1
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To TA, Phan NTA, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Controlling the regioselectivity of the bromolactonization reaction in HFIP. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7187-7197. [PMID: 38756818 PMCID: PMC11095382 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01503g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The halolactonization reaction provides rapid access to densely functionalized lactones from unsaturated carboxylic acids. The endo/exo regioselectivity of this cyclization reaction is primarily determined by the electronic stabilization of alkene substituents, thus making it inherently dependent on substrate structures. Therefore this method often affords one type of halolactone regioisomer only. Herein, we introduce a simple and efficient method for regioselectivity-switchable bromolactonization reactions mediated by HFIP solvent. Two sets of reaction conditions were developed, each forming endo-products or exo-products in excellent regioselectivity. A combination of computational and experimental mechanistic studies not only confirmed the crucial role of HFIP, but also revealed the formation of endo-products under kinetic control and exo-products under thermodynamic control. This study paves the way for future work on the use of perfluorinated solvents to dictate reaction outcomes in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Anh To
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nhu T A Phan
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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2
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To TA, Nguyen TV. Olefination of Aromatic Carbonyls via Site-Specific Activation of Cycloalkanone Ketals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317003. [PMID: 37997004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal editing is an important strategy in organic synthesis as it modifies the carbon backbone to tailor molecular structures with precision, enabling access to compounds with specific desired properties. Skeletal editing empowers chemists to transform synthetic approaches of target compounds across diverse applications from drug discovery to materials science. Herein, we introduce a new skeletal editing method to convert readily available aromatic carbonyl compounds into valuable unsaturated carboxylic acids with extended carbon chains. Our reaction setup enables a cascade reaction of enolization-[2+2]cycloaddition-[2+2]cycloreversion between aromatic carbonyl compounds and ketals of cyclic ketones to generate unsaturated carboxylic acids as ring-opening products. Through a simple design, our substrates are specifically activated to react at predetermined positions to enhance selectivity and efficiency. This practical method offers convenient access to versatile organic building blocks as well as provides fresh insights into manipulating traditional reaction pathways for new synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Anh To
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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3
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Pizzio MG, Cenizo ZB, Méndez L, Sarotti AM, Mata EG. InCl 3-catalyzed intramolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8141-8151. [PMID: 37779456 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and novel synthetic strategy for the generation of different carbocyclic moieties by ring closing carbonyl-olefin metathesis is reported. Herein, we describe a sustainably attractive protocol for one of the most powerful carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, based on solvent-reduction, use of InCl3 catalyst, and microwave irradiation, affording target compounds with yields up to 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela G Pizzio
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Zoe B Cenizo
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Méndez
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ariel M Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ernesto G Mata
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
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4
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Zahra FT, Saeed A, Mumtaz K, Albericio F. Tropylium Ion, an Intriguing Moiety in Organic Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:4095. [PMID: 37241836 PMCID: PMC10224505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropylium ion is a non-benzenoid aromatic species that works as a catalyst. This chemical entity brings about a large number of organic transformations, such as hydroboration reactions, ring contraction, the trapping of enolates, oxidative functionalization, metathesis, insertion, acetalization, and trans-acetalization reactions. The tropylium ion also functions as a coupling reagent in synthetic reactions. This cation's versatility can be seen in its role in the synthesis of macrocyclic compounds and cage structures. Bearing a charge, the tropylium ion is more prone to nucleophilic/electrophilic reactions than neutral benzenoid equivalents. This ability enables it to assist in a variety of chemical reactions. The primary purpose of using tropylium ions in organic reactions is to replace transition metals in catalysis chemistry. It outperforms transition-metal catalysts in terms of its yield, moderate conditions, non-toxic byproducts, functional group tolerance, selectivity, and ease of handling. Furthermore, the tropylium ion is simple to synthesize in the laboratory. The current review incorporates the literature reported from 1950 to 2021; however, the last two decades have witnessed a phenomenal upsurge in the utilization of the tropylium ion in the facilitation of organic conversions. The importance of the tropylium ion as an environmentally safe catalyst in synthesis and a comprehensive summary of some important reactions catalyzed via tropylium cations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Tuz Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.T.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.T.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Khansa Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.T.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Fan S, Wu W, Fang L, Zhu J. Catalytic Olefin-Imine Metathesis: Cobalt-Enabled Amidine Olefination with Enaminones. Org Lett 2023; 25:3335-3339. [PMID: 37125698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic metathesis reactions allow for expedient assembly of diverse molecular skeletons and appendages through the exchange of molecular fragments. The olefin-imine variant of this process, in particular, can expand the synthetic toolbox for manipulating carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds but has thus far been achieved only on a stoichiometric metal-mediated basis. Herein, we report the development of a catalytic olefin-imine metathesis reaction, featuring cobalt-catalyzed amidine olefination with enaminones and a versatile product synthon enabling further structural diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaixin Fan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Fang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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6
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McAtee CC, Nasrallah DJ, Ryu H, Gatazka MR, McAtee RC, Baik MH, Schindler CS. Catalytic, Interrupted Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis for the Formation of Functionalized Cyclopentadienes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. McAtee
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Daniel J. Nasrallah
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ho Ryu
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael R. Gatazka
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rory C. McAtee
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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7
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Mann JS, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Carbocation-Catalyzed Intramolecular and Intermolecular Carbonyl-Alkyne Metathesis Reactions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasnoor S. Mann
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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8
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To TA, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Toward Homogeneous Brønsted-Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis Reactions. Org Lett 2022; 24:7237-7241. [PMID: 36166378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The carbonyl-olefin metathesis (COM) reaction is an attractive approach for the formation of a new carbon-carbon double bond from a carbonyl precursor. In principle, this reaction can be promoted by the activation of the carbonyl group with a Brønsted acid catalyst; however, it is often complicated as a result of unwanted side reactions under acidic conditions. Thus, there have been only a very few examples of Brønsted-acid-catalyzed COM reactions, all of which required specially designed setups. Herein, we report a new practical homogeneous Brønsted-acid-catalyzed protocol using nitromethane, a readily available solvent, to promote intramolecular ring-closing COM reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Anh To
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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9
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Quach PK, Hsu JH, Keresztes I, Fors BP, Lambert TH. Metal-Free Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization with Hydrazonium Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203344. [PMID: 35302707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclopropenes using hydrazonium initiators is described. The initiators, which are formed by the condensation of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and an aldehyde, polymerize cyclopropene monomers by a sequence of [3+2] cycloaddition and cycloreversion reactions. This process generates short chain polyolefins (Mn ≤9.4 kg mol-1 ) with relatively low dispersities (Đ≤1.4). The optimized conditions showed efficiency comparable to that achieved with Grubbs' 2nd generation catalyst for the polymerization of 3-methyl-3-phenylcyclopropene. A positive correlation between monomer to initiator ratio and degree of polymerization was revealed through NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Quach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jesse H Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brett P Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, 122 Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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10
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Xiao W, Wu J. Recent advance in carbocation-catalyzed reactions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Nasrallah DJ, Zehnder TE, Ludwig JR, Steigerwald DC, Kiernicki JJ, Szymczak NK, Schindler CS. Hydrazone and Oxime Olefination via Ruthenium Alkylidenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112101. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Nasrallah
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Troy E. Zehnder
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Jacob R. Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Daniel C. Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - John J. Kiernicki
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Present address: Drury University Department of Chemistry and Physics 900 North Benton Ave. Springfield MO 65802 USA
| | - Nathaniel K. Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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12
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Abstract
The ring-opening carbonyl-olefin metathesis of cyclobutenes to furnish γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes-formal Claisen rearrangement products-is reported. The bistrifluoroacetic acid salt of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane promotes these reactions efficiently with a variety of cyclobutenes and aldehydes, including aliphatic, α,β-unsaturated, aryl, and heteroaryl aldehydes. Catalytic reactions are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell G. Holl
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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13
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Lyons DJM, Dinh AH, Ton NNH, Crocker RD, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Ring Contraction of Tropylium Ions into Benzenoid Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:2520-2525. [PMID: 35324211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a method to convert substituted tropylium ions into benzenoid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demelza J M Lyons
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - An H Dinh
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nhan N H Ton
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Reece D Crocker
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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14
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Anh To T, Pei C, Koenigs RM, Vinh Nguyen T. Hydrogen Bonding Networks Enable Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117366. [PMID: 34985790 PMCID: PMC9303705 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have learned to mimic nature in using hydrogen bonds and other weak interactions to dictate the spatial arrangement of reaction substrates and to stabilize transition states to enable highly efficient and selective reactions. The activation of a catalyst molecule itself by hydrogen-bonding networks, in order to enhance its catalytic activity to achieve a desired reaction outcome, is less explored in organic synthesis, despite being a commonly found phenomenon in nature. Herein, we show our investigation into this underexplored area by studying the promotion of carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions by hydrogen-bonding-assisted Brønsted acid catalysis, using hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent in combination with para-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA). Our experimental and computational mechanistic studies reveal not only an interesting role of HFIP solvent in assisting pTSA Brønsted acid catalyst, but also insightful knowledge about the current limitations of the carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Anh To
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac ParadeKensingtonNSW2052Australia
| | - Chao Pei
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH AachenLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH AachenLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac ParadeKensingtonNSW2052Australia
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15
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Quach PK, Hsu JH, Keresztes I, Fors BP, Lambert TH. Metal–Free Ring–Opening Metathesis Polymerization with Hydrazonium Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phong K Quach
- Cornell University Chemistry and Chemical Biology 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
| | - Jesse H Hsu
- Cornell University Chemistry and Chemical Biology 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Cornell University Chemistry and Chemical Biology 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
| | - Brett P Fors
- Cornell University Chemistry and Chemical Biology 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
| | - Tristan Hayes Lambert
- Cornell University Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory 14853 Ithaca UNITED STATES
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16
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Nasrallah DJ, Zehnder TE, Ludwig JR, Kiernicki JJ, Steigerwald DC, Schindler CS, Szymczak NK. Hydrazone and Oxime Olefination via Ruthenium Alkylidenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Anh To T, Pei C, Koenigs RM, Vinh Nguyen T. Hydrogen Bonding Networks Enable Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Carbonyl‐Olefin Metathesis**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Anh To
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Chao Pei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales, Sydney Anzac Parade Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
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18
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Rekha, Sharma S, Singh G, Vijaya Anand R. Tropylium Salt-Promoted Vinylogous Aza-Michael Addition of Carbamates to para-Quinone Methides: Elaboration to Diastereomerically Pure α,α'-Diarylmethyl Carbamates. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2021; 2:186-196. [PMID: 36855457 PMCID: PMC9954356 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbocation catalysis is emerging as an important subarea of Lewis acid catalysis. Some stable and isolable carbocations have been successfully utilized as Lewis acid catalysts and promoters in many synthetic transformations. In this manuscript, we report a tropylium cation-promoted vinylogous aza-Michael addition of carbamates to para-quinone methides (QMs) to access a wide range of unsymmetrical α,α'-diarylmethyl carbamates. This mild protocol was effective for the vinylogous conjugate addition of (-)-menthyl carbamate to p-QMs, and the respective diastereomerically pure α,α'-diarylmethyl carbamate derivatives could be obtained in excellent yields and diastereoselectivities (up to >20:1 de).
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19
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Chen Y, Liu D, Wang R, Xu L, Tan J, Shu M, Tian L, Jin Y, Zhang X, Lin Z. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis: Synthesis of Phenanthrenes via Phosphomolybdic Acid as a Catalyst. J Org Chem 2021; 87:351-362. [PMID: 34928599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the impressive achievements of catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis (CCOM) mediated by Lewis acid catalysts, exploration of the CCOM through Brønsted acid-catalyzed approaches remains quite challenging. Herein, we disclose a synthetic protocol for the construction of a valuable polycycle scaffold through the CCOM with the inexpensive, nontoxic phosphomolybdic acid as a catalyst. The current annulations could realize carbonyl-olefin, carbonyl-alcohol, and acetal-alcohol in situ CCOM reactions and feature mild reaction conditions, simple manipulation, and scalability, making this strategy a promising alternative to the Lewis acid-catalyzed COM reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Jingyao Tan
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lingfeng Tian
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiaoke Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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20
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Crocker RD, Pace DP, Zhang B, Lyons DJM, Bhadbhade MM, Wong WWH, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Unusual Alternating Crystallization-Induced Emission Enhancement Behavior in Nonconjugated ω-Phenylalkyl Tropylium Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20384-20394. [PMID: 34807589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The alternating physical properties, especially melting points, of α,ω-disubstituted n-alkanes and their parent n-alkanes had been known since Baeyer's report in 1877. There is, however, no general and comprehensive explanation for such a phenomenon. Herein, we report the synthesis and examination of a series of novel ω-phenyl n-alkyl tropylium tetrafluoroborates, which also display alternation in their physicochemical characters. Despite being organic salts, the compounds with odd numbers of carbons in the alkyl bridge exist as room temperature ionic liquids. In stark contrast to this, the analogues with even numbers of carbons in the linker are crystalline solids. These solid nonconjugated molecules exhibit curious photoluminescent properties, which can be attributed to their ability to form through-space charge-transfer complexes to cause crystallization-induced emission enhancement. Most notably, the compound with the highest photoluminescent quantum yield in this series showed an unusual arrangement of carbocationic dimer in the solid state. A combination of XRD analysis and ab initio calculations revealed interesting insights into these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece D Crocker
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Domenic P Pace
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bolong Zhang
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Demelza J M Lyons
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohan M Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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21
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Kato R, Saito H, Uda S, Domon D, Ikeuchi K, Suzuki T, Tanino K. Synthesis of Seven-Membered Cross-Conjugated Cyclic Trienes by 8π Electrocyclic Reaction. Org Lett 2021; 23:8878-8882. [PMID: 34714079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of 3-methylene-1,4-cycloheptadiene derivatives via an 8π electrocyclization reaction was developed. The triene substrate bearing a phosphate or carbamate group was prepared from γ,δ-unsaturated esters and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in four steps. Upon treatment with NaHMDS or KHMDS, the substrate formed a heptatrienyl anion, which underwent electrocyclization and subsequent β-elimination of the leaving group. The product could be converted into a tropylium salt in two steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranmaru Kato
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shoko Uda
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Daisuke Domon
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazutada Ikeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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22
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Abstract
The Ritter reaction used to be one of the most powerful synthetic tools to functionalize alcohols and nitriles, providing valuable N-alkyl amide products. However, this reaction has not been frequently used in modern organic synthesis due to its employment of strongly acidic and harsh reaction conditions, which often lead to complicated side reactions. Herein, we report the development of a new method using salts of the tropylium ion to promote the Ritter reaction. This method works well on a range of alcohol and nitrile substrates, giving the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. This reaction protocol is amenable to microwave and continuous flow reactors, offering an attractive opportunity for further applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son H Doan
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Mohanad A Hussein
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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23
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Albright H, Davis AJ, Gomez-Lopez JL, Vonesh HL, Quach PK, Lambert TH, Schindler CS. Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9359-9406. [PMID: 34133136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review describes the development of strategies for carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions relying on stepwise, stoichiometric, or catalytic approaches. A comprehensive overview of currently available methods is provided starting with Paternò-Büchi cycloadditions between carbonyls and alkenes, followed by fragmentation of the resulting oxetanes, metal alkylidene-mediated strategies, [3 + 2]-cycloaddition approaches with strained hydrazines as organocatalysts, Lewis acid-mediated and Lewis acid-catalyzed strategies relying on the formation of intermediate oxetanes, and protocols based on initial carbon-carbon bond formation between carbonyls and alkenes and subsequent Grob-fragmentations. The Review concludes with an overview of applications of these currently available methods for carbonyl-olefin metathesis in complex molecule synthesis. Over the past eight years, the field of carbonyl-olefin metathesis has grown significantly and expanded from stoichiometric reaction protocols to efficient catalytic strategies for ring-closing, ring-opening, and cross carbonyl-olefin metathesis. The aim of this Review is to capture the status quo of the field and is expected to contribute to further advancements in carbonyl-olefin metathesis in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Albright
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashlee J Davis
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica L Gomez-Lopez
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hannah L Vonesh
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Phong K Quach
- Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 253 East Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 253 East Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Corinna S Schindler
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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24
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Hori D, Yum JH, Sugiyama H, Park S. Tropylium Derivatives as New Entrants that Sense Quadruplex Structures. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ji Hye Yum
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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25
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Day DP, Alsenani NI, Alsimaree AA. Reactivity and Applications of Iodine Monochloride in Synthetic Approaches. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Day
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Nawaf I. Alsenani
- Department of Chemistry Al Baha University 1988 Al Baha Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsimaree
- Department of Basic Science (Chemistry) College of Science and Humanities Shaqra University Afif Saudi Arabia (KSA
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26
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Ton NNH, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Tropylium-Promoted Hydroboration Reactions: Mechanistic Insights Via Experimental and Computational Studies. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9117-9133. [PMID: 34134487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydroboration reaction of alkynes is one of the most synthetically powerful tools to access organoboron compounds, versatile precursors for cross-coupling chemistry. This type of reaction has traditionally been mediated by transition-metal or main group catalysts. Herein, we report a novel method using tropylium salts, typically known as organic oxidants and Lewis acids, to promote the hydroboration reaction of alkynes. A broad range of vinylboranes can be easily accessed via this metal-free protocol. Similar hydroboration reactions of alkenes and epoxides can also be efficiently catalyzed by the same tropylium catalysts. Experimental studies and DFT calculations suggested that the reaction follows an uncommon mechanistic pathway, which is triggered by the hydride abstraction of pinacolborane with tropylium ion. This is followed by a series of in situ counterion-activated substituent exchanges to generate boron intermediates that promote the hydroboration reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan N H Ton
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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27
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Pace DP, Robidas R, Tran UPN, Legault CY, Nguyen TV. Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Furans and Pyrans: Reaction Scope and Mechanistic Insights. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8154-8171. [PMID: 34048250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substituted pyrans and furans are core structures found in a wide variety of natural products and biologically active compounds. Herein, we report a practical and mild catalytic method for the synthesis of substituted pyrans and furans using molecular iodine, a simple and inexpensive catalyst. The method described is performed under solvent-free conditions at an ambient temperature and atmosphere, thus offering a facile and practical alternative to currently available reaction protocols. A combination of experimental studies and density functional theory calculations revealed interesting mechanistic insights into this seemingly simple reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic P Pace
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Raphaël Robidas
- Department of Chemistry, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Uyen P N Tran
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Van Hien University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Claude Y Legault
- Department of Chemistry, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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28
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Borodkin GI, Elanov IR, Shubin VG. Carbocation Catalysis of Organic Reactions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Empel C, Nguyen TV, Koenigs RM. Tropylium-Catalyzed O–H Insertion Reactions of Diazoalkanes with Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2021; 23:548-553. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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30
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Lyons DJM, Empel C, Pace DP, Dinh AH, Mai BK, Koenigs RM, Nguyen TV. Tropolonate Salts as Acyl-Transfer Catalysts under Thermal and Photochemical Conditions: Reaction Scope and Mechanistic Insights. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demelza J. M. Lyons
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Claire Empel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Aachen D52074, Germany
| | - Domenic P. Pace
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - An H. Dinh
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Aachen D52074, Germany
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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31
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Davis AJ, Watson RB, Nasrallah DJ, Gomez-Lopez JL, Schindler CS. Superelectrophilic aluminium(iii)–ion pairs promote a distinct reaction path for carbonyl–olefin ring-closing metathesis. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Zhang Y, Sim JH, MacMillan SN, Lambert TH. Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines via Hydrazine-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6026-6030. [PMID: 32667809 PMCID: PMC7880559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinolines by the hydrazine-catalyzed ring-closing carbonyl-olefin metathesis (RCCOM) of N-prenylated 2-aminobenzaldehydes is reported. Substrates with a variety of substitution patterns are shown. With an acid-labile protecting group on the nitrogen atom, in situ deprotection and autoxidation furnish quinoline. In comparison with related oxygen-containing substrates, the cycloaddition step of the catalytic cycle is shown to be slower, but the cycloreversion is found to be more facile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jae Hun Sim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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33
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Jermaks J, Quach PK, Seibel ZM, Pomarole J, Lambert TH. Ring-opening carbonyl-olefin metathesis of norbornenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7884-7895. [PMID: 34094159 PMCID: PMC8163149 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational and experimental study of the hydrazine-catalyzed ring-opening carbonyl-olefin metathesis of norbornenes is described. Detailed theoretical investigation of the energetic landscape for the full reaction pathway with six different hydrazines revealed several crucial aspects for the design of next-generation hydrazine catalysts. This study indicated that a [2.2.2]-bicyclic hydrazine should offer substantially increased reactivity versus the previously reported [2.2.1]-hydrazine due to a lowered activation barrier for the rate-determining cycloreversion step, a prediction which was verified experimentally. Optimized conditions for both cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps were identified, and a brief substrate scope study for each was conducted. A complication for catalysis was found to be the slow hydrolysis of the ring-opened hydrazonium intermediates, which were shown to suffer from a competitive and irreversible cycloaddition with a second equivalent of norbornene. This problem was overcome by the strategic incorporation of a bridgehead methyl group on the norbornene ring, leading to the first demonstrated catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis of norbornene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Jermaks
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Phong K Quach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Zara M Seibel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10025 USA
| | - Julien Pomarole
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10025 USA
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York New York 10025 USA
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34
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Das A, Sarkar S, Chakraborty B, Kar A, Jana U. Catalytic Alkyne/Alkene-Carbonyl Metathesis: Towards the Development of Green Organic Synthesis. CURRENT GREEN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2213346106666191105144019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The construction of carbon-carbon bond through the metathesis reactions between carbonyls
and olefins or alkynes has attracted significant interest in organic chemistry due to its high atomeconomy
and efficiency. In this regard, carbonyl–alkyne metathesis is well developed and widely used
in organic synthesis for the atom-efficient construction of various carbocycles and heterocycles in the
presence of catalytic Lewis acids or Brønsted acids. On the other hand, alkene-carbonyl metathesis is
recently developed and has been a topic of great importance in the field of organic chemistry because
they possess attractive qualities involving metal-mediated, metal-free intramolecular, photochemical,
Lewis acid-mediated ring-closing metathesis, ring-opening metathesis and cross-metathesis. This review
covers most of the strategies of carbonyl–alkyne and carbonyl–olefin metathesis reactions in the
synthesis of complex molecules, natural products and pharmaceuticals as well as provides an overview
of exploration of the metathesis reactions with high atom-economy as well as environmentally and
ecologically benign reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata–700032, India
| | - Soumen Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Balurghat College, Balurghat, West Bengal 733103, India
| | - Baitan Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata–700032, India
| | - Abhishek Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata–700032, India
| | - Umasish Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata–700032, India
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35
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Albright H, Vonesh HL, Schindler CS. Superelectrophilic Fe(III)–Ion Pairs as Stronger Lewis Acid Catalysts for (E)-Selective Intermolecular Carbonyl–Olefin Metathesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:3155-3160. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Albright
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hannah L. Vonesh
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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36
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Becker MR, Reid JP, Rykaczewski KA, Schindler CS. Models for Understanding Divergent Reactivity in Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Transformations of Carbonyls and Olefins. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc R. Becker
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jolene P. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Katie A. Rykaczewski
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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37
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Rivero-Crespo MÁ, Tejeda-Serrano M, Pérez-Sánchez H, Cerón-Carrasco JP, Leyva-Pérez A. Intermolecular Carbonyl-olefin Metathesis with Vinyl Ethers Catalyzed by Homogeneous and Solid Acids in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3846-3849. [PMID: 31538394 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction has experienced significant advances in the last seven years with new catalysts and reaction protocols. However, most of these procedures involve soluble catalysts for intramolecular reactions in batch. Herein, we show that recoverable, inexpensive, easy to handle, non-toxic, and widely available simple solid acids, such as the aluminosilicate montmorillonite, can catalyze the intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis of aromatic ketones and aldehydes with vinyl ethers in-flow, to give alkenes with complete trans stereoselectivity on multi-gram scale and high yields. Experimental and computational data support a mechanism based on a carbocation-induced Grob fragmentation. These results open the way for the industrial implementation of carbonyl-olefin metathesis over solid catalysts in continuous mode, which is still the origin and main application of the parent alkene-alkene cross-metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Rivero-Crespo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Tejeda-Serrano
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
| | - José Pedro Cerón-Carrasco
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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38
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Hanson CS, Devery JJ. Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32150174 DOI: 10.3791/60745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewis acid-activation of carbonyl-containing substrates is a fundamental basis for facilitating transformations in organic chemistry. Historically, characterization of these interactions has been limited to models equivalent to stoichiometric reactions. Here, we report a method utilizing in situ infrared spectroscopy to probe the solution interactions between Lewis acids and carbonyls under synthetically relevant conditions. Using this method, we were able to identify 1:1 complexation between GaCl3 and acetone and a highly ligated complex for FeCl3 and acetone. The impact of this technique on mechanistic understanding is illustrated by application to the mechanism of Lewis acid-mediated carbonyl-olefin metathesis in which we were able to observe competitive binding interactions between substrate carbonyl and product carbonyl with the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago
| | - James J Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago;
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39
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Omoregbee K, Luc KNH, Dinh AH, Nguyen TV. Tropylium-promoted prenylation reactions of phenols in continuous flow. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Wang R, Chen Y, Shu M, Zhao W, Tao M, Du C, Fu X, Li A, Lin Z. AuCl 3 -Catalyzed Ring-Closing Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. Chemistry 2020; 26:1941-1946. [PMID: 31867760 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Compared with the ripeness of olefin metathesis, exploration of the construction of carbon-carbon double bonds through the catalytic carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction remains stagnant and has received scant attention. Herein, a highly efficient AuCl3 -catalyzed intramolecular ring-closing carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction is described. This method features easily accessible starting materials, simple operation, good functional-group tolerance and short reaction times, and provides the target cyclopentenes, polycycles, benzocarbocycles, and N-heterocycle derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 69 Red Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 69 Red Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 69 Red Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 69 Red Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Maoling Tao
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 69 Red Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Chao Du
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 69 Red Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Xiaoya Fu
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 69 Red Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Ao Li
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 69 Red Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 69 Red Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, China
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41
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McFarlin AT, Watson RB, Zehnder TE, Schindler CS. Interrupted Carbonyl‐Alkyne Metathesis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin T. McFarlin
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Rebecca B. Watson
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Troy E. Zehnder
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 United States
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42
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Hussein MA, Tran UPN, Huynh VT, Ho J, Bhadbhade M, Mayr H, Nguyen TV. Halide Anion Triggered Reactions of Michael Acceptors with Tropylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Australia
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43
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Bismillah AN, Chapin BM, Hussein BA, McGonigal PR. Shapeshifting molecules: the story so far and the shape of things to come. Chem Sci 2020; 11:324-332. [PMID: 32206269 PMCID: PMC7069523 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shapeshifting molecules exhibit rapid constitutional dynamics while remaining stable, isolable molecules, making them promising artificial scaffolds from which to explore complex biological systems and create new functional materials. However, their structural complexity presents challenges for designing their syntheses and understanding their equilibria. This minireview showcases (1) recent applications of highly dynamic shapeshifting molecules in sensing and distinguishing complex small molecules and (2) detailed insights into the adaptation of tractable bistable systems to changes in their local environment. The current status of this field is summarised and its future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha N Bismillah
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK .
| | - Brette M Chapin
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK .
| | - Burhan A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK .
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry , Durham University , Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK .
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44
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Hussein MA, Tran UPN, Huynh VT, Ho J, Bhadbhade M, Mayr H, Nguyen TV. Halide Anion Triggered Reactions of Michael Acceptors with Tropylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1455-1459. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry UNSW Sydney Australia
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45
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Guo Y, Nguyen TV, Koenigs RM. Norcaradiene Synthesis via Visible-Light-Mediated Cyclopropanation Reactions of Arenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:8814-8818. [PMID: 31617724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropanation reactions of carbenes with arenes provide a straightforward pathway to norcaradienes or cycloheptatrienes. This reaction normally requires harsh reaction conditions or transition-metal catalysts. In this report, we describe the metal-free visible-light photolysis of aryl diazoacetates in aromatic solvents, which provides access to the norcaradiene ring system in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. The mild reaction conditions of this approach also allow chemoselective cyclopropanation of substituted arenes without competing C-H functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
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46
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Rivero‐Crespo MÁ, Tejeda‐Serrano M, Pérez‐Sánchez H, Cerón‐Carrasco JP, Leyva‐Pérez A. Intermolecular Carbonyl–olefin Metathesis with Vinyl Ethers Catalyzed by Homogeneous and Solid Acids in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Rivero‐Crespo
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - María Tejeda‐Serrano
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez‐Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC) Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM) Spain
| | - José Pedro Cerón‐Carrasco
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC) Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM) Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva‐Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. de los Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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47
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Zhang Y, Jermaks J, MacMillan SN, Lambert TH. Synthesis of 2 H-Chromenes via Hydrazine-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. ACS Catal 2019; 9:9259-9264. [PMID: 34084650 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic ring-closing carbonyl-olefin metathesis (RCCOM) of O-allyl salicylaldehydes to form 2H-chromenes is described. The method utilizes a [2.2.1]-bicyclic hydrazine catalyst and operates via a [3+2]/retro-[3+2] metathesis manifold. The nature of the allyl substitution pattern was found to be crucial, with sterically demanding groups such as adamantylidene or diethylidene offering optimal outcomes. A survey of substrate scope is shown along with a discussion of mechanism supported by DFT calculations. Steric pressure arising from syn-pentane minimization of the diethylidene moiety is proposed to facilitate cycloreversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Janis Jermaks
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tristan H. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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48
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Riehl PS, Nasrallah DJ, Schindler CS. Catalytic, transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10267-10274. [PMID: 32110312 PMCID: PMC6979496 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03716k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions complement existing procedures for related ring-closing, ring-opening, and intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis. We herein report the development and mechanistic investigation of FeCl3-catalyzed transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions that proceed via a distinct reaction path compared to previously reported ring-closing and ring-opening protocols. Specifically, carbonyl-ene and carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction pathways are competing under FeCl3-catalysis to ultimately favor metathesis as the thermodynamic product. Importantly, we show that distinct Lewis acid catalysts are able to distinguish between these pathways to enable the selective formation of either transannular carbonyl-ene or carbonyl-olefin metathesis products. These insights are expected to enable further advances in catalyst design to efficiently differentiate between these two competing reaction paths of carbonyl and olefin functionalities to further expand the synthetic generality of carbonyl-olefin metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Riehl
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , USA .
| | - Daniel J Nasrallah
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , USA .
| | - Corinna S Schindler
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , USA .
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49
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Djurovic A, Vayer M, Li Z, Guillot R, Baltaze JP, Gandon V, Bour C. Synthesis of Medium-Sized Carbocycles by Gallium-Catalyzed Tandem Carbonyl–Olefin Metathesis/Transfer Hydrogenation. Org Lett 2019; 21:8132-8137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Djurovic
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Marie Vayer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Zhilong Li
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Regis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baltaze
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, Palaiseau 91128 Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
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50
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Hanson CS, Psaltakis MC, Cortes JJ, Devery JJ. Catalyst Behavior in Metal-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Olefin Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11870-11880. [PMID: 31276383 PMCID: PMC7223925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron(III)-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin ring-closing metathesis employs reactivity not typically observed in Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. In converting a ketone with a pendant olefin into a cycloalkene and a simple carbonyl byproduct, the reaction requires the Lewis acid catalyst to differentiate between the carbonyl of the substrate and that of the byproduct. It is necessary to determine how this solution interaction imparts the desired reactivity to best employ this method. Herein, we report detailed kinetic, spectroscopic, and colligative measurements applied toward the identification of the solution structures of the active Fe(III) and Ga(III) carbonyl-olefin metathesis catalysts. These data are consistent with formation of Lewis acid-carbonyl pairs for both metal systems under stoichiometric conditions. However, they diverge in the presence of higher equivalents of carbonyl, with Fe(III) forming highly ligated complexes, and no observed change for Ga(III). These findings are consistent with the resting state identity of the Fe(III) metathesis catalyst changing over the course of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Mary C. Psaltakis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Janiel J. Cortes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - James J. Devery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Flanner Hall, 1068 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
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