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Hansen DS, Turcios AE, Klamt AM, Wieth C, Reitzel K, Thomsen MH, Papenbrock J. Characterization of biochar produced from sewage sludge and its potential use as a substrate and plant growth improver. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119271. [PMID: 37827073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a product rich in carbon produced by pyrolysis of different kinds of biomass and it modifies the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. In this study, biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (590 °C, 665 °C, and 765 °C), was physico-chemically characterized. It was explored whether biochar made from sewage sludge can become an alternative solution for future water and phosphorus management in agricultural production. A pot experiment was conducted using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) to investigate the effect of applying different biochars to the substrate, taking into account different growth parameters and the biochemical composition of the plants, as well as the physico-chemical properties of the substrate. According to the results, pyrolysis temperature influences the content of elements in biochar and their availability to plants, with total phosphorus contents in biochar ranging from 4.6% to 4.9%. In addition, applying biochar to the substrate significantly increases the volumetric water content up to 4.5 fold more compared to the control, which indicates a promising application in drought stress conditions and, at the same time, is a source of nutrients and can help to reduce the amount of mineral fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis S Hansen
- Aalborg University, Energy, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Ariel E Turcios
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr, 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Marie Klamt
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper Reitzel
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mette H Thomsen
- Aalborg University, Energy, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jutta Papenbrock
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr, 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Sun H, Jiang S. A review on nirS-type and nirK-type denitrifiers via a scientometric approach coupled with case studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:221-232. [PMID: 35072673 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The denitrification process plays an important role in improving water quality and is a source/sink of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. The second important rate-limiting step of the denitrification process is catalyzed by two enzymes with different structures and unrelated evolutionary relationships, namely, the Cu-type nitrite reductase encoded by the nirK gene and the cytochrome cd1-type nitrite reductase encoded by the nirS gene. Although some relevant reviews have been published on denitrifiers, most of these reviews do not include statistical analysis, and do not compare the nirS and nirK communities in-depth. However, a systematic study of the nirS-type and nirK-type denitrifying communities and their response to environmental factors in different ecosystems is needed. In this review, a scientometric approach combined with case studies was used to study the nirS-type and nirK-type denitrifiers. The scientometric approach demonstrated that Pseudomonas, Paracoccus, and Thauera are the most frequently mentioned nirS-type denitrifiers, while Pseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium are the top two most frequently mentioned nirK-type denitrifiers. Among various environmental factors, the concentrations of nitrite, nitrate and carbon sources were widely reported factors that can influence the abundance and structure of nirS-type and nirK-type denitrifying communities. Case studies indicated that Bradyrhizobium was the major genus detected by high-throughput sequencing in both nirS and nirK-type denitrifiers in soil systems. nirS-type denitrifiers are more sensitive to the soil type, soil moisture, pH, and rhizosphere effect than nirK. To clarify the relationships between denitrifying communities and environmental factors, the DNA stable isotope probe combined with metagenomic sequencing is needed for new denitrifier detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishu Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanxue Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Saravanan P, Rajeswari S, Kumar JA, Rajasimman M, Rajamohan N. Bibliometric analysis and recent trends on MXene research - A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131873. [PMID: 34411934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MXene, identified as a high performance material with superior properties, has gained significant importance in the field of applications including energy storage, photo catalysis, sensing of components and environmental pollution control. This review article is a comprehensive study on scientometric review on the research studies involving MXene and its derivatives for various applications. The aim of this study is to identify the areas of priority focused during the study period (2012-2020) and evaluate the impact of the studies in terms of different parameters. Using the suitable key words, a total of 3332 documents are identified and screened with respect to yearly count of literature, type of literature, language of publication, authors, Web of science (WoS) categories, most cited literature, author contribution, name of the affiliated institution, country of author affiliation, journals and key words. In addition, collaboration behavior and citation network are reviewed using the mapping tool. The total local citation score (TLCS) and total global citation score (TGCS) are evaluated. Based on the review data, the developments in the field of MXene applications are presented with more focus on sensing applications and photocatalysis. The top two contributing countries in the chosen field of MXene research are China and USA. Based on the number of documents published, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces and Journal of Materials Chemistry "A" are identified as the best two journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchamoorthy Saravanan
- Department of Petrochemical Technology, UCE - BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Rajeswari
- Department of Library, UCE - BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagadeesan Aravind Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science of Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Natarajan Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman.
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Jiang S, Wang F, Li Q, Sun H, Wang H, Yao Z. Environment and food safety: a novel integrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54511-54530. [PMID: 34431060 PMCID: PMC8384557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Environment protection and food safety are two critical issues in the world. In this review, a novel approach which integrates statistical study and subjective discussion was adopted to review recent advances on environment and food safety. Firstly, a scientometric-based statistical study was conducted based on 4904 publications collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. It was found that the research on environment and food safety was growing steadily from 2001 to 2020. Interestingly, the statistical analysis of most-cited papers, titles, abstracts, keywords, and research areas revealed that the research on environment and food safety was diverse and multidisciplinary. In addition to the scientometric study, strategies to protect environment and ensure food safety were critically discussed, followed by a discussion on the emerging research topics, including emerging contaminates (e.g., microplastics), rapid detection of contaminants (e.g., biosensors), and environment friendly food packaging materials (e.g., biodegradable polymers). Finally, current challenges and future research directions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qirun Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huijiao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Abstract
Biochar is a porous material obtained by biomass thermal degradation in oxygen-starved conditions. It is nowadays applied in many fields. For instance, it is used to synthesize new materials for environmental remediation, catalysis, animal feeding, adsorbent for smells, etc. In the last decades, biochar has been applied also to soils due to its beneficial effects on soil structure, pH, soil organic carbon content, and stability, and, therefore, soil fertility. In addition, this carbonaceous material shows high chemical stability. Once applied to soil it maintains its nature for centuries. Consequently, it can be considered a sink to store atmospheric carbon dioxide in soils, thereby mitigating the effects of global climatic changes. The literature contains plenty of papers dealing with biochar’s environmental effects. However, a discrepancy exists between studies dealing with biochar applications and those dealing with the physical-chemistry behind biochar behavior. On the one hand, the impression is that most of the papers where biochar is tested in soils are based on trial-and-error procedures. Sometimes these give positive results, sometimes not. Consequently, it appears that the scientific world is divided into two factions: either supporters or detractors. On the other hand, studies dealing with biochar’s physical-chemistry do not appear helpful in settling the factions’ problem. This review paper aims at collecting all the information on physical-chemistry of biochar and to use it to explain biochar’s role in different fields of application.
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Lefebvre D, Williams A, Meersmans J, Kirk GJD, Sohi S, Goglio P, Smith P. Modelling the potential for soil carbon sequestration using biochar from sugarcane residues in Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19479. [PMID: 33173109 PMCID: PMC7655943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation leaves behind around 20 t ha-1 of biomass residue after harvest and processing. We investigated the potential for sequestering carbon (C) in soil with these residues by partially converting them into biochar (recalcitrant carbon-rich material). First, we modified the RothC model to allow changes in soil C arising from additions of sugarcane-derived biochar. Second, we evaluated the modified model against published field data, and found satisfactory agreement between observed and predicted soil C accumulation. Third, we used the model to explore the potential for soil C sequestration with sugarcane biochar in São Paulo State, Brazil. The results show a potential increase in soil C stocks by 2.35 ± 0.4 t C ha-1 year-1 in sugarcane fields across the State at application rates of 4.2 t biochar ha-1 year-1. Scaling to the total sugarcane area of the State, this would be 50 Mt of CO2 equivalent year-1, which is 31% of the CO2 equivalent emissions attributed to the State in 2016. Future research should (a) further validate the model with field experiments; (b) make a full life cycle assessment of the potential for greenhouse gas mitigation, including additional effects of biochar applications on greenhouse gas balances.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lefebvre
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Adrian Williams
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Jeroen Meersmans
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Guy J D Kirk
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Saran Sohi
- UK Biochar Research Centre (UKBRC), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Pietro Goglio
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Bedford, MK43 0AL, UK
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, Leeuwenborch, Hollandsweg 1, 6706KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
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Joseph S, Pow D, Dawson K, Rust J, Munroe P, Taherymoosavi S, Mitchell DRG, Robb S, Solaiman ZM. Biochar increases soil organic carbon, avocado yields and economic return over 4 years of cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138153. [PMID: 32251884 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of biochar in avocado orchard soils has not yet been investigated in rigorous scientific experiments. We determine the effect of wood biochar on avocado growth, fruit production and economic benefit. Biochar was applied at 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% volume by volume basis. Biochar significantly improved the growth of avocado seedlings and increased fruit yield in the first three years after planting. There was an overall increase in soil carbon, fruit yield, tree diameter and height in all biochar treatments relative to the control over the seasons. Trees planted with biochar had 18-26% greater growth rates (in terms of height and stem diameter) than the control. Tree diameter was significantly greater with biochar (145.4 ± 3.3 mm) relative to the control treatment (125.0 ± 2.7 mm). Tree height was also significantly greater with biochar (3.7 ± 0.1 m) relative to the control treatment (3.4 ± 0.1 m). The fruit count from the biochar row was significantly greater (97%) in 2018. Heavy bearing trees typically have a lower yield in the subsequent year but despite this, the 2019 fruit counts were higher in aggregate for the biochar amended trees (20%) relative to the control. A cost-benefit analysis indicated that if yield surplus of fruit trees continued for three years, and assuming avocado prices remain at similar levels, then the discounted net benefit over a hectare would amount to US$8581, or US$105 per metric tonne of biochar applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Doug Pow
- Marron Brook Farm, Manjimup 6258, Australia
| | - Kathy Dawson
- Warren Catchments Council, 52 Bath St, Manjimup 6258, Australia
| | - Joshua Rust
- Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, 1243 Bruxner Highway, Wollongbar 2477, Australia
| | - Paul Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Sarasadat Taherymoosavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - David R G Mitchell
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Australian Institute for Advanced Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Robb
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zakaria M Solaiman
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Li Y, Lin Y, Zhao J, Liu B, Wang T, Wang P, Mao H. Control of NO x emissions by air staging in small- and medium-scale biomass pellet boilers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9717-9729. [PMID: 30734254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of air staging strategies on NOx control was investigated on a 210-kW small-scale biomass boiler (SBB) and a 1.4-MW medium-scale biomass boiler (MBB). Considering the de-NOx effect, as well as the convenience and economy for future wide use, the structures of the secondary air duct and the fuel feed tube were innovatively designed to solve the problems of the traditional prototype. The preliminary experiment showed that the lowest NOx emission was achieved when the air excess (ε) was equal to 2.04. Then, additional operating modes were conducted on the MBB to further optimize the air staging strategies. The optimal air staging strategy of the MBB (the secondary to primary air flow ratio (λ) and the ε were equal to 0.13 and 0.76, respectively) could decrease the NOx emission from 338.12 to 148.14 mg/m3. Furthermore, the SO2 emissions and the lowest NOx emission of the SBB and the MBB could meet most emission standards of China and some developed countries. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and combustion characteristics of the wood fuel showed that the air staging was a suitable de-NOx technology for wood combustion, and the slagging was less likely to occur under the selected condition. Hence, the air staging technology was an effective and low-cost method for the emission reduction of biomass boilers. This study provided a practical basis for future research on the gas emission control of biomass boilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Li
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingchao Lin
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- QES Department, Novozymes (China) Biotechnology Ltd, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Zachry Department of Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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