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Kőrösi M, Kántor P, Bana P, Székely E. Continuous Stripping with Dense Carbon Dioxide. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46757-46762. [PMID: 38107946 PMCID: PMC10719994 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The integration of flow chemistry into continuous manufacturing requires efficient, controllable, and continuous methods for the concentration of diluted solutions on relatively small scales. The design and application examples of a new continuous solvent removal process are presented. The continuous stripping method employing dense carbon dioxide is based on the formation of homogeneous mixtures of dilute organic solutions of the target molecules with a large excess of carbon dioxide at temperatures as low as 35 °C and pressures around 10 MPa. Subsequent pressure reduction results in the quick release of carbon dioxide and vaporization of a significant fraction of the organic solvent. The concentration of the solute in the separated liquid phase can be up to 40 times higher than in the feed. Among the many controllable process parameters, the most significant ones are the mass-flow rate ratio of carbon dioxide to the feed and the temperature of the phase separator. By careful setting of the operational parameters, the degree of concentration enhancement may be accurately controlled. The new apparatus-despite consisting of laboratory equipment and being built in a fume hood-could easily support pilot-scale synthetic flow chemistry, being a continuous, efficient alternative to thermal concentration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Kőrösi
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Petra Kántor
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
| | - Péter Bana
- Richter
Gedeon NyRt., Gyömrői út 19-21, Budapest H-1103, Hungary
| | - Edit Székely
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Budapest H-1111, Hungary
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2
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Lei Z, Ang HT, Wu J. Advanced In-Line Purification Technologies in Multistep Continuous Flow Pharmaceutical Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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An eco-friendly and very low catalyst loading continuous condensation of primary amines and 1,3 Di carbonyl compounds: Synthesis of enaminones and enaminoesters by microreactor technology. J Flow Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-023-00263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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4
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Palladium complexes bearing calixpyrrole ligands with pendant hydrogen bond donors: Synthesis, structural characterization, electrochemistry and dihydrogen evolution. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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5
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Burange AS, Osman SM, Luque R. Understanding flow chemistry for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients. iScience 2022; 25:103892. [PMID: 35243250 PMCID: PMC8867129 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-step organic syntheses of various drugs, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and other pharmaceutically and agriculturally important compounds have already been reported using flow synthesis. Compared to batch, hazardous and reactive reagents can be handled safely in flow. This review discusses the pros and cons of flow chemistry in today’s scenario and recent developments in flow devices. The review majorly emphasizes on the recent developments in the flow synthesis of pharmaceutically important products in last five years including flibanserin, imatinib, buclizine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, meclizine, ribociclib, celecoxib, SC-560 and mavacoxib, efavirenz, fluconazole, melitracen HCl, rasagiline, tamsulosin, valsartan, and hydroxychloroquine. Critical steps and new development in the flow synthesis of selected compounds are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand S. Burange
- Department of Chemistry, Wilson College, Chowpatty, Mumbai 400007, India
- Corresponding author
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014 Cordoba, Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 107198 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author
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6
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Cheng K, Lu S, Wang K, Luo G. Green and sustainable synthesis of poly(δ-valerolactone) with a TBD catalyzed ring-opening polymerization reaction. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00434d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A green and sustainable method is proposed for the TBD catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shiyao Lu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Makeiff D, Cho J, Godbert N, Smith B, Azyat K, Wagner A, Kulka M, Carlini R. Supramolecular gels from alkylated benzimidazolone derivatives. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Thomson CG, Banks C, Allen M, Barker G, Coxon CR, Lee AL, Vilela F. Expanding the Tool Kit of Automated Flow Synthesis: Development of In-line Flash Chromatography Purification. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14079-14094. [PMID: 34270260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in in-line extraction and purification technology have enabled complex multistep synthesis in continuous flow reactor systems. However, for the large scope of chemical reactions that yield mixtures of products or residual starting materials, off-line purification is still required to isolate the desired compound. We present the in-line integration of a commercial automated flash chromatography system with a flow reactor for the continuous synthesis and isolation of product(s). A proof-of-principle study was performed to validate the system and test the durability of the column cartridges, performing an automated sequence of 100 runs over 2 days. Three diverse reaction systems that highlight the advantages of flow synthesis were successfully applied with in-line normal- or reversed-phase flash chromatography, continuously isolating products with 97-99% purity. Productivity of up to 9.9 mmol/h was achieved, isolating gram quantities of pure product from a feed of crude reaction mixture. Herein, we describe the development and optimization of the systems and suggest guidelines for selecting reactions well suited to in-line flash chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Thomson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Banks
- Cheshire Sciences (UK) Limited, Kao Hockham Building, Edinburgh Way, Harlow, Essex, England CM20 2NQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Allen
- Advion (UK) Limited, Kao Hockham Building, Edinburgh Way, Harlow, Essex, England CM20 2NQ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.,Continuum Flow Lab, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R Coxon
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Vilela
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.,Continuum Flow Lab, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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9
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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10
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Domokos A, Nagy B, Szilágyi B, Marosi G, Nagy ZK. Integrated Continuous Pharmaceutical Technologies—A Review. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- András Domokos
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Szilágyi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Marosi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Ayothiraman R, Gangu AS, Bandaru D, Guturi SK, Lakshminarasimhan T, Jaleel M, Kanagavel K, Rangaswamy S, Cuniere NL, Zaretsky S, Camacho K, Eastgate MD, Vaidyanathan R. Two Approaches to a Trifluoromethyl Triazole: A Fit-for-Purpose Trifluoromethylation in Flow-Mode and a Long-Term Decarboxylative Click Approach. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Ayothiraman
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Aravind S. Gangu
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Durgarao Bandaru
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Siva Krishna Guturi
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Thirumalai Lakshminarasimhan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Mohamed Jaleel
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Kishorekumar Kanagavel
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Sundaramurthy Rangaswamy
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Nicolas L. Cuniere
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Serge Zaretsky
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Kathryn Camacho
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Rajappa Vaidyanathan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bengaluru 560099, India
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12
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Fülöp Z, Szemesi P, Bana P, Éles J, Greiner I. Evolution of flow-oriented design strategies in the continuous preparation of pharmaceuticals. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the flow-oriented design (FOD) in the multi-step continuous-flow synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Fülöp
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- 1521 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Péter Szemesi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics
- 1521 Budapest
- Hungary
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13
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Bloemendal VRLJ, Janssen MACH, van Hest JCM, Rutjes FPJT. Continuous one-flow multi-step synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights a selection of multistep continuous flow (one-flow) processes leading to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Bio-organic chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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14
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Ötvös SB, Pericàs MA, Kappe CO. Multigram-scale flow synthesis of the chiral key intermediate of (-)-paroxetine enabled by solvent-free heterogeneous organocatalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11141-11146. [PMID: 32206263 PMCID: PMC7069365 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of the chiral key intermediate of the antidepressant (-)-paroxetine is demonstrated as a continuous flow process on multi-gram scale. The critical step is a solvent-free organocatalytic conjugate addition followed by a telescoped reductive amination-lactamization-amide/ester reduction sequence. Due to the efficient heterogeneous catalysts and the solvent-free or highly concentrated conditions applied, the flow method offers key advances in terms of productivity and sustainability compared to earlier batch approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Graz , NAWI Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28 , A-8010 Graz , Austria .
| | - Miquel A Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Av. Països Catalans 16 , E-43007 Tarragona , Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Graz , NAWI Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28 , A-8010 Graz , Austria .
- Center for Continuous Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) , Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) , Inffeldgasse 13 , A-8010 Graz , Austria .
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15
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Bennett JA, Campbell ZS, Abolhasani M. Role of continuous flow processes in green manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Mostarda S, Gür Maz T, Piccinno A, Cerra B, Banoglu E. Optimisation by Design of Experiment of Benzimidazol-2-One Synthesis under Flow Conditions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132447. [PMID: 31277341 PMCID: PMC6651037 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel flow-based approach for the preparation of benzimidazol-2-one (1) scaffold by the 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)-promoted cyclocarbonylation of o-phenylenediamine (2) is reported. Starting from a preliminary batch screening, the model reaction was successfully translated under flow conditions and optimised by means of design of experiment (DoE). The method allowed the efficient preparation of this privileged scaffold and to set up a general protocol for the multigram-scale preparation in high yield, purity, and productivity, and was successfully applied for the multigram flow synthesis of N-(2-chlorobenzyl)-5-cyano-benzimidazol-2-one, which is a key synthon for hit-to-lead explorations in our anti-inflammatory drug discovery program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mostarda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Current affiliation: Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tugçe Gür Maz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Piccinno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Cerra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
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