1
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Perrin MA, Dutheil P, Wörle M, Mougel V. Recovery of europium from E-waste using redox active tetrathiotungstate ligands. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4577. [PMID: 38830854 PMCID: PMC11148158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are critical to our modern economy, yet their mining from natural ores bears a profound environmental impact. Traditional separation techniques are chemical and energy-intensive because their chemical similarities make REEs very challenging to purify, requiring multiple extraction steps to achieve high purity products. This emphasizes the need for sustainable and straightforward separation methods. Here we introduce a strategy for the direct separation of europium (Eu) from complex mixtures under ambient conditions, leveraging on the redox non innocence of purely inorganic tungsten tetrathiolate (WS42-) ligands. The recovery of Eu is achieved upon reduction of Eu(III) to a Eu(II) coordination polymer, driven by an induced internal electron transfer from the tetrathiotungstate ligand. Applying this strategy to unconventional feedstock such as spent energy-saving lamps allows selective europium recovery with separation factors over 1000 and recovery efficiency as high as 99% without pre-treatment of the waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Perrin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Dutheil
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Nuclear Energy and Safety Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, PSI, CH-5232, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Safety and Security, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, PSI, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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2
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Su X, Liu H, Tian G. A green extraction process for the selective recovery of Sc(iii) based on hydrophobic betaine derivative ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4853-4860. [PMID: 38323016 PMCID: PMC10844928 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficient extraction recovery of scandium (Sc(iii)) is crucial for its application in high-end technology. Two novel hydrophobic carboxylic acid ionic liquids (ILs), namely, [lauryl betaine][bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide] ([Laur][Tf2N]) and [cocamidopropyl betaine][bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide] ([Coca][Tf2N]), were synthesized using two inexpensive amphoteric surfactants as cation sources. [Laur][Tf2N] (257 °C) and [Coca][Tf2N] (251 °C) exhibited good thermal stability and strong hydrophobicity. The viscosity of [Coca][Tf2N] (4.29 × 103 mP s) was higher than that of [Laur][Tf2N] (2.55 × 103 mPa s) at 25 °C. The optimal extraction conditions were an extraction equilibrium time of 40 min, an initial Sc(iii) concentration of 0.001 mol L-1, a sodium nitrate concentration of 0.5 mol L-1, and a pH of 3. The extraction efficiency of [Laur][Tf2N] and [Coca][Tf2N] could even exceed 98.7% and 96.0%, respectively. The cation exchange extraction mechanism was studied by slope analysis, IR spectroscopy and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Sc(iii) extracted using [Laur][Tf2N] and [Coca][Tf2N] could be completely stripped with 0.1 mol L-1 and 0.2 mol L-1 HNO3 once, respectively. The structure of the ILs was not broken after stripping, and the extraction efficiency of the ILs remained almost unchanged after five cycles. In addition, the extraction differences at different pH levels made it possible to separate Sc(iii) from other rare earths using ionic liquids [Laur][Tf2N] and [Coca][Tf2N].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Su
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University Pingdingshan Henan 467000 PR China
| | - Huipeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University Pingdingshan Henan 467000 PR China
| | - Gang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University Pingdingshan Henan 467000 PR China
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3
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Xiong L, Huang J, Wu C, Yuan Q, Wang S, Zhu L, Li Z, Sun Z, Fang Y, Li W, Hu G. Yttrium chloride induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes via iron accumulation and triggers cardiac lipid peroxidation and inflammation that cause heart adverse events in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115279. [PMID: 37480692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The growing presence of yttrium (Y) in the environment raises concern regarding its safety and toxicity. However, limited toxicological data are available to determine cardiotoxicity of Y and its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, yttrium chloride (YCl3) intervention with different doses was performed in male Kunming mice for the toxicological evaluation of Y in the heart. After 28 days of intragastric administration, 500 mg/kg·bw YCl3 induces iron accumulation in cardiomyocytes, and triggers ferroptosis through the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)/glutathione (GSH)/system Xc- axis via the inhibition of Nrf2 signaling pathway. This process led to cardiac lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response. Further RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis found that many genes involved in ferroptosis and lipid metabolism-related pathways were enriched. The ferroptosis induced by YCl3 in cardiomyocytes ultimately caused cardiac injury and dysfunction in mice. Our findings assist in the elucidation of the potential subacute cardiotoxicity of Y3+ and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Chunmei Wu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Sihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Liye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zilu Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ziyue Sun
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yi Fang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gonghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
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4
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Selective recovery of rare earth elements from e-waste via ionic liquid extraction: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Falco A, Neri M, Melegari M, Baraldi L, Bonfant G, Tegoni M, Serpe A, Marchiò L. Semirigid Ligands Enhance Different Coordination Behavior of Nd and Dy Relevant to Their Separation and Recovery in a Non-aqueous Environment. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16110-16121. [PMID: 36177719 PMCID: PMC9554911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Rare-earth elements are widely used in high-end technologies,
the
production of permanent magnets (PMs) being one of the sectors with
the greatest current demand and likely greater future demand. The
combination of Nd and Dy in NdFeB PMs enhances their magnetic properties
but makes their recycling more challenging. Due to the similar chemical
properties of Nd and Dy, their separation is expensive and currently
limited to the small scale. It is therefore crucially important to
devise efficient and selective methods that can recover and then reuse
those critical metals. To address these issues, a series of heptadentate
Trensal-based ligands were used for the complexation of Dy3+ and Nd3+ ions, with the goal of indicating the role of
coordination and solubility equilibria in the selective precipitation
of Ln3+–metal complexes from multimetal non-water
solutions. Specifically, for a 1:1 Nd/Dy mixture, a selective and
fast precipitation of the Dy complex occurred in acetone with the
Trensalp-OMe ligand at room temperature,
with a concomitant enrichment of Nd in the solution phase. In acetone,
complexes of Nd and Dy with Trensalp-OMe were characterized by very similar formation constants of 7.0(2)
and 7.3(2), respectively. From the structural analysis of an array
of Dy and Nd complexes with TrensalR ligands, we showed
that Dy invariably provided complexes with coordination number (cn)
of 7, whereas the larger Nd experienced an expansion of the coordination
sphere by recruiting additional solvent molecules and giving a cn
of >7. The significant structural differences have been identified
as the main premises upon which a suitable separation strategy can
be devised with these kind of ligands, as well as other preorganized
polydentate ligands that can exploit the small differences in Ln3+ coordination requirements. Heptadentate
TrensalR-based ligands were complexed
with Dy3+ and Nd3+ cations. Dy compounds exhibited
an invariable coordination number of 7. Nd complexes presented a coordination
number of ≥8, with the metal having additional solvent or water
molecules in the coordination sphere. The ligand Trensalp-OMe led to a selective precipitation of the
Dy complex in acetone, with a concomitant enrichment of Nd in the
solution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Falco
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Neri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Melegari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Baraldi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Bonfant
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Serpe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR) and Research Unit of INSTM, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.,Environmental Geology and Geoengineering Institute of the National Research Council (IGAG-CNR), Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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6
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Prusty S, Pradhan S, Mishra S. Analysis of Extraction behavior of Nd (III), Sm (III) and Eu (III) from EDTA solution using [TOA-D2] in kerosene: Thermophysical properties, Process parameters and Extraction mechanism. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Wang G, Xing Z, Zhang X, Liu F, Zhang Q. Thermodynamic, excess Properties and Intermolecular interactions of ionic liquid 1- Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium thiocyanate and propylene carbonate mixtures. J SOLUTION CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-022-01154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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A one-pot process based on P44414Cl-HCl aqueous biphasic system for recovering rare earth elements from NdFeB permanent magnet. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Zhang X, Feng S, Su M, Zhu Y, Zhang Q. Thermodynamic and structural properties of the ionic liquid binary system of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate and methanol. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1974876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Sihan Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingming Su
- Import and Export Food Safety Department, Dalian Customs District P. R. C, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingguo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
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10
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Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are becoming more and more significant as they play crucial roles in many advanced technologies. Therefore, the development of optimized processes for their recovery, whether from primary resources or from secondary sources, has become necessary, including recovery from mine tailings, recycling of end-of-life products and urban and industrial waste. Ionic solvents, including ionic liquids (ILs) and deep-eutectic solvents (DESs), have attracted much attention since they represent an alternative to conventional processes for metal recovery. These systems are used as reactive agents in leaching and extraction processes. The most significant studies reported in the last decade regarding the recovery of REEs are presented in this review.
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11
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Salt-solvent mixtures (SSMs): Investigation of physiochemical, thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of multifunctional imidazolium ionic liquids with DMSO. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Fazil S, Menaa F, Liaqat K, Khan MH, Rehman W, Khan MM, Siraj Ul Haq, Sajid M, Farooq M, Menaa B, Hafeez M. Synergistic Extraction of Europium (III) using Di-n-Butylsulfoxide and PicrolonicAcid. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:861-869. [PMID: 33568027 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210210105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Europium (Eu(III))isa rare-earth metal, the softest, least dense, and most volatile member of lanthanides. It is greatly applied in control rods of nuclear reactors. Although various extraction methods of Eu(III)have been reported, we present a novel mixture ofeasily available extractants in optimizedexperimental conditions to extract it efficiently, quickly, and cost-effectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physical-chemical conditions (e.g. pH, equilibration time, temperature, europium concentration, extractants concentration, presence of specific metal ions) were optimized. The extractantspicrolonic acid (HPA) and di-n-butylsulfoxide (DBSO) were thoroughly mixed at equal concentrationin chloroform. Standard Eu(III) solution was used for method accuracy.Reagent blank was prepared under identical conditions but without metal ions.Using the metallochromic dye arsenazoIII as blank, absorbance of Eu(III) was measured spectrophotometricallyat 651 nm. Distribution ratio (i.e.Eu(III) concentration in aqueous phase before and after extraction) defined the extraction yield. RESULTS HPA/DBSO mixture (0.01 M)had a synergistic effect on Eu(III) extraction (1.19×10-5 mole/dm3) achieving a maximum yield (≥99%) at pH2, during 5 minutes equilibration,atroom temperature.Eu(III) extraction was reduced depending on the nature but not on the metal ions concentration. Extractants could be recycled four times without consequent degradation. Deionized water (dH2O) was the best strippantbesides its availability and low-cost. The composition of the extracted adduct was defined as Eu(PA)3.2DBSO. CONCLUSION This alternative method was stable, simple, rapid, cost-effective, reliable, accurate and sensitive.It could be used forEu(III) extraction and refining on a pilot plant scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srosh Fazil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir. Pakistan
| | - Farid Menaa
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA. United States
| | - Khurram Liaqat
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haleem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad. Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Mansoob Khan
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410. Brunei Darussalam
| | - Siraj Ul Haq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- 6Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Physics, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK. Pakistan
| | - Bouzid Menaa
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA. United States
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad . Pakistan
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13
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Okamura H, Hirayama N. Recent Progress in Ionic Liquid Extraction for the Separation of Rare Earth Elements. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:119-130. [PMID: 33100311 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20sar11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in solvent extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) using an ionic liquid (IL) as the extraction solvent. These IL extraction systems are advantageous owing to the affinity of ILs for both charged and neutral hydrophobic species, in contrast to conventional organic solvent extraction systems. Herein, REE extraction studies using ILs are detailed and classified based on the type of extraction system, namely extraction using anionic ligands, extraction using neutral ligands, synergistic extraction, extraction without extractants, and a specific system using task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs). In IL extraction systems, the extracted complexes are often different from those in organic solvent systems, and the REE extraction and separation efficiencies are often significantly enhanced. Synergistic IL extraction is an effective approach to improving the extractability and separability of REEs. The development of novel TSILs suitable for IL extraction systems is also effective for REE separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Okamura
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Naoki Hirayama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan
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14
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Anand A, Singh R. Synthesis of Rare Earth Compounds from Phosphor Coating of Spent Fluorescent Lamps. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2020.1754240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Anand
- School of Minerals, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT (BHU)-Varanasi-221005, U.P., India
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15
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Tang N, Wang Y, Liu M, Liu L, Yin C, Yang X, Wang S. Ionic liquid as adjuvant in an aqueous biphasic system composed of polyethylene glycol for green separation of Pd(II) from hydrochloric solution. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Asadollahzadeh M, Torkaman R, Torab-Mostaedi M. Continuous Extraction of Europium(III) by Ionic Liquid in the Rotating Disk Column with an Asymmetrical Structure Aimed at the Evaluation of Reactive Mass Transfer. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18700-18709. [PMID: 32775872 PMCID: PMC7407552 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the features of the solvent extraction technique were investigated to explore the potential of ionic liquid for extracting Eu(III) from aqueous solution. The transport process between the aqueous and organic phase was carried out in the rotating disk column with an asymmetrical structure and a continuous mode of operation. The utilization of Cyphos IL 104 as an ionic liquid in comparison with Cyanex272 extractant was evaluated for the extraction abilities in the recovering of Eu(III) under different conditions, including agitation speed, inlet aqueous, and solvent phase velocities. The degree of extraction and the mass-transfer rate were best when the agitation speed and the superficial velocities of aqueous and solvent phases were adjusted to 690 rpm, 0.831 mm/s, and 1.385 mm/s, respectively. The better efficiency was achieved using the ionic liquid with 0.02 mol/L concentration, 96.52% Eu(III) extraction in comparison to the same condition without the presence of ionic liquids with Cyanex272 (0.5 mol/L, 99.66%). With the analysis of the data, it was noted that the increase in the operating parameters has a positive influence on the holdup, degree of extraction, and mass-transfer rates. The percentage increase equal to 33.57% for overall mass-transfer coefficients was obtained with the increment of mixing in the column. The results showed that the mass transfer is associated with reactive resistance. The previous correlation did not explain the behavior of the system correctly in the reactive mode. Finally, the empirical models using the Sherwood number were developed to correlate the mass-transfer coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Asadollahzadeh
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research
School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research
Institute, P.O. Box 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Torkaman
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research
School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research
Institute, P.O. Box 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Torab-Mostaedi
- Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research
School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research
Institute, P.O. Box 11365-8486, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Riaño S, Sobekova Foltova S, Binnemans K. Separation of neodymium and dysprosium by solvent extraction using ionic liquids combined with neutral extractants: batch and mixer-settler experiments. RSC Adv 2019; 10:307-316. [PMID: 35492521 PMCID: PMC9047729 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A solvent extraction method based on the combination of the ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium thiocyanate or nitrate ([C101][SCN], [C101][NO3]) and the neutral extractants Cyanex 923 or tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) has been investigated for the separation of Nd(iii) and Dy(iii) from chloride media. High distribution ratios and separation factors were obtained when using Cyanex 923 diluted in [C101][SCN] 40 : 60 (wt%) and extracting from chloride media. The addition of Cyanex 923 to the ionic liquid has four advantages: (1) increase in the distribution ratios of the rare earths, (2) decrease of the viscosity of the organic phase, hence an improved mass transfer, (3) increase in the loading capacity of the ionic liquid and (4) improvement of the coalescence and phase disengagement, which is of importance when carrying out separations in continuous mode. Different extraction parameters were optimized: concentration of Cyanex 923, chloride concentration in the aqueous phase, equilibration time, pH of the aqueous phase, type of scrubbing and stripping agents. The ionic liquid combined with Cyanex 923 was recycled up to three times without losing its extraction efficiency. McCabe-Thiele diagrams were constructed to determine the number of stages needed for the separation of Nd(iii) and Dy(iii). Stripping of Dy(iii) from the organic phase was easily achieved with water. The feasibility to run this process in continuous mode was tested in a battery of small mixer-settlers (0.12 L and 0.48 L effective volume in the mixer and the settler, respectively). As a result, this process constitutes a novel and scalable alternative for the separation of Nd(iii) and Dy(iii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Riaño
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P. O. Box 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Simona Sobekova Foltova
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P. O. Box 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Binnemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P. O. Box 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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