1
|
Sun F, Wang L, Gao T, Zhong Y, Ren K. Enhanced Fire Safety of Energy-Saving Foam by Self-Cleavage CO 2 Pre-Combustion and Phosphorus Release Post-Combustion. Molecules 2024; 29:3708. [PMID: 39125111 PMCID: PMC11314537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is widely utilized in construction and rail transportation due to its lightweight properties and low thermal conductivity, contributing to energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the inherent flammability of RPUF presents significant challenges. Delaying the time to ignition and preventing flame spread post-combustion is crucial for ensuring sufficient evacuation time in the event of a fire. Based on this principle, this study explores the efficacy of using potassium salts as a catalyst to promote the self-cleavage of RPUF, generating substantial amounts of CO2, thereby reducing the local oxygen concentration and delaying ignition. Additionally, the inclusion of a reactive flame retardant (DFD) facilitates the release of phosphorus-oxygen free radicals during combustion, disrupting the combustion chain reaction and thus mitigating flame propagation. Moreover, potassium salt-induced catalytic carbonization and phosphorus derivative cross-linking enhance the condensed phase flame retardancy. Consequently, the combined application of potassium salts and DFD increases the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and reduces both peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR). Importantly, the incorporation of these additives does not compromise the compressive strength or thermal insulation performance of RPUF. This integrated approach offers a new and effective strategy for the development of flame retardant RPUF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Lijun Wang
- Clinical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.W.); (T.G.)
| | - Tiantian Gao
- Clinical College, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (L.W.); (T.G.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Kefa Ren
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610051, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu CH, Chang C, Huang YC, You JX, Liang M. Synthesis and Characterization of DOPO-Containing Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s by Oxidative Coupling Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:303. [PMID: 38276710 PMCID: PMC10818327 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A set of polyphenylene oxides incorporating DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide) functionality, denoted as DOPO-R-PPO, was synthesized by copolymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol (2,6-DMP) with various DOPO-substituted tetramethyl bisphenol monomers. In the initial step, a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction was employed to react 2,6-DMP with different acyl chlorides, leading to the formation of ketone derivatives substituted with 2,6-dimethylphenyl groups. Subsequently, the ketones, along with DOPO and 2,6-DMP, underwent a condensation reaction to yield a series of DOPO-substituted bisphenol derivatives. Finally, polymerizations of 2,6-dimethylphenol with these DOPO-substituted bisphenols were carried out in organic solvents using copper(I) bromide/N-butyldimethylamine catalysts (CuBr/DMBA) under a continuous flow of oxygen, yielding telechelic PPO oligomers with DOPO moieties incorporated into the polymer backbone. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). When compared to conventional poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s with a similar molecular weight range, all DOPO-PPOs exhibited higher glass transition temperatures, enhanced thermal degradability, and increased char yield formation at 800 °C without compromising solubility in organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mong Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.C.); (Y.-C.H.); (J.-X.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Y, Geng Z, Zhang W, He J, Yang R. Strategy for Constructing Phosphorus-Based Flame-Retarded Polyurethane Elastomers for Advanced Performance in Long-Term. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3711. [PMID: 37765565 PMCID: PMC10537912 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane elastomer (PUE), which is widely used in coatings for construction, transportation, electronics, aerospace, and other fields, has excellent physical properties. However, polyurethane elastomers are flammable, which limits their daily use, so the flame retardancy of polyurethane elastomers is very important. Reactive flame retardants have the advantages of little influence on the physical properties of polymers and low tendency to migrate out. Due to the remarkable needs of non-halogenated flame retardants, phosphorus flame retardant has gradually stood out as the main alternative. In this review, we focus on the fire safety of PUE and provide a detailed overview of the current molecular design and mechanisms of reactive phosphorus-containing, as well as P-N synergistic, flame retardants in PUE. From the structural characteristics, several basic aspects of PUE are overviewed, including thermal performance, combustion performance, and mechanical properties. In addition, the perspectives on the future advancement of phosphorus-containing flame-retarded polyurethane elastomers (PUE) are also discussed. Based on the past research, this study provides prospects for the application of flame-retarded PUE in the fields of self-healing materials, bio-based materials, wearable electronic devices, and solid-state electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhishuai Geng
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun Y, Xu J, Long L, Gong J, Chen M, Liu R. A novel self-wrinkled polyurethane-acrylate wood coating with self-matting, anti-fingerprint performance and skin-tactile feeling via excimer lamp/UV curing. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7300-7311. [PMID: 36891486 PMCID: PMC9987415 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01220d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wrinkled surfaces exist widely in nature and organic living world, such as plants, insects, and skin. The optical, wettability and mechanical properties of materials can be enhanced by artificially preparing regular microstructure on the surface of materials. In this study, a novel self-wrinkled polyurethane-acrylate (PUA) wood coating with self-matting, anti-fingerprint performance and skin-tactile feeling curing by excimer lamp (EX) and ultraviolet (UV) was prepared. The wrinkles were formed on the surface of PUA coating at microscopic level after excimer and UV mercury lamp irradiation. The width and height of the wrinkles on the coating surface can be controlled to adjust the coating performance by changing the curing energy. When the PUA coating samples were cured by excimer lamp and UV mercury lamp with curing energy of 25-40 mJ cm-2 and 250-350 mJ cm-2, the excellent coating performances were observed. The gloss value of self-wrinkled PUA coating at 20° and 60° were less than 3 GU, while at 85° was 6.5 GU, which satisfied the demanding of matting coating. Besides, the fingerprints on the coating samples could disappear in 30 s and could still have anti-fingerprint performance after 150 times of anti-fingerprint tests. Furthermore, the pencil hardness, abrasion quantity and adhesion of self-wrinkled PUA coating were 3H, 0.045 g and 0 grade respectively. Finally, the self-wrinkled PUA coating has excellent skin-tactile feeling for touching. The coating can be applied to wood substrates, and has potential application in the field of wood-based panels, furniture and leather.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Sun
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Haidian 100091 Beijing China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Haidian 100091 Beijing China
| | - Ling Long
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Haidian 100091 Beijing China
| | - Jingya Gong
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Haidian 100091 Beijing China
| | - Minggui Chen
- Jiangsu Haitian Technology Co., Ltd Jurong 212400 Nanjing China
| | - Ru Liu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Haidian 100091 Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma G, Wang Q, Ye J, He L, Guo L, Li X, Qiu T, Tuo X. The Multi-Step Chain Extension for Waterborne Polyurethane Binder of Para-Aramid Fabrics. Molecules 2022; 27:7588. [PMID: 36364417 PMCID: PMC9656495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive balance of the mechanical, interfacial, and environmental requirements of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has proved challenging, but crucial in the specific application as the binder for high-performance polymer fiber composites. In this work, a multi-step chain extension (MCE) method was demonstrated using three kinds of small extenders and one kind of macro-chain extender (CE) for different chain extension steps. One dihydroxyl blocked small molecular urea (1,3-dimethylolurea, DMU) was applied as one of the CEs and, through the hybrid macrodiol/diamine systems of polyether, polyester, and polysiloxane, the WPU was developed by the step-by-step optimization on each chain extending reaction via the characterization on the H-bonding association, microphase separation, and mechanical properties. The best performance was achieved when the ratio of polyether/polyester was controlled at 6:4, while 2% of DMU and 1% of polysiloxane diamine was incorporated in the third and fourth chain extension steps, respectively. Under the condition, the WPU exhibited not only excellent tensile strength of 30 MPa, elongation of break of about 1300%, and hydrophobicity indicated by the water contact angle of 98°, but also effective interfacial adhesion to para-aramid fabrics. The peeling strength of the joint based on the polysiloxane incorporated WPU after four steps of chain extension was 430% higher than that prepared through only two steps of chain extension. Moreover, about 44% of the peeling strength was sustained after the joint had been boiling for 40 min in water, suggesting the potential application for high-performance fabric composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qianshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lifan He
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longhai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Teng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Synthesis and Application of Waterborne Polymer, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinlin Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferraro V, Castro J, Agostinis L, Bortoluzzi M. Dual-emitting Mn(II) and Zn(II) halide complexes with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide as ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
7
|
Meng Y, Gao Y, Li J, Liu J, Wang X, Yu F, Wang T, Gao K, Zhang Z. Preparation and characterization of cross-linked waterborne acrylic /PTFE composite coating with good hydrophobicity and anticorrosion properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Synthesis of sugar gourd-like metal organic framework-derived hollow nanocages nickel molybdate@cobalt-nickel layered double hydroxide for flame retardant polyurea. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:234-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
9
|
A facile method to prepare high-performance thermal insulation and flame retardant materials from amine-linked porous organic polymers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
10
|
Qian X, Liu Q, Zhang L, Li H, Liu J, Yan S. Synthesis of Reactive DOPO-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Rigid Polyisocyanurate-Polyurethane Foam. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Sun Q, Shen Y, Wei J, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Song X. Antiflaming poly(L‐lactide) by synthesizing polyurethane with phosphorus and nitrogen. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yueshi Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Junge Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Baochang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
- Office of Academic Studies Guangdong Industry Polytechnic Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaofeng Song
- School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seraji SM, Gan H, Swan SR, Varley RJ. Phosphazene as an effective flame retardant for rapid curing epoxy resins. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Vasiljević J, Štular D, Kalčíková G, Zajc J, Šobak M, Demšar A, Tomšič B, Simončič B, Čolović M, Šelih VS, Jerman I. New Insights into Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties, Cytotoxicity and Aquatic Ecotoxicity of Flame Retardant PA6/DOPO-Derivative Nanocomposite Textile Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:905. [PMID: 33804277 PMCID: PMC7998799 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity, cytotoxicity, leaching, and ecotoxicity of novel flame retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) textile fibers developed by our research group. The textile fibers were produced by the incorporation of flame-retardant bridged 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivative (PHED) in the PA6 matrix during the in situ polymerization process at concentrations equal to 10 and 15 wt% (PA6/10PHED and PA6/15PHED, respectively). Whilst the nanodispersed PHED provided highly efficient flame retardancy, its biological activity led to excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as excellent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results confirmed leaching of the PHED, but the tested leachates did not cause any measurable toxic effect to the duckweed Lemna minor. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the leached PHED from the PA6/15PHED sample was confirmed for human cells from adipose tissue in direct and prolonged contact. The targeted biological activity of the organophosphinate flame retardant could be beneficial for the development of PA6 textile materials with multifunctional properties and the low ecotoxicity profile, while the PHED's leaching and cytotoxicity limit their application involving the washing processes and direct contact with the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vasiljević
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (B.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Danaja Štular
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (M.Š.); (M.Č.); (V.S.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Janja Zajc
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Matic Šobak
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (M.Š.); (M.Č.); (V.S.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Andrej Demšar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (B.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Brigita Tomšič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (B.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Barbara Simončič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.D.); (B.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Marija Čolović
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (M.Š.); (M.Č.); (V.S.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Vid Simon Šelih
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (M.Š.); (M.Č.); (V.S.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.Š.); (M.Š.); (M.Č.); (V.S.Š.); (I.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of innovative aromatic phosphorus containing flame-retardant polyols on rigid polyurethane foams. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
15
|
|
16
|
Wang H, Wang S, Du X, Du Z, Wang H, Cheng X. A novel
DOPO
‐containing
HTBN
endowing waterborne polyurethane with excellent flame retardance and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A highly-effective ionic liquid flame retardant towards fire-safety waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with excellent comprehensive performance. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Wang H, Du X, Wang S, Du Z, Wang H, Cheng X. Improving the flame retardancy of waterborne polyurethanes based on the synergistic effect of P-N flame retardants and a Schiff base. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12078-12088. [PMID: 35496638 PMCID: PMC9050904 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared. The chemical structures of HEPCP and flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane (WPU) (FR-WPU) were characterized via31P, 1H NMR and FT-IR. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that HEPCP exhibited excellent thermal stability and produced rich char residue under high temperature compared with the control sample. The Schiff base and cyclotriphosphazene had a synergistic effect on the WPU. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of up to 26.7% were recorded; the dripping behavior was simultaneously improved and achieved a V-1 rating in the UL-94 test by incorporating 0.5 wt% phosphorus. In contrast to the pure WPU, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the FR-WPU/HEPCP5 decreased by 43.8%. The char residues increased from 0.63% to 6.96%, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a relatively continuous and membranous substance, with few holes. The results of TGA-FIR, Py-GC/MS and SEM indicated that HEPCP displayed a fire-retardant mechanism in the condensed-phase. In addition, the thermomechanical behaviors and the mechanical properties indicated that both mechanical properties and Tgh increased. A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vasiljević J, Čolović M, Čelan Korošin N, Šobak M, Štirn Ž, Jerman I. Effect of Different Flame-Retardant Bridged DOPO Derivatives on Properties of in Situ Produced Fiber-Forming Polyamide 6. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E657. [PMID: 32183128 PMCID: PMC7183073 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of sustainable and effective flame retardant (FR) polyamide 6 (PA6) fibrous materials requires the establishment of a novel approach for the production of polyamide 6/FR nanodispersed systems. This research work explores the influence of three different flame-retardant bridged 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivatives on the comprehensive properties of in situ produced PA6/FR systems. To this end, in situ water-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactam was conducted in the presence of three different bridged DOPO derivatives, e.g., one P-N bond phosphonamidate derivative and two P-C bond phosphinate derivatives. The selected bridged DOPO derivatives mainly act in the gas phase at the temperatures that relatively match the PA6 pyrolysis specifics. The effects of the FRs on the dispersion state, morphological, molecular, structural, melt-rheological, and thermal properties of the in situ synthesized PA6 were evaluated. The specific advantage of this approach is one-step production of PA6 with uniformly distributed nanodispersed FR, which was obtained in the case of all three applied FRs. However, the applied FRs differently interacted with monomer and polymer during the polymerization, which was reflected in the length of PA6 chains, crystalline structure, and melt-rheological properties. The applied FRs provided a comparable effect on the thermal stability of PA6 and stabilization of the PA6/FR systems above 450 °C in the oxygen-assisted pyrolysis. However, only with the specifically designed FR molecule were the comprehensive properties of the fiber-forming PA6 satisfied for the continuous conduction of the melt-spinning process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vasiljević
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Čolović
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Š.); (Ž.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Nataša Čelan Korošin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Matic Šobak
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Š.); (Ž.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Žiga Štirn
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Š.); (Ž.Š.); (I.J.)
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Š.); (Ž.Š.); (I.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Xiao T. The Preparation, Thermal Properties, and Fire Property of a Phosphorus-Containing Flame-Retardant Styrene Copolymer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E127. [PMID: 31892108 PMCID: PMC6981446 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) acrylate, (6-oxidodibenzo [c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinin-6-yl) methyl acrylate (DOPOAA), has been prepared. Copolymers of styrene (St) and DOPOAA were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The chemical structures of copolymers containing levels of DOPOAA were verified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties and flame-retardant behaviors of DOPO-containing monomers and copolymers were observed using thermogravimetric analysis and micro calorimetry tests. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found out that the T5% for decomposition of the copolymer was lower than that of polystyrene (PS), but the residue at 700 °C was higher than that of PS. The results from micro calorimetry (MCC) tests indicated that the rate for the heat release of the copolymer combustion was lower than that for PS. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) for combustion of the copolymer rose with increasing levels of DOPOAA. These data indicate that copolymerization of the phosphorus-containing flame-retardant monomer, DOPOAA, into a PS segment can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the copolymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.)
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar 161006, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.)
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Tianyuan Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang S, Du X, Fu X, Du Z, Wang H, Cheng X. Highly effective flame‐retarded polyester diol with synergistic effects for waterborne polyurethane application. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xihan Fu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of EducationSichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|