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Galitz A, Vargas S, Thomas OP, Reddy MM, Wörheide G, Erpenbeck D. Genomics of Terpene Biosynthesis in Dictyoceratid Sponges (Porifera) - What Do We (Not) Know? Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400549. [PMID: 39177427 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Sponges are recognized as promising sources for novel bioactive metabolites. Among them are terpenoid metabolites that constitute key biochemical defense mechanisms in several sponge taxa. Despite their significance, the genetic basis for terpenoid biosynthesis in sponges remains poorly understood. Dictyoceratida comprise demosponges well-known for their bioactive terpenoids. In this study, we explored the currently available genomic data for insights into the metabolic pathways of dictyoceratid terpenoids. We first identified prenyltransferase (PT) and terpene cyclase (TC) enzymes essential for the terpenoid biosynthetic processes in the terrestrial realm by analyzing available transcriptomic and genomic data of Dictyoceratida sponges and 10 other sponge species. All Dictyoceratida sponges displayed various PTs involved in either sesqui- or diterpene, steroid and carotenoid production. Additionally, it was possible to identify a potential candidate for a dictyoceratid sesterterpene PT. However, analogs of common terrestrial TCs were absent, suggesting the existence of a distinct or convergently evolved sponge-specific TC. Our study aims to contribute to the foundational understanding of terpene biosynthesis in sponges, unveiling the currently evident genetic components for terpenoid production in species not previously studied. Simultaneously, it aims to identify the known and unknown factors, as a starting point for biochemical and genetic investigations in sponge terpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Galitz
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergio Vargas
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, H91TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maggie M Reddy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, H91TK33, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, 7701, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
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Abe T, Shiratori H, Kashiwazaki K, Hiasa K, Ueda D, Taniguchi T, Sato H, Abe T, Sato T. Structural-model-based genome mining can efficiently discover novel non-canonical terpene synthases hidden in genomes of diverse species. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10402-10407. [PMID: 38994432 PMCID: PMC11234867 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical terpene synthases (TPSs) with primary sequences that are unrecognizable as canonical TPSs have evaded detection by conventional genome mining. This study aimed to prove that novel non-canonical TPSs can be efficiently discovered from proteins, hidden in genome databases, predicted to have 3D structures similar to those of class I TPSs. Six types of non-canonical TPS candidates were detected using this search strategy from 268 genome sequences from actinomycetes. Functional analyses of these candidates revealed that at least three types were novel non-canonical TPSs. We propose classifying the non-canonical TPSs as classes ID, IE, and IF. A hypothetical protein MBB6373681 from Pseudonocardia eucalypti (PeuTPS) was selected as a representative example of class ID TPSs and characterized. PeuTPS was identified as a diterpene synthase that forms a 6/6/6-fused tricyclic gersemiane skeleton. Analyses of PeuTPS variants revealed that amino acid residues within new motifs [D(N/D), ND, and RXXKD] located close to the class I active site in the 3D structure were essential for enzymatic activity. The homologs of non-canonical TPSs found in this study exist in bacteria as well as in fungi, protists, and plants, and the PeuTPS gene is not located near terpene biosynthetic genes in the genome. Therefore, structural-model-based genome mining is an efficient strategy to search for novel non-canonical TPSs that are independent of biological species and biosynthetic gene clusters and will contribute to expanding the structural diversity of terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Abe
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Haruna Shiratori
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Kosuke Kashiwazaki
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Kazuma Hiasa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi 4-4-37 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan
| | - Daijiro Ueda
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Tohru Taniguchi
- Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University North 21 West 11 Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi 4-4-37 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
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Diab MK, Mead HM, Ahmad Khedr MM, Abu-Elsaoud AM, El-Shatoury SA. Actinomycetes are a natural resource for sustainable pest control and safeguarding agriculture. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:268. [PMID: 38762847 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Actinomycetes, a diverse group of bacteria with filamentous growth characteristics, have long captivated researchers and biochemists for their prolific production of secondary metabolites. Among the myriad roles played by actinomycete secondary metabolites, their historical significance in the field of biocontrol stands out prominently. The fascinating journey begins with the discovery of antibiotics, where renowned compounds like streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin revolutionized medicine and agriculture. The history of biocontrol traces its roots back to the early twentieth century, when scientists recognized the potential of naturally occurring agents to combat pests and diseases. The emergence of synthetic pesticides in the mid-twentieth century temporarily overshadowed interest in biocontrol. However, with growing environmental concerns and the realization of the negative ecological impacts of chemical pesticides, the pendulum swung back towards exploring sustainable alternatives. Beyond their historical role as antibiotics, actinomycete-produced secondary metabolites encompass a rich repertoire with biopesticide potential. The classification of these compounds based on chemical structure and mode of action is highlighted, demonstrating their versatility against both plant pathogens and insect pests. Additionally, this review provides in-depth insights into how endophytic actinomycete strains play a pivotal role in biocontrol strategies. Case studies elucidate their effectiveness in inhibiting Spodoptera spp. and nematodes through the production of bioactive compounds. By unraveling the multifunctional roles of endophytic actinomycetes, this review contributes compelling narrative knowledge to the field of sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the potential of these microbial allies in crafting effective, environmentally friendly biocontrol strategies for combating agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khaled Diab
- Agricultural Research Center, Pest Physiology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Hala Mohamed Mead
- Agricultural Research Center, Pest Physiology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamad M Ahmad Khedr
- Agricultural Research Center, Cotton Leafworm Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar Ahmed El-Shatoury
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Li M, Tao H. Enhancing structural diversity of terpenoids by multisubstrate terpene synthases. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:959-972. [PMID: 38711588 PMCID: PMC11070974 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are one of the largest class of natural products with diverse structures and activities. This enormous diversity is embedded in enzymes called terpene synthases (TSs), which generate diverse terpene skeletons via sophisticated cyclization cascades. In addition to the many highly selective TSs, there are many promiscuous TSs that accept multiple prenyl substrates, or even noncanonical ones, with 6, 7, 8, 11, and 16 carbon atoms, synthesized via chemical approaches, C-methyltransferases, or engineered lepidopteran mevalonate pathways. The substrate promiscuity of TSs not only expands the structural diversity of terpenes but also highlights their potential for the discovery of novel terpenoids via combinatorial biosynthesis. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on multisubstrate terpene synthases (MSTSs) and highlight their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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5
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Ueda D, Abe T, Fujihashi M, Sato T. Identification and functional/structural analyses of large terpene synthases. Methods Enzymol 2024; 699:477-512. [PMID: 38942515 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Large terpene synthases (large-TSs) are a new family of TSs. The first large-TS discovered was from Bacillus subtilis (BsuTS), which is involved in the biosynthesis of a C35 sesquarterpene. Large-TSs are the only enzymes that enable the biosynthesis of sesquarterpenes and do not share any sequence homology with canonical Class I and II TSs. Thus, the investigation of large-TSs is promising for expanding the chemical space in the terpene field. In this chapter, we describe the experimental methods used for identifying large-TSs, as well as their functional and structural analyses. Additionally, several enzymes related to the biosynthesis of large-TS substrates have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tohru Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujihashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan.
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Wei J, Yang Y, Peng Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu J, Wen B, Li M. Biosynthesis and the Transcriptional Regulation of Terpenoids in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086937. [PMID: 37108101 PMCID: PMC10138656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes, especially volatile terpenes, are important components of tea aroma due to their unique scents. They are also widely used in the cosmetic and medical industries. In addition, terpene emission can be induced by herbivory, wounding, light, low temperature, and other stress conditions, leading to plant defense responses and plant-plant interactions. The transcriptional levels of important core genes (including HMGR, DXS, and TPS) involved in terpenoid biosynthesis are up- or downregulated by the MYB, MYC, NAC, ERF, WRKY, and bHLH transcription factors. These regulators can bind to corresponding cis-elements in the promoter regions of the corresponding genes, and some of them interact with other transcription factors to form a complex. Recently, several key terpene synthesis genes and important transcription factors involved in terpene biosynthesis have been isolated and functionally identified from tea plants. In this work, we focus on the research progress on the transcriptional regulation of terpenes in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) and thoroughly detail the biosynthesis of terpene compounds, the terpene biosynthesis-related genes, the transcription factors involved in terpene biosynthesis, and their importance. Furthermore, we review the potential strategies used in studying the specific transcriptional regulation functions of candidate transcription factors that have been discriminated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Wei
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yun Yang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ye Peng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Beibei Wen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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T R, Sharma D, Lin F, Choong YK, Lim C, Jobichen C, Zhang C. Structural Understanding of Fungal Terpene Synthases for the Formation of Linear or Cyclic Terpene Products. ACS Catal 2023; 13:4949-4959. [PMID: 37066048 PMCID: PMC10088877 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs), known gatekeepers of terpenoid diversity, are the main targets for enzyme engineering attempts. To this end, we have determined the crystal structure of Agrocybe pediades linalool synthase (Ap.LS), which has been recently reported to be 44-fold and 287-fold more efficient than bacterial and plant counterparts, respectively. Structure-based molecular modeling followed by in vivo as well as in vitro tests confirmed that the region of 60-69aa and Tyr299 (adjacent to the motif "WxxxxxRY") are essential for maintaining Ap.LS specificity toward a short-chain (C10) acyclic product. Ap.LS Y299 mutants (Y299A, Y299C, Y299G, Y299Q, and Y299S) yielded long-chain (C15) linear or cyclic products. Molecular modeling based on the Ap.LS crystal structure indicated that farnesyl pyrophosphate in the binding pocket of Ap.LS Y299A has less torsion strain energy compared to the wild-type Ap.LS, which can be partially attributed to the larger space in Ap.LS Y299A for better accommodation of the longer chain (C15). Linalool/nerolidol synthase Y298 and humulene synthase Y302 mutations also produced C15 cyclic products similar to Ap.LS Y299 mutants. Beyond the three enzymes, our analysis confirmed that most microbial TPSs have asparagine at the position and produce mainly cyclized products (δ-cadinene, 1,8-cineole, epi-cubebol, germacrene D, β-barbatene, etc.). In contrast, those producing linear products (linalool and nerolidol) typically have a bulky tyrosine. The structural and functional analysis of an exceptionally selective linalool synthase, Ap.LS, presented in this work provides insights into factors that govern chain length (C10 or C15), water incorporation, and cyclization (cyclic vs acyclic) of terpenoid biosynthesis.
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Iwakata S, Asada K, Nishi T, Stepanova R, Shinoda S, Ueda D, Fujihashi M, Yasuno Y, Shinada T, Sato T. Insight into the mechanism of geranyl-β-phellandrene formation catalyzed by Class IB terpene synthases. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:724-729. [PMID: 35287170 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Terpene synthase (TS) from Bacillus alcalophilus (BalTS) is the only Class IB TS for which a 3D structure has been elucidated. Recently, geranyl-β-phellandrene, a novel cyclic diterpene, was identified as a product of BalTS in addition to the acyclic β-springene. In the present study, we have provided insight into the mechanism of geranyl-β-phellandrene formation. Deuterium labeling experiments revealed that the compound is produced via a 1,3-hydride shift. In addition, nonenzymatic reactions using divalent metal ions were performed. The enzyme is essential for the geranyl-β-phellandrene formation. Furthermore, BalTS variants targeting tyrosine residues enhanced the yield of geranyl-β-phellandrene and the proportion of the compound of the total products. It was suggested that the expansion of the active site space may allow the conformation of the intermediates necessary for cyclization. The present study describes the first Class IB TSs to successfully alter product profiles while retaining high enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Iwakata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuya Asada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rafaella Stepanova
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - So Shinoda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daijiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujihashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
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Houston DR, Hanna JG, Lathe JC, Hillier SG, Lathe R. Evidence that nuclear receptors are related to terpene synthases. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 68:153-166. [PMID: 35112668 PMCID: PMC8942334 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-activated nuclear receptors (NRs) orchestrate development, growth, and reproduction across all animal lifeforms - the Metazoa - but how NRs evolved remains mysterious. Given the NR ligands including steroids and retinoids are predominantly terpenoids, we asked whether NRs might have evolved from enzymes that catalyze terpene synthesis and metabolism. We provide evidence suggesting that NRs may be related to the terpene synthase (TS) enzyme superfamily. Based on over 10,000 3D structural comparisons, we report that the NR ligand-binding domain and TS enzymes share a conserved core of seven α-helical segments. In addition, the 3D locations of the major ligand-contacting residues are also conserved between the two protein classes. Primary sequence comparisons reveal suggestive similarities specifically between NRs and the subfamily of cis-isoprene transferases, notably with dehydrodolichyl pyrophosphate synthase and its obligate partner, NUS1/NOGOB receptor. Pharmacological overlaps between NRs and TS enzymes add weight to the contention that they share a distant evolutionary origin, and the combined data raise the possibility that a ligand-gated receptor may have arisen from an enzyme antecedent. However, our findings do not formally exclude other interpretations such as convergent evolution, and further analysis will be necessary to confirm the inferred relationship between the two protein classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Houston
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane G Hanna
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stephen G Hillier
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to S G Hillier or R Lathe: or
| | - Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to S G Hillier or R Lathe: or
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Qiao Y, Xu Q, Huang Z, Chen X, Ren X, Yuan W, Guan Z, Li P, Li F, Xiong C, Zhu H, Chen C, Gu LH, Zhou Y, Qi C, Hu Z, Liu J, Ye Y, Zhang Y. Genome Mining Reveals a New Cyclopentane-forming Sesterterpene Synthase with Unprecedented Stereo-control. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00983h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal bifunctional terpene synthases (BFTSs) catalyze formation of diverse ring systems in diterpene/sesterterpene structures. Through genome mining of fungal BFTSs, we discovered a novel sesterterpenoids gene cluster pst, consisting of...
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Zhang Y, Cui J, Hu H, Xue J, Yang J, Xu J. Integrated Four Comparative-Omics Reveals the Mechanism of the Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Two Different Overwintering Cryptomeria fortunei Phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:740755. [PMID: 34659308 PMCID: PMC8513690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cedar (Cryptomeria fortunei) is a tree species with important ornamental, medicinal, and economic value. Terpenoids extracted from the essential oil of C. fortunei needles have been considered valuable ingredients in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, the possible gene regulation mechanisms that limit terpenoid biosynthesis in this genus are poorly understood. Here, we adopted integrated metabolome analysis, transcriptome, small-RNA (sRNA), and degradome sequencing to analyze the differences in terpenoid regulatory mechanisms in two different overwintering C. fortunei phenotypes (wild-type and an evergreen mutant). A total of 1447/6219 differentially synthesized metabolites (DSMs)/unigenes (DEGs) were detected through metabolome/transcriptome analyses, and these DSMs/DEGs were significantly enriched in flavonoid and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways. In C. fortunei needles, 587 microRNAs (miRNAs), including 67 differentially expressed miRNAs (DERs), were detected. Among them, 8346 targets of 571 miRNAs were predicted using degradome data, and a 72-miRNA-target regulatory network involved in the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides was constructed. Forty-one targets were further confirmed to be involved in terpenoid backbone and diterpenoid biosynthesis, and target analyses revealed that two miRNAs (i.e., aly-miR168a-5p and aof-miR396a) may be related to the different phenotypes and to differential regulation of diterpenoid biosynthesis. Overall, these results reveal that C. fortunei plants with the evergreen mutation maintain high terpenoid levels in winter through miRNA-target regulation, which provides a valuable resource for essential oil-related bioengineering research.
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12
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Systematic mining of fungal chimeric terpene synthases using an efficient precursor-providing yeast chassis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023247118. [PMID: 34257153 PMCID: PMC8307374 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023247118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric terpene synthases, termed PTTSs, are a unique family of enzymes occurring only in fungi. Characterizing PTTSs is challenging due to the complex reactions they catalyze and the structural complexity of their products. Here, by devising an efficient precursor-providing yeast chassis and incorporating a high-throughput automated platform, we identified 34 active PTTSs, which was considerably more than the number of known functional PTTSs. This effective and rapid pipeline can be employed for the characterization of other PTTSs or related terpenoid biosynthetic enzymes. By systematically analyzing the presence/absence of PTTS genes together with phylogenetic analysis, the ancestral PTTS gene was inferred to have undergone duplication and functional divergence, which led to the development of two distinct cyclization mechanisms. Chimeric terpene synthases, which consist of C-terminal prenyltransferase (PT) and N-terminal class I terpene synthase (TS) domains (termed PTTSs here), is unique to fungi and produces structurally diverse di- and sesterterpenes. Prior to this study, 20 PTTSs had been functionally characterized. Our understanding of the origin and functional evolution of PTTS genes is limited. Our systematic search of sequenced fungal genomes among diverse taxa revealed that PTTS genes were restricted to Dikarya. Phylogenetic findings indicated different potential models of the origin and evolution of PTTS genes. One was that PTTS genes originated in the common Dikarya ancestor and then underwent frequent gene loss among various subsequent lineages. To understand their functional evolution, we selected 74 PTTS genes for biochemical characterization in an efficient precursor-providing yeast system employing chassis-based, robot-assisted, high-throughput automatic assembly. We found 34 PTTS genes that encoded active enzymes and collectively produced 24 di- and sesterterpenes. About half of these di- and sesterterpenes were also the products of the 20 known PTTSs, indicating functional conservation, whereas the PTTS products included the previously unknown sesterterpenes, sesterevisene (1), and sesterorbiculene (2), suggesting that a diversity of PTTS products awaits discovery. Separating functional PTTSs into two monophyletic groups implied that an early gene duplication event occurred during the evolution of the PTTS family followed by functional divergence with the characteristics of distinct cyclization mechanisms.
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Chang HY, Cheng TH, Wang AHJ. Structure, catalysis, and inhibition mechanism of prenyltransferase. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:40-63. [PMID: 33246356 PMCID: PMC7839719 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids, also known as terpenes or terpenoids, represent a large family of natural products composed of five‐carbon isopentenyl diphosphate or its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate as the building blocks. Isoprenoids are structurally and functionally diverse and include dolichols, steroid hormones, carotenoids, retinoids, aromatic metabolites, the isoprenoid side‐chain of ubiquinone, and isoprenoid attached signaling proteins. Productions of isoprenoids are catalyzed by a group of enzymes known as prenyltransferases, such as farnesyltransferases, geranylgeranyltransferases, terpenoid cyclase, squalene synthase, aromatic prenyltransferase, and cis‐ and trans‐prenyltransferases. Because these enzymes are key in cellular processes and metabolic pathways, they are expected to be potential targets in new drug discovery. In this review, six distinct subsets of characterized prenyltransferases are structurally and mechanistically classified, including (1) head‐to‐tail prenyl synthase, (2) head‐to‐head prenyl synthase, (3) head‐to‐middle prenyl synthase, (4) terpenoid cyclase, (5) aromatic prenyltransferase, and (6) protein prenylation. Inhibitors of those enzymes for potential therapies against several diseases are discussed. Lastly, recent results on the structures of integral membrane enzyme, undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yang Chang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Shinada T. Biosynthetic Reaction Mechanism of Terpene Synthases by Using Deuterium Labelled Acyclic Terpenes. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Yang M, Liu G, Yamamura Y, Chen F, Fu J. Divergent Evolution of the Diterpene Biosynthesis Pathway in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis) Caused by Single Amino Acid Variation of ent-Kaurene Synthase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9930-9939. [PMID: 32841021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most plant terpenoids are classified as secondary metabolites. A small portion of them are products of primary metabolism biosynthesized by relatively conserved pathways. Gibberellins (GAs), which are essential for plant growth and development, are diterpenoid phytohormones. (E,E,E)-Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is the precursor for both GAs and other diterpenoids of secondary metabolism. ent-Kaurene biosynthesis from GGPP is a key step of GA formation, which is catalyzed by two sequential and dedicated diterpene synthases (diTPSs): ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS) and ent-kaurene synthase (KS) of the terpene synthase gene family. Sharing a common evolutionary origin, CPS and KS belong to different TPS subfamilies. Tea plant (Camellia sinensis), the subject of this study, is a leaf-based economic crop. Budbreak mainly manipulated by GAs is a primary factor for targeted tea breeding. The key genes for gibberellin biosynthesis are known; however, they have not yet been characterized in tea plants. Here, we identified and functionally characterized three diterpene biosynthesis-related genes, including one CPS and two highly similar KSs in tea plants. These genes were initially identified through transcriptome sequencing. The functional characterization determined by enzymatic activity assay indicated that CsCPS could catalyze GGPP to form ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP), which was further used as the substrate by CsKS1 to produce ent-kaurene or by CsKS2 to produce 16α-hydroxy-ent-kaurane with ent-kaurene as a minor product, respectively. We demonstrated that the divergent evolution of diterpene biosynthesis in tea plants resulted from gene duplication of KSs, followed by functional divergence caused by single amino acid variation. This study would provide an insight into the diterpenoid metabolism and GA biosynthesis in tea plants to further understand leaf bud development or insect resistance and to provide a genetic basis for tea plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yoshimi Yamamura
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jianyu Fu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
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16
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Stepanova R, Inagi H, Sugawara K, Asada K, Nishi T, Ueda D, Yasuno Y, Shinada T, Miki K, Fujihashi M, Sato T. Characterization of Class IB Terpene Synthase: The First Crystal Structure Bound with a Substrate Surrogate. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1517-1525. [PMID: 32227910 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TS) are classified into two broad types, Class I and II, based on the chemical strategy for initial carbocation formation and motif sequences of the catalytic site. We have recently identified a new class of enzymes, Class IB, showing the acceptability of long (C20-C35) prenyl-diphosphates as substrates and no amino acid sequence homology with known TS. Conversion of long prenyl-diphosphates such as heptaprenyl-diphosphate (C35) is unusual and has never been reported for Class I and II enzymes. Therefore, the characterization of Class IB enzymes is crucial to understand the reaction mechanism of the extensive terpene synthesis. Here, we report the crystal structure bound with a substrate surrogate and biochemical analysis of a Class IB TS, using the enzyme from Bacillus alcalophilus (BalTS). The structure analysis revealed that the diphosphate part of the substrate is located around the two characteristic Asp-rich motifs, and the hydrophobic tail is accommodated in a unique hydrophobic long tunnel, where the C35 prenyl-diphosphate, the longest substrate of BalTS, can be accepted. Biochemical analyses of BalTS showed that the enzymatic property, such as Mg2+ dependency, is similar to those of Class I enzymes. In addition, a new cyclic terpene was identified from BalTS reaction products. Mutational analysis revealed that five of the six Asp residues in the Asp-rich motifs and two His residues are essential for the formation of the cyclic skeleton. These results provided a clue to consider the application of the unusual large terpene synthesis by Class IB enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Stepanova
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hayato Inagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kei Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuya Asada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Daijiro Ueda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kunio Miki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujihashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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17
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Algal neurotoxin biosynthesis repurposes the terpene cyclase structural fold into an N-prenyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12799-12805. [PMID: 32457155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001325117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenylation is a common biological reaction in all domains of life wherein prenyl diphosphate donors transfer prenyl groups onto small molecules as well as large proteins. The enzymes that catalyze these reactions are structurally distinct from ubiquitous terpene cyclases that, instead, assemble terpenes via intramolecular rearrangements of a single substrate. Herein, we report the structure and molecular details of a new family of prenyltransferases from marine algae that repurposes the terpene cyclase structural fold for the N-prenylation of glutamic acid during the biosynthesis of the potent neurochemicals domoic acid and kainic acid. We solved the X-ray crystal structure of the prenyltransferase found in domoic acid biosynthesis, DabA, and show distinct active site binding modifications that remodel the canonical magnesium (Mg2+)-binding motif found in terpene cyclases. We then applied our structural knowledge of DabA and a homologous enzyme from the kainic acid biosynthetic pathway, KabA, to reengineer their isoprene donor specificities (geranyl diphosphate [GPP] versus dimethylallyl diphosphate [DMAPP]) with a single amino acid change. While diatom DabA and seaweed KabA enzymes share a common evolutionary lineage, they are distinct from all other terpene cyclases, suggesting a very distant ancestor to the larger terpene synthase family.
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18
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Nagegowda DA, Gupta P. Advances in biosynthesis, regulation, and metabolic engineering of plant specialized terpenoids. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110457. [PMID: 32234216 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialized terpenoids are natural products that have no obvious role in growth and development, but play many important functional roles to improve the plant's overall fitness. Besides, plant specialized terpenoids have immense value to humans due to their applications in fragrance, flavor, cosmetic, and biofuel industries. Understanding the fundamental aspects involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of these high-value molecules in plants not only paves the path to enhance plant traits, but also facilitates homologous or heterologous engineering for overproduction of target molecules of importance. Recent developments in functional genomics and high-throughput analytical techniques have led to unraveling of several novel aspects involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of plant specialized terpenoids. The knowledge thus derived has been successfully utilized to produce target specialized terpenoids of plant origin in homologous or heterologous host systems by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches. Here, we provide an overview and highlights on advances related to the biosynthetic steps, regulation, and metabolic engineering of plant specialized terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, 560065, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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19
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Rudolf JD, Chang CY. Terpene synthases in disguise: enzymology, structure, and opportunities of non-canonical terpene synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:425-463. [PMID: 31650156 PMCID: PMC7101268 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2019 Terpene synthases (TSs) are responsible for generating much of the structural diversity found in the superfamily of terpenoid natural products. These elegant enzymes mediate complex carbocation-based cyclization and rearrangement cascades with a variety of electron-rich linear and cyclic substrates. For decades, two main classes of TSs, divided by how they generate the reaction-triggering initial carbocation, have dominated the field of terpene enzymology. Recently, several novel and unconventional TSs that perform TS-like reactions but do not resemble canonical TSs in sequence or structure have been discovered. In this review, we identify 12 families of non-canonical TSs and examine their sequences, structures, functions, and proposed mechanisms. Nature provides a wide diversity of enzymes, including prenyltransferases, methyltransferases, P450s, and NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases, as well as completely new enzymes, that utilize distinctive reaction mechanisms for TS chemistry. These unique non-canonical TSs provide immense opportunities to understand how nature evolved different tools for terpene biosynthesis by structural and mechanistic characterization while affording new probes for the discovery of novel terpenoid natural products and gene clusters via genome mining. With every new discovery, the dualistic paradigm of TSs is contradicted and the field of terpene chemistry and enzymology continues to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Chin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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20
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Subramanian M, Marudhamuthu M. Hitherto Unknown Terpene Synthase Organization in Taxol-Producing Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Marine Macroalgae. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:918-923. [PMID: 31970484 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Taxol is a successful anti-cancer drug, which extensively studied in Taxus spp. However, microbial endophytes also reported as taxol producers, and especially fungal endophytes extensively studied for the taxol biosynthesis pathway. Although it was well considered, the taxol biosynthesis pathway remains undisclosed since its discovery in bacteria. To decipher this gap, we isolated and identified the endophytic bacteria such as Bacillus flexus strain DMTMMB08, Bacillus licheniformis strain DMTMMB10, and Oceanobacillus picturae strain DMTMMB24, which are unprecedented for taxol production. Subsequently, the genome annotation of these bacteria exhibited the isoprene biosynthesis pathway and terpene synthase profile. Feasibly, this is the very first report on taxol-producing endophytic bacteria from the non-Taxus host and solitary investigation on its genome analysis. The genomic insight into the bacterial system for taxol biosynthesis leads to understanding the terpene synthesis and evolution. This piece of work could expand our perception of the diversity of terpenes and their related natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugesh Subramanian
- Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Murugan Marudhamuthu
- Department of Microbial Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.
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21
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Discovery of three novel sesquiterpene synthases from Streptomyces chartreusis NRRL 3882 and crystal structure of an α-eudesmol synthase. J Biotechnol 2019; 297:71-77. [PMID: 30928538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With more than 50,000 members, terpenoids are one of the most important classes of natural products and show an enormous diversity. Due to their unique odors and specific bioactivities they already find wide application in the flavor, fragrance and pharma industries. Since most terpenoids can only be obtained by natural product extraction, the discovery of biosynthetic genes for the generation of terpene diversity becomes increasingly important. This study describes the discovery of three novel sesquiterpene synthases from Streptomyces chartreusis with preference for the formation of germacradiene-11-ol, α-eudesmol and α-amorphene respectively. The α-eudesmol synthase showed formation of 10-epi-δ-eudesmol and elemol as side products. Eudesmol-isomers are known to have repellent activity, which makes this enzyme a potential catalyst for products for the prevention of mosquito-related disease. The determination of the structure of the apo-enzyme of α-eudesmol synthase from S. chartreusis provides the first structural insights into an eudesmol-forming enzyme.
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22
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Ueda D, Matsugane S, Okamoto W, Hashimoto M, Sato T. A Non-Enzymatic Pathway with Superoxide in Intracellular Terpenoid Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Ueda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry and Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Saori Matsugane
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry and Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry and Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Masayuki Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan City 704-56 Taiwan, ROC
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signal Transduction; College of Medicine; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan City 704-56 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry and Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
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23
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Ueda D, Matsugane S, Okamoto W, Hashimoto M, Sato T. A Non-Enzymatic Pathway with Superoxide in Intracellular Terpenoid Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10347-10351. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Ueda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry and Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Saori Matsugane
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry and Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry and Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Masayuki Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan City 704-56 Taiwan, ROC
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signal Transduction; College of Medicine; National Cheng-Kung University; Tainan City 704-56 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry and Graduate School of Science and Technology; Niigata University; Ikarashi 2-8050, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
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