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Noman M, Yu G, Tsegaye Awugichew D, Li X. Synthesis of surficial-modified green biochar catalyst generated by biogas residue biochar and potential application for catalytic ozonation degradation of ciprofloxacin. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119314. [PMID: 38824988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study synthesized novel, green, and easily recoverable surface-modified economical catalysts via hydrothermal treatment (HT) successfully, utilizing biogas residue biochar (BRB), a food waste product from anaerobic fermentation, pyrolyzed at 500 °C for 50 min. Using autoclaves, a total of six solutions were prepared, each having 1 g fine-grinded BRB, surficial modified by adding glycerol (GL) (10 or 20 mL) and SDI water (70 or 60 mL), and heated in an oven at 240 °C, 180 °C, and 120 °C for 24 h. Afterward, the catalysts showed the potential for degradation of widely used emerging pollutants like ciprofloxacin. Taking advantage of catalytic surface modification, the catalytic ozonation degradation was more effective than that of a single ozonation. However, under similar conditions, catalyst amount 0.20 g, ozone dose 15 mg L-1, and ciprofloxacin 80 mg L-1, the performance of the 10 mL GL-180 °C catalyst was excellent. It showed a 92.45%-94.41% optimum removal rate in the 8-10 min interval. After five continuous cycles, the 10 mL GL-180 °C catalyst exhibited excellent stability and reusability. XPS, FT-IR, BET, XRD, and SEM before and after the reaction confirmed the successful synthesis and degradation mechanism. A possible degradation pathway was unrevealed based on a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) and scavenger test, proving the significant roles of superoxide radicals (O2•-), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2). Further, Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis confirmed the presence of active oxygen species. Subsequently, 10 mL GL-180 °C showed promising degradation for the actual water environment, such as groundwater (73.55%) and river water (64.74%). This work provides a valuable economic strategy to convert biogas residue biochar into a low-cost catalyst for organic pollutant decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Dinkayehu Tsegaye Awugichew
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinlin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Ghanbari S, Fatehizadeh A, Ebrahimi A, Bina B, Taheri E, Iqbal HMN. Hydrothermally improved natural manganese-containing catalytic materials to degrade 4-chlorophenol. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115641. [PMID: 36921786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural manganese-containing mineral (NMM) was used as a catalyst in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation for 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degradation. The surface and structural properties of NMM were modified by the hydrothermal aging process and called H-NMM. The catalytic activity of NMM and H-NMM were evaluated for the catalytic ozonation process (COP). The synergistic effect of NMM and H-NMM in ozonation processes for 4-CP degradation under optimal conditions (pH of 7, 1 g/L of NMM and H-NMM, 0.85 mg/min of O3, and 15 min of reaction time) was measured by 3.04 and 4.34, respectively. During the hydrothermal process, Mn4+ and Fe2+ were converted to Mn2+ and Fe3+, which caused better performance of the H-NMM than the NMM. During the catalytic ozonation process, Mn2+ is completely oxidized, which increases the production of Hydroxyl radical (•OH). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the system were identified using radical scavenging experiments. •OH, superoxide radical (•O2-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) represented the dominant reactive species for 4-CP degradation. The O3/H-NMM process indicated a powerful ability in the mineralization of 4-CP (66.31% of TOC degradation). H-NMM exhibited excellent stability and reusability in consecutive catalytic cycles, and the NMM exhibited desirable performance. This study offers NMM and H-NMM as effective, stable, and competitive catalysts for hastening and enhancing the ozonation process to mitigate environmentally related pollutants of high concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Ghanbari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Fatehizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bijan Bina
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Taheri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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Mohebali H, Moussavi G, Karimi M, Giannakis S. Development of a magnetic Ce-Zr bimetallic MOF as an efficient catalytic ozonation mediator: Preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Luo L, Sun Z, Chen Y, Zhang H, Sun Y, Lu D, Ma J. Catalytic ozonation of sulfamethoxazole using low-cost natural silicate ore supported Fe 2O 3: influencing factors, reaction mechanisms and degradation pathways. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1906-1913. [PMID: 36712632 PMCID: PMC9832326 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A low-cost natural silicate ore supported Fe2O3 (FeSO) was synthesized for catalytic ozonation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). XRD, SEM-EDS, BET, FTIR and XPS results of the FeSO catalyst confirmed that the natural silicate ore was successfully modified with iron oxide. The effects of key factors, such as catalyst dosage, initial solution pH, reaction temperature, inorganic anions and initial concentration, on ozonation degradation were systemically investigated. The degradation rate of SMX (20 mg L-1) was 88.1% after 30 min, compared with only 35.1% SMX degradation rate in the absence of the catalyst, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal reached 49.1% after 60 min. Reaction mechanisms revealed that surface hydroxyl groups of FeSO were a critical factor for hydroxyl radical (˙OH) production leading to fast SMX degradation in the ozone decomposition process. The degradation products were detected, and the possible pathways of SMX were then proposed. This study provides guidance for preparing a low-cost catalyst and analyzing the degradation products and pathways of SMX in the ozonation process, which is of significance in practical industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Luo
- Jilin Institute of Chemical TechnologyJilin 130022P. R. China,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090PR China
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090PR China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Jilin Institute of Chemical TechnologyJilin 130022P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090PR China
| | - Yinkun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090PR China
| | - Dongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090PR China
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Verinda SB, Muniroh M, Yulianto E, Maharani N, Gunawan G, Amalia NF, Hobley J, Usman A, Nur M. Degradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution using ozone microbubbles: spectroscopic, kinetics, and antibacterial analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10137. [PMID: 36033314 PMCID: PMC9399964 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) has been listed in the last version of the surface water due to its ability to kill human cells by inhibiting the activity of DNA topoisomerase IV. Thus, CIP, along with other antibiotic pollution has become a serious threat to the environment and public health. Ozonation has been used as an advanced technique that is applied in wastewater treatment to remove CIP, but the primary limitation of this method is the low solubility of ozone in water. This study is the first report of CIP removal in a scale-up of its aqueous solution using a self-developed aerator pump-enhanced ozonation (APO) system, which only employs a propeller and a zigzag arrangement of meshes. This aerator pump decreased the size of ozone bubbles by 90% and increased the effective ozone solubility to 0.47 ppm. The mechanism of degradation of CIP is attributed to an oxidation reaction of the antibiotic with reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl, oxygen, and hydroperoxyl radicals, generated on the surface of the ozone microbubbles. It was found that the rate and efficiency of degradation of CIP using the APO system were 3.64 × 10−3/min and 83.5%, respectively, which is higher compared with those of conventional flow ozonation (FO) systems (1.47 × 10−3/min and 60.9%). The higher degradation efficiency of CIP by the APO system was also revealed by its higher electrical energy efficiency (0.146 g/kWh), compared to that of the FO system (0.106 g/kWh). The degradation of CIP was also monitored by the resulting antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Budi Verinda
- Biomedical Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Muflihatul Muniroh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Eko Yulianto
- Center for Plasma Research, Integrated Laboratory, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Nani Maharani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Gunawan Gunawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Nur Farida Amalia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Jonathan Hobley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Muhammad Nur
- Center for Plasma Research, Integrated Laboratory, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
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Solar Light-Assisted Oxidative Degradation of Ciprofloxacin in Aqueous Solution by Iron(III) Chelated Cross-Linked Chitosan Immobilized on a Glass Plate. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The massive worldwide use of antibiotics leads to water pollution and increasing microbial resistance. Hence, the removal of antibiotic residues is a key issue in water remediation. Here, we report the solar light-assisted oxidative degradation of ciprofloxacin (CPF), using H2O2 in aqueous solution, catalyzed by iron(III) chelated cross-linked chitosan (FeIII-CS-GLA) immobilized on a glass plate. The FeIII-CS-GLA catalyst was characterized by FTIR and 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopies as well as X-ray diffraction, revealing key structural motifs and a high-spin ferric character of the metal. Catalytic degradation of CPF was investigated as a function of solar light irradiation time, solution pH, concentration of H2O2 and CPF, as well as cross-linker dosage and iron(III) content in FeIII-CS-GLA. The system was found to serve as an efficient catalyst with maximum CPF degradation at pH 3. The specific ·OH scavenger mannitol significantly reduces the degradation rate, indicating that hydroxyl radicals play a key role. The mechanism of catalytic CPF degradation was evaluated in terms of pseudo-first-order and Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models; adsorption of CPF onto the FeIII-CS-GLA surface was evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. FeIII-CS-GLA can be reused multiple times with only minor loss of catalytic efficiency. Antimicrobial activity tests performed against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli DH5α, Salmonella typhi AF4500) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis RBW) before and after treatment confirmed complete degradation of CPF. These results establish the immobilized FeIII-CS-GLA as a rugged catalyst system for efficient photo-Fenton type degradation of antibiotics in aqueous solutions.
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Inchaurrondo NS, Font J. Clay, Zeolite and Oxide Minerals: Natural Catalytic Materials for the Ozonation of Organic Pollutants. Molecules 2022; 27:2151. [PMID: 35408550 PMCID: PMC9000877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone has been successfully employed in water treatment due to its ability to oxidize a wide variety of refractory compounds. In order to increase the process efficiency and optimize its economy, the implementation of heterogeneous catalysts has been encouraged. In this context, the use of cheap and widely available natural materials is a promising option that would promote the utilization of ozone in a cost-effective water treatment process. This review describes the use of natural clays, zeolites and oxides as supports or active catalysts in the ozonation process, with emphasis on the structural characteristics and modifications performed in the raw natural materials; the catalytic oxidation mechanism; effect of the operating parameters and degradation efficiency outcomes. According to the information compiled, more research in realistic scenarios is needed (i.e., real wastewater matrix or continuous operation in pilot scale) in order to transfer this technology to the treatment of real wastewater streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soledad Inchaurrondo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química/Div, Catalizadores y Superficies-INTEMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata B7606BWV, Argentina
| | - Josep Font
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Campus Sescelades, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Soltani F, Navidjouy N, Rahimnejad M. A review on bio-electro-Fenton systems as environmentally friendly methods for degradation of environmental organic pollutants in wastewater. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5184-5213. [PMID: 35425537 PMCID: PMC8982105 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08825d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) systems have been potentially studied as a promising technology to achieve environmental organic pollutants degradation and bioelectricity generation. The BEF systems are interesting and constantly expanding fields of science and technology. These emerging technologies, coupled with anodic microbial metabolisms and electrochemical Fenton's reactions, are considered suitable alternatives. Recently, great attention has been paid to BEFs due to special features such as hydrogen peroxide generation, energy saving, high efficiency and energy production, that these features make BEFs outstanding compared with the existing technologies. Despite the advantages of this technology, there are still problems to consider including low production of current density, chemical requirement for pH adjustment, iron sludge formation due to the addition of iron catalysts and costly materials used. This review has described the general features of BEF system, and introduced some operational parameters affecting the performance of BEF system. In addition, the results of published researches about the degradation of persistent organic pollutants and real wastewaters treatment in BEF system are presented. Some challenges and possible future prospects such as suitable methods for improving current generation, selection of electrode materials, and methods for reducing iron residues and application over a wide pH range are also given. Thus, the present review mainly revealed that BEF system is an environmental friendly technology for integrated wastewater treatment and clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Soltani
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Nahid Navidjouy
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Urmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran +98 9143489617
| | - Mostafa Rahimnejad
- Biofuel and Renewable Energy Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology Babol Iran
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Wang J, Chen H. Catalytic ozonation for water and wastewater treatment: Recent advances and perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135249. [PMID: 31837842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation process has been widely applied in water and wastewater treatment, such as for disinfection, for degradation of toxic organic pollutants. However, the utilization efficiency of ozone is low and the mineralization of organic pollutants by ozone oxidation is ineffective, and some toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) may be formed during ozonation process. Catalytic ozonation process can overcome these problems to some extent, which has received increasing attention in recent years. During catalytic ozonation, catalysts can promote O3 decomposition and generate active free radicals, which can enhance the degradation and mineralization of organic pollutants. In this paper, the history of ozonation application in water treatment was briefly reviewed. The properties of the ozone molecule, the ozonation types and several ozone-based water treatment processes were briefly introduced. Various catalysts for catalytic ozonation, including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, such as metal ions, metal oxidizes, carbon-based materials and their possible catalytic mechanisms were analyzed and summarized in detail. Furthermore, some inconsistent results of previous research on catalytic ozonation were analyzed and discussed. The application of catalytic oxidation for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants, including phenols, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals and others, was summarized. Finally, several key aspects of catalytic ozonation, such as pH effect, the catalyst performance, the catalytic mechanism were proposed, to which more attention should be paid in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hai Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Luo L, Zou D, Lu D, Yu F, Xin B, Ma J. Study of catalytic ozonation for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation in water by silicate ore supported Co 3O 4. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41109-41116. [PMID: 35559322 PMCID: PMC9092016 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08402e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation by cobalt modified silicate ore (CoSO) catalytic ozonation in aqueous solution was investigated. CoSO catalyst was synthesized by an impregnation method using Co(NO3)2 as the precursor and natural silicon ore (SO) as the support. The key catalyst preparation conditions (i.e., impregnation concentration, calcination temperature and time) were optimized. The activity and stability of CoSO catalyst and its catalytic ozonation mechanism for TCH degradation were studied. The results showed that Co3O4 was successfully coated on the silicon ore and the CoSO catalyst was highly efficient in catalytic ozonation for TCH degradation. The TCH removal by CoSO/O3 could reach 93.2%, while only 69.3% by SO/O3 and only 46.0% by O3 alone at 25 min. The reaction of TCH degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics. TOC removal rate by CoSO/O3 was 2.0 times higher than that by SO/O3, and 3.5 times higher than that by O3 alone. The reaction conditions (TCH initial concentration, catalyst concentration, pH and temperature) for catalytic ozonation were systematically investigated. The possible mechanism for the CoSO catalytic ozonation process was proposed, where hydroxyl radical oxidation mainly accounted for the substantial TCH degradation. Furthermore, CoSO showed great durability and stability after seven reaction cycles. Antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride was efficiently degraded by CoSO-catalytic ozonation and the catalytic oxidation mechanism was elucidated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Groundwater Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University Changchun 130000 P. R. China.,College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132022 China.,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 P. R. China
| | - Donglei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Groundwater Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University Changchun 130000 P. R. China
| | - Dongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 P. R. China
| | - Fengli Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132022 China
| | - Bingjing Xin
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132022 China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 P. R. China
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