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Lee S. Polypyrrole-wool composite with electrical heating properties fabricated via layer-by-layer method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3883. [PMID: 38366069 PMCID: PMC10873413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the development of conductive polymer-textile composites with outstanding electric heating properties achieved through the in-situ polymerization of polypyrrole on wool-felt fabrics, renowned for their superior thermal insulation. Employing successive layer-by-layer (LBL) cycles facilitated precise control over the uniform deposition of polypyrrole with the fabrics. The investigation focused on the interaction between wool fiber and polypyrrole, evaluating appearance, add-on, and electrical heating performance with varying LBL cycles. The polymerization process resulted in the formation of spherical polypyrrole particles on the wool-felt, with deposition increasing alongside LBL cycle numbers. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength and bending rigidity, exhibited enhancement with polypyrrole deposition, while strain reduction was noted, with minimal influence from LBL cycles. Electrical properties, particularly surface resistance, displayed a rapid decrease up to the second LBL cycle. Concerning electrical heating performance, the application of a 12 V voltage resulted in a linear increase in surface temperature with increasing LBL cycles, peaking at 15.5 ℃. Notably, this sustained electrical heating effect persisted even after voltage removal, attributed to the low thermal conductivity of wool fiber. Moreover, the polypyrrole conductive layer maintained exceptional conductivity following repeated abrasion and washing, credited to improved uniformity through LBL cycles. The synergy of wool's insulating properties and polypyrrole's conductivity, as confirmed in this study, presents the potential for a highly efficient heating fabric. These developed materials exhibited improved heating performance, energy conservation, and minimal change in mechanical properties, making them suitable for applications such as electrical heating smart clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Lee
- Department of Fashion and Textiles, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Islam MR, Afroj S, Yin J, Novoselov KS, Chen J, Karim N. Advances in Printed Electronic Textiles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304140. [PMID: 38009793 PMCID: PMC10853734 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) have emerged as a revolutionary solution for personalized healthcare, enabling the continuous collection and communication of diverse physiological parameters when seamlessly integrated with the human body. Among various methods employed to create wearable e-textiles, printing offers unparalleled flexibility and comfort, seamlessly integrating wearables into garments. This has spurred growing research interest in printed e-textiles, due to their vast design versatility, material options, fabrication techniques, and wide-ranging applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of the crucial considerations in fabricating printed e-textiles is provided, encompassing the selection of conductive materials and substrates, as well as the essential pre- and post-treatments involved. Furthermore, the diverse printing techniques and the specific requirements are discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each method. Additionally, the multitude of wearable applications made possible by printed e-textiles is explored, such as their integration as various sensors, supercapacitors, and heated garments. Finally, a forward-looking perspective is provided, discussing future prospects and emerging trends in the realm of printed wearable e-textiles. As advancements in materials science, printing technologies, and design innovation continue to unfold, the transformative potential of printed e-textiles in healthcare and beyond is poised to revolutionize the way wearable technology interacts and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Shaila Afroj
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Junyi Yin
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent MaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre for Print Research (CFPR)University of the West of EnglandFrenchay CampusBristolBS16 1QYUK
- Nottingham School of Art and DesignNottingham Trent UniversityShakespeare StreetNottinghamNG1 4GGUK
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Antinate Shilpa S, Kavitha Sri A, Jeen Robert RB, Subbulakshmi MS, Hikku GSO. A review focused on the superhydrophobic fabrics with functional properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagayanathan Antinate Shilpa
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Chennai India
| | - Annadurai Kavitha Sri
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Chennai India
| | | | | | - Gnanadhas Sobhin Osannal Hikku
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education Chennai India
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Lee S. Superhydrophobicity and conductivity of polyester-conductive fabrics using alkaline hydrolysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22911-22921. [PMID: 36106007 PMCID: PMC9377211 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03996f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A superhydrophobic conductive fabric is developed to solve the problem of functional deterioration due to oxidation by air and water through alkaline hydrolysis and hydrophobic coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Lee
- Department of Fashion Design, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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Repon MR, Mikučionienė D. Progress in Flexible Electronic Textile for Heating Application: A Critical Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6540. [PMID: 34772066 PMCID: PMC8585370 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent textiles are predicted to see a 'surprising' development in the future. The consequence of this revived interest has been the growth of industrial goods and the improvement of innovative methods for the incorporation of electrical features into textiles materials. Conductive textiles comprise conductive fibres, yarns, fabrics, and finished goods produced using them. Present perspectives to manufacture electrically conductive threads containing conductive substrates, metal wires, metallic yarns, and intrinsically conductive polymers. This analysis concentrates on the latest developments of electro-conductivity in the area of smart textiles and heeds especially to materials and their assembling processes. The aim of this work is to illustrate a potential trade-off between versatility, ergonomics, low energy utilization, integration, and heating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Reazuddin Repon
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Pattanarat K, Petchsang N, Osotchan T, Kim YH, Jaisutti R. Wash-Durable Conductive Yarn with Ethylene Glycol-Treated PEDOT:PSS for Wearable Electric Heaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48053-48060. [PMID: 34582172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, wearable electric heaters with high durability and low-power operation have attracted much attention due to their potential to change traditional approaches for personal heating management and thermal therapy systems. Here, we report textile-based wearable heaters based on highly durable conductive yarns, which were transformed from traditional cotton yarns through a facile dyeing process of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) and ethylene glycol (EG). With the EG post-treatment, the conductive yarns exhibited an electrical conductivity of ∼76 S cm-1 and good stability under repeated cycles of washing and drying. The heating elements made from the conductive yarns showed an excellent distribution of temperature and could be heated up to 150 °C at a sufficiently low driving voltage of 5 V. Also, the heating elements showed stable Joule heating performance under repeated bending stress and 2000 cycles of stretching and releasing. To demonstrate its practical use for on-body heating systems, a lightweight and air-breathable thermal wristband was demonstrated by sewing the conductive yarns onto a fabric with a simple circuit structure. From these results, we believe that our strategy to obtain highly conductive and durable yarns can be utilized in various applications, including medical heat therapy and personal heating management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntima Pattanarat
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Nattasamon Petchsang
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials for Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Osotchan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Rawat Jaisutti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
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Biermaier C, Bechtold T, Pham T. Towards the Functional Ageing of Electrically Conductive and Sensing Textiles: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5944. [PMID: 34502835 PMCID: PMC8434635 DOI: 10.3390/s21175944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) have become more and more important in daily life and attracted increased attention of the scientific community over the last decade. This interdisciplinary field of interest ranges from material science, over chemistry, physics, electrical engineering, information technology to textile design. Numerous applications can already be found in sports, safety, healthcare, etc. Throughout the life of service, e-textiles undergo several exposures, e.g., mechanical stress, chemical corrosion, etc., that cause aging and functional losses in the materials. The review provides a broad and critical overview on the functional ageing of electronic textiles on different levels from fibres to fabrics. The main objective is to review possible aging mechanisms and elaborate the effect of aging on (electrical) performances of e-textiles. The review also provides an overview on different laboratory methods for the investigation on accelerated functional ageing. Finally, we try to build a model of cumulative fatigue damage theory for modelling the change of e-textile properties in their lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tung Pham
- Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria; (C.B.); (T.B.)
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Park J. Functional Fibers, Composites and Textiles Utilizing Photothermal and Joule Heating. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E189. [PMID: 31936785 PMCID: PMC7022820 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the mechanism of adjusting the thermal environment surrounding the human body via textiles. Recently highlighted technologies for thermal management are based on the photothermal conversion principle and Joule heating for wearable electronics. Recent innovations in this technology are described, with a focus on reports in the last three years and are categorized into three subjects: (1) thermal management technologies of a passive type using light irradiation of the outside environment (photothermal heating), (2) those of an active type employing external electrical circuits (Joule heating), and (3) biomimetic structures. Fibers and textiles from the design of fibers and textiles perspective are also discussed with suggestions for future directions to maximize thermal storage and to minimize heat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Energy-Converting Soft Materials, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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Baik K, Park S, Yun C, Park CH. Integration of Polypyrrole Electrode into Piezoelectric PVDF Energy Harvester with Improved Adhesion and Over-Oxidation Resistance. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1071. [PMID: 31234306 PMCID: PMC6631839 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart textiles for wearable devices require flexibility and a lightweight, so in this study, a soft polypyrrole (PPy) electrode system was integrated into a piezoelectric polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) energy harvester. The PVDF energy harvester integrated with a PPy electrode had the piezoelectric output voltage of 4.24-4.56 V, while the PVDF energy harvester with an additional aluminum-foil electrode exhibited 2.57 V. Alkaline treatment and chemical vapor deposition with n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) were employed to improve the adhesion between the PVDF and PPy and the resistance to over-oxidation in aqueous solutions. The PVDF film modified by an alkaline treatment could have the improved adhesion via the introduction of polar functional groups to its surface, which was confirmed by the ultrasonication. The surface hydrophobicity of the PPy electrode was enhanced by the DTMS coating, resulting in the improvement of the resistance to over-oxidation with a water contact angle of 111°. Even with the hydrophobic coating, the electrodes remained electroconductive and continued to transfer an electric charge, maintaining the piezoelectricity of the PVDF film. The developed electrode-integrated energy harvester is expected to be applied to smart textiles because it offers the advantages of efficient piezoelectric generation, flexibility, and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungha Baik
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Human Ecology, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, Korea.
| | - Changsang Yun
- Department of Fashion Industry, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Chung Hee Park
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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