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Ronchi C, Galli C, Tullii G, Marzuoli C, Mazzola M, Malferrari M, Crasto S, Rapino S, Di Pasquale E, Antognazza MR. Nongenetic Optical Modulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Cardiomyocytes Function in the Red Spectral Range. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304303. [PMID: 37948328 PMCID: PMC10797444 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical stimulation in the red/near infrared range recently gained increasing interest, as a not-invasive tool to control cardiac cell activity and repair in disease conditions. Translation of this approach to therapy is hampered by scarce efficacy and selectivity. The use of smart biocompatible materials, capable to act as local, NIR-sensitive interfaces with cardiac cells, may represent a valuable solution, capable to overcome these limitations. In this work, a far red-responsive conjugated polymer, namely poly[2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]] (PCPDTBT) is proposed for the realization of photoactive interfaces with cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs). Optical excitation of the polymer turns into effective ionic and electrical modulation of hPSC-CMs, in particular by fastening Ca2+ dynamics, inducing action potential shortening, accelerating the spontaneous beating frequency. The involvement in the phototransduction pathway of Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) and Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is proven by pharmacological assays and is correlated with physical/chemical processes occurring at the polymer surface upon photoexcitation. Very interestingly, an antiarrhythmogenic effect, unequivocally triggered by polymer photoexcitation, is also observed. Overall, red-light excitation of conjugated polymers may represent an unprecedented opportunity for fine control of hPSC-CMs functionality and can be considered as a perspective, noninvasive approach to treat arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ronchi
- Center for Nano Science and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilano20133Italy
| | - Camilla Galli
- Humanitas Cardio CenterIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilan20089Italy
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilano20133Italy
| | - Camilla Marzuoli
- Center for Nano Science and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilano20133Italy
- Politecnico di MilanoPhysics Dept.P.zza L. Da Vinci 32Milano20133Italy
| | - Marta Mazzola
- Humanitas Cardio CenterIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilan20089Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna‘‘Giacomo Ciamician,’’via Francesco Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Silvia Crasto
- Humanitas Cardio CenterIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilan20089Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna‘‘Giacomo Ciamician,’’via Francesco Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Humanitas Cardio CenterIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilan20089Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB)UOS of Milan—National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Milan20138Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and TechnologyIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaMilano20133Italy
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Kuermanbayi S, Zhuang J, Zhang H, Xu F, Li F. Matrix stiffness-dependent microglia activation in response to inflammatory cues: in situ investigation by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Chem Sci 2023; 15:171-184. [PMID: 38131065 PMCID: PMC10732011 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03504b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by sensing and responding to mechanical and inflammatory cues in their microenvironment. However, the interplay between mechanical and inflammatory cues in regulating microglia activation remains elusive. In this work, we constructed in vitro mechanical-inflammatory coupled microenvironment models of microglia by culturing BV2 cells (a murine microglial cell line) on polyacrylamide gels with tunable stiffness and incorporating a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the physiological and pathological microenvironment of microglia in the hippocampus. Through characterization of activation-related proteins, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, we observed that the LPS treatment induced microglia on a stiff matrix to exhibit overexpression of NOX2, higher levels of ROS and inflammatory factors compared to those on a soft matrix. Additionally, using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), we performed in situ characterization and discovered that microglia on a stiff matrix promoted extracellular ROS production, leading to a disruption in their redox balance and increased susceptibility to LPS-induced ROS production. Furthermore, the respiratory activity and migration behavior of microglia were closely associated with their activation process, with the stiff matrix-LPS-induced microglia demonstrating the most pronounced changes in respiratory activity and migration ability. This work represents the first in situ and dynamic monitoring of microglia activation state alterations under a mechanical-inflammatory coupled microenvironment using SECM. Our findings shed light on matrix stiffness-dependent activation of microglia in response to an inflammatory microenvironment, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammatory processes in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yabei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Shuake Kuermanbayi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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3
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Lin TE, Darvishi S. A Brief Review of In Situ and Operando Electrochemical Analysis of Bacteria by Scanning Probes. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:695. [PMID: 37504094 PMCID: PMC10377567 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are similar to social organisms that engage in critical interactions with one another, forming spatially structured communities. Despite extensive research on the composition, structure, and communication of bacteria, the mechanisms behind their interactions and biofilm formation are not yet fully understood. To address this issue, scanning probe techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), and scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM) have been utilized to analyze bacteria. This review article focuses on summarizing the use of electrochemical scanning probes for investigating bacteria, including analysis of electroactive metabolites, enzymes, oxygen consumption, ion concentrations, pH values, biofilms, and quorum sensing molecules to provide a better understanding of bacterial interactions and communication. SECM has been combined with other techniques, such as AFM, inverted optical microscopy, SICM, and fluorescence microscopy. This allows a comprehensive study of the surfaces of bacteria while also providing more information on their metabolic activity. In general, the use of scanning probes for the detection of bacteria has shown great promise and has the potential to provide a powerful tool for the study of bacterial physiology and the detection of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-En Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sorour Darvishi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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4
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De Zio S, Becconi M, Soldà A, Malferrari M, Lesch A, Rapino S. Glucose micro-biosensor for scanning electrochemical microscopy characterization of cellular metabolism in hypoxic microenvironments. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108343. [PMID: 36608371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mapping of the metabolic activity of tumor tissues represents a fundamental approach to better identify the tumor type, elucidate metastatic mechanisms and support the development of targeted cancer therapies. The spatially resolved quantification of Warburg effect key metabolites, such as glucose and lactate, is essential. Miniaturized electrochemical biosensors scanned over cancer cells and tumor tissue to visualize the metabolic characteristics of a tumor is attractive but very challenging due to the limited oxygen availability in the hypoxic environments of tumors that impedes the reliable applicability of glucose oxidase-based glucose micro-biosensors. Herein, the development and application of a new glucose micro-biosensor is presented that can be reliably operated under hypoxic conditions. The micro-biosensor is fabricated in a one-step synthesis by entrapping during the electrochemically driven growth of a polymeric matrix on a platinum microelectrode glucose oxidase and a catalytically active Prussian blue type aggregate and mediator. The as-obtained functionalization improves significantly the sensitivity of the developed micro-biosensor for glucose detection under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions. By using the micro-biosensor as non-invasive sensing probe in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM), the glucose uptake by a breast metastatic adenocarcinoma cell line, with an epithelial morphology, is measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Zio
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maila Becconi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Soldà
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Nano-Electrochemical Characterization of a 3D Bioprinted Cervical Tumor Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041327. [PMID: 36831668 PMCID: PMC9954750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cancer research is limited by the availability of reliable in vivo and in vitro models that are able to reproduce the fundamental hallmarks of cancer. Animal experimentation is of paramount importance in the progress of research, but it is becoming more evident that it has several limitations due to the numerous differences between animal tissues and real, in vivo human tissues. 3D bioprinting techniques have become an attractive tool for many basic and applied research fields. Concerning cancer, this technology has enabled the development of three-dimensional in vitro tumor models that recreate the characteristics of real tissues and look extremely promising for studying cancer cell biology. As 3D bioprinting is a relatively recently developed technique, there is still a lack of characterization of the chemical cellular microenvironment of 3D bioprinted constructs. In this work, we fabricated a cervical tumor model obtained by 3D bioprinting of HeLa cells in an alginate-based matrix. Characterization of the spheroid population obtained as a function of culturing time was performed by phase-contrast and confocal fluorescence microscopies. Scanning electrochemical microscopy and platinum nanoelectrodes were employed to characterize oxygen concentrations-a fundamental characteristic of the cellular microenvironment-with a high spatial resolution within the 3D bioprinted cervical tumor model; we also demonstrated that the diffusion of a molecular model of drugs in the 3D bioprinted construct, in which the spheroids were embedded, could be measured quantitatively over time using scanning electrochemical microscopy.
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Tang B, Liu M, Dietzel A. Low-Cost Impedance Camera for Cell Distribution Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:281. [PMID: 36832047 PMCID: PMC9954133 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely recognized as a powerful tool in biomedical research. For example, it allows detection and monitoring of diseases, measuring of cell density in bioreactors, and characterizing the permeability of tight junctions in barrier-forming tissue models. However, with single-channel measurement systems, only integral information is obtained without spatial resolution. Here we present a low-cost multichannel impedance measurement set-up capable of mapping cell distributions in a fluidic environment by using a microelectrode array (MEA) realized in 4-level printed circuit board (PCB) technology including layers for shielding, interconnections, and microelectrodes. The array of 8 × 8 gold microelectrode pairs was connected to home-built electric circuitry consisting of commercial components such as programmable multiplexers and an analog front-end module which allows the acquisition and processing of electrical impedances. For a proof-of-concept, the MEA was wetted in a 3D printed reservoir into which yeast cells were locally injected. Impedance maps were recorded at 200 kHz which correlate well with the optical images showing the yeast cell distribution in the reservoir. Blurring from parasitic currents slightly disturbing the impedance maps could be eliminated by deconvolution using an experimentally determined point spread function. The MEA of the impedance camera can in future be further miniaturized and integrated into cell cultivation and perfusion systems such as organ on chip devices to augment or even replace light microscopic monitoring of cell monolayer confluence and integrity during the cultivation in incubation chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technische Universität Brauschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Brauschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universitãt Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technische Universität Brauschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Brauschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technische Universität Brauschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Brauschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universitãt Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Vyas V, Kotla NG, Rochev Y, Poudel A, Biggs M. Multifrequency dielectric mapping of fixed mice colon tissues in cell culture media via scanning electrochemical microscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1063063. [PMID: 36845172 PMCID: PMC9947134 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1063063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternating current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) is a powerful tool for characterizing the electrochemical reactivity of surfaces. Here, perturbation in the sample is induced by the alternating current and altered local potential is measured by the SECM probe. This technique has been used to investigate many exotic a range of biological interfaces including live cells and tissues, as well as the corrosive degradation of various metallic surfaces, etc. In principle, AC-SECM imaging is derived from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) which has been used for a century to describe interfacial and diffusive behaviour of molecules in solution or on a surface. Increasingly bioimpedance centric medical devices have become an important tool to detect evolution of tissue biochemistry. Predictive implications of measuring electrochemical changes within a tissue is one of the core concepts in developing minimally invasive and smart medical devices. In this study, cross sections of mice colon tissue were used for AC-SECM imaging. A 10 micron sized platinum probe was used for two-dimensional (2D) tan δ mapping of histological sections at a frequency of 10 kHz, Thereafter, multifrequency scans were performed at 100 Hz, 10 kHz, 300 kHz, and 900 kHz. Loss tangent (tan δ) mapping of mice colon revealed microscale regions within a tissue possessing a discrete tan δ signature. This tan δ map may be an immediate measure of physiological conditions in biological tissues. Multifrequency scans highlight subtle changes in protein or lipid composition as a function of frequency which was recorded as loss tangent maps. Impedance profile at different frequencies could also be used to identify optimal contrast for imaging and extracting the electrochemical signature specific for a tissue and its electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vyas
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France,*Correspondence: Varun Vyas, ; Manus Biggs,
| | - Niranjan G. Kotla
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anup Poudel
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Manus Biggs
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland,*Correspondence: Varun Vyas, ; Manus Biggs,
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Micro- and nano-devices for electrochemical sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractElectrode miniaturization has profoundly revolutionized the field of electrochemical sensing, opening up unprecedented opportunities for probing biological events with a high spatial and temporal resolution, integrating electrochemical systems with microfluidics, and designing arrays for multiplexed sensing. Several technological issues posed by the desire for downsizing have been addressed so far, leading to micrometric and nanometric sensing systems with different degrees of maturity. However, there is still an endless margin for researchers to improve current strategies and cope with demanding sensing fields, such as lab-on-a-chip devices and multi-array sensors, brain chemistry, and cell monitoring. In this review, we present current trends in the design of micro-/nano-electrochemical sensors and cutting-edge applications reported in the last 10 years. Micro- and nanosensors are divided into four categories depending on the transduction mechanism, e.g., amperometric, impedimetric, potentiometric, and transistor-based, to best guide the reader through the different detection strategies and highlight major advancements as well as still unaddressed demands in electrochemical sensing.
Graphical Abstract
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Li Y, Ye Z, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Song J, Xu F, Li F. In Situ and Quantitative Monitoring of Cardiac Tissues Using Programmable Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10515-10523. [PMID: 35822575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cardiac tissue model holds great potential as a powerful platform for drug screening. Respiratory activity, contraction frequency, and extracellular H2O2 levels are the three key parameters for determining the physiological functions of cardiac tissues, which are technically challenging to be monitored in an in situ and quantitative manner. Herein, we constructed an in vitro cardiac tissue model on polyacrylamide gels and applied a pulsatile electrical field to promote the maturation of the cardiac tissue. Then, we built a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) platform with programmable pulse potentials to in situ characterize the dynamic changes in the respiratory activity, contraction frequency, and extracellular H2O2 level of cardiac tissues under both normal physiological and drug (isoproterenol and propranolol) treatment conditions using oxygen, ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCOOH), and H2O2 as the corresponding redox mediators. The SECM results showed that isoproterenol treatment induced enhanced oxygen consumption, accelerated contractile frequency, and increased released H2O2 level, while propranolol treatment induced dynamically decreased oxygen consumption and contractile frequency and no obvious change in H2O2 levels, suggesting the effects of activation and inhibition of β-adrenoceptor on the metabolic and electrophysiological activities of cardiac tissues. Our work realizes the in situ and quantitative monitoring of respiratory activity, contraction frequency, and secreted H2O2 level of living cardiac tissues using SECM for the first time. The programmable SECM methodology can also be used to real-time and quantitatively monitor electrochemical and electrophysiological parameters of cardiac tissues for future drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabei Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiovasology, Xidian Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710077, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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10
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Iwama T, Inoue KY, Shiku H. Fabrication of High-Density Vertical Closed Bipolar Electrode Arrays by Carbon Paste Filling Method for Two-Dimensional Chemical Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8857-8866. [PMID: 35700401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a carbon paste filling method was proposed as a simple strategy for fabricating high-density bipolar electrode (BPE) arrays for bipolar electrochemical microscopy (BEM). High spatiotemporal resolution imaging was achieved using the fabricated BPE array. BEM, which is an emerging microscopic system in recent years, achieves label-free and high spatiotemporal resolution imaging of molecular distributions using high-density BPE arrays and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals. We devised a simple method to fabricate a BPE array by filling a porous plate with carbon paste and succeeded in fabricating a high-density BPE array (15 μm pitch). After a detailed observation of the surface of the BPE array using a scanning electron microscope, the basic electrochemical and ECL emission characteristics were evaluated using potassium ferricyanide solution as a sample solution. Moreover, inflow imaging of the sample molecules was conducted to evaluate the imaging ability of the prepared BPE array. In addition, Prussian Blue containing carbon ink was applied to the sample solution side of the BPE array to provide catalytic activity to hydrogen peroxide, and the quantification and inflow imaging of hydrogen peroxide by ECL signals was achieved. This simple fabrication method of the BPE array can accelerate the research and development of BEM. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide imaging by BEM is an important milestone for achieving bioimaging with high spatiotemporal resolution such as biomolecule imaging using enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iwama
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kumi Y Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Center for Basic Education, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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Liu YL, Zhao YX, Li YB, Ye ZY, Zhang JJ, Zhou Y, Gao TY, Li F. Recent Advances of Nanoelectrodes for Single-Cell Electroanalysis: From Extracellular, Intercellular to Intracellular. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-022-00223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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Electrochemiluminescence imaging of cellular adhesion in vascular endothelial cells during tube formation on hydrogel scaffolds. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Nasri Z, Memari S, Striesow J, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Wende K. Application of scanning electrochemical microscopy for topography imaging of supported lipid bilayers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1077-1082. [PMID: 35201253 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in cellular environments may cause lipid oxidation and membrane degradation. Therefore, studying the degree of lipid membrane morphological changes by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species will be informative in oxidative stress-based therapies. This study introduces the possibility of using scanning electrochemical microscopy as a powerful imaging technique to follow the topographical changes of a solid-supported lipid bilayer model induced by reactive species produced from gas plasma. The introduced strategy is not limited to investigating the effect of reactive species on the lipid bilayer but could be extended to understand the morphological changes of the lipid bilayer due to the action of membrane proteins or antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nasri
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Seyedali Memari
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Striesow
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Center for Innovation Competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.
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14
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UTAGAWA Y, ITO K, INOUE KY, NASHIMOTO Y, INO K, SHIKU H. Electrochemical Substrates and Systems for Enzyme-Based Bioassays. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2022. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.71.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kentaro ITO
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | - Kumi Y. INOUE
- Center for Basic Education, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yuji NASHIMOTO
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Kosuke INO
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
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15
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Manousiouthakis E, Park J, Hardy JG, Lee JY, Schmidt CE. Towards the translation of electroconductive organic materials for regeneration of neural tissues. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:22-42. [PMID: 34339871 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based conductive and electroactive materials (e.g., derivatives of graphene, fullerenes, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline) have been studied since the 1970s for use in a broad range of applications. These materials have electrical properties comparable to those of commonly used metals, while providing other benefits such as flexibility in processing and modification with biologics (e.g., cells, biomolecules), to yield electroactive materials with biomimetic mechanical and chemical properties. In this review, we focus on the uses of these electroconductive materials in the context of the central and peripheral nervous system, specifically recent studies in the peripheral nerve, spinal cord, brain, eye, and ear. We also highlight in vivo studies and clinical trials, as well as a snapshot of emerging classes of electroconductive materials (e.g., biodegradable materials). We believe such specialized electrically conductive biomaterials will clinically impact the field of tissue regeneration in the foreseeable future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review addresses the use of conductive and electroactive materials for neural tissue regeneration, which is of significant interest to a broad readership, and of particular relevance to the growing community of scientists, engineers and clinicians in academia and industry who develop novel medical devices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The review covers the materials that may be employed (primarily focusing on derivatives of fullerenes, graphene and conjugated polymers) and techniques used to analyze materials composed thereof, followed by sections on the application of these materials to nervous tissues (i.e., peripheral nerve, spinal cord, brain, optical, and auditory tissues) throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Manousiouthakis
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States
| | - Junggeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - John G Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom; Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, FL, United States.
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16
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Ben Trad F, Wieczny V, Delacotte J, Morel M, Guille-Collignon M, Arbault S, Lemaître F, Sojic N, Labbé E, Buriez O. Dynamic Electrochemiluminescence Imaging of Single Giant Liposome Opening at Polarized Electrodes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1686-1696. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Trad
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Wieczny
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delacotte
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Morel
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248 CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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17
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Steady-state voltammetric characterization and simulation-aided study of the mass transfer enhancement at conical W/WO2 ultramicroelectrodes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Utagawa Y, Hiramoto K, Nashimoto Y, Ino K, Shiku H. In vitro electrochemical assays for vascular cells and organs. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Utagawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Kaoru Hiramoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
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19
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20
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Shi M, Wang L, Xie Z, Zhao L, Zhang X, Zhang M. High-Content Label-Free Single-Cell Analysis with a Microfluidic Device Using Programmable Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12417-12425. [PMID: 34464090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cellular heterogeneity and plasticity are often overlooked due to the averaged bulk assay in conventional methods. Optical imaging-based single-cell analysis usually requires specific labeling of target molecules inside or on the surface of the cell membrane, interfering with the physiological homeostasis of the cell. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), as an alternative approach, enables label-free imaging of single cells, which still confronts the challenge that the long-time scanning process is not feasible for large-scale analysis at the single-cell level. Herein, we developed a methodology combining a programmable SECM (P-SECM) with an addressable microwell array, which dramatically shortened the time consumption for the topography detection of the micropits array occupied by the polystyrene beads as well as the evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the 82 single cells compared with the traditional SECM imaging. This new arithmetic was based on the line scanning approach, enabling analysis of over 900 microwells within 1.2 h, which is 10 times faster than conventional SECM imaging. By implementing this configuration with the dual-mediator-based voltage-switching (VSM) mode, we investigated the activity of ALP, a promising marker for cancer stem cells, in hundreds of tumor and stromal cells on a single microwell device. The results discovered that not only a higher ALP activity is presented in cancer cells but also the heterogeneous distribution of kinetic constant (kf value) of ALP activity can be obtained at the single-cell level. By directly relating large numbers of addressed cells on the scalable microfluidic device to the deterministic routing of the above SECM tip, our platform holds potential as a high-content screening tool for label-free single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenda Xie
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,Centre of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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21
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Scholz F. Glazunov’s electrography—the first electrochemical imaging and the first solid-state electroanalysis. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-04967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAleksandr Il’ich Glazunov developed the first electrochemical technique to image the surface of conducting solids giving the technique the name electrography. The electrographic images can mirror the distribution of elements on the surface of solid materials and also the electrochemical activity, caused by variations of “dissolution tension”. Thus, he has established for the first time a kind of spatially resolved electrochemistry. Electrography is also the first direct electroanalytical technique for solid materials. The present paper gives an account of his turbulent life in Russia, Czechoslovakia and Chile, and a discussion of his main scientific achievement, the development of electrography.
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22
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A Review: Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) for Visualizing the Real-Time Local Catalytic Activity. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful scanning probe technique for measuring the in situ electrochemical reactions occurring at various sample interfaces, such as the liquid-liquid, solid-liquid, and liquid-gas. The tip/probe of SECM is usually an ultramicroelectrode (UME) or a nanoelectrode that can move towards or over the sample of interest controlled by a precise motor positioning system. Remarkably, electrocatalysts play a crucial role in addressing the surge in global energy consumption by providing sustainable alternative energy sources. Therefore, the precise measurement of catalytic reactions offers profound insights for designing novel catalysts as well as for enhancing their performance. SECM proves to be an excellent tool for characterization and screening catalysts as the probe can rapidly scan along one direction over the sample array containing a large number of different compositions. These features make SECM more appealing than other conventional methodologies for assessing bulk solutions. SECM can be employed for investigating numerous catalytic reactions including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), water oxidation, glucose oxidation reaction (GOR), and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with high spatial resolution. Moreover, for improving the catalyst design, several SECM modes can be applied based on the catalytic reactions under evaluation. This review aims to present a brief overview of the recent applications of electrocatalysts and their kinetics as well as catalytic sites in electrochemical reactions, such as oxygen reduction, water oxidation, and methanol oxidation.
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23
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Sero JE, Stevens MM. Nanoneedle-Based Materials for Intracellular Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:191-219. [PMID: 33543461 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoneedles, defined as high aspect ratio structures with tip diameters of 5 to approximately 500 nm, are uniquely able to interface with the interior of living cells. Their nanoscale dimensions mean that they are able to penetrate the plasma membrane with minimal disruption of normal cellular functions, allowing researchers to probe the intracellular space and deliver or extract material from individual cells. In the last decade, a variety of strategies have been developed using nanoneedles, either singly or as arrays, to investigate the biology of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These include hollow nanoneedles for soluble probe delivery, nanocapillaries for single-cell biopsy, nano-AFM for direct physical measurements of cytosolic proteins, and a wide range of fluorescent and electrochemical nanosensors for analyte detection. Nanofabrication has improved to the point that nanobiosensors can detect individual vesicles inside the cytoplasm, delineate tumor margins based on intracellular enzyme activity, and measure changes in cell metabolism almost in real time. While most of these applications are currently in the proof-of-concept stage, nanoneedle technology is poised to offer cancer biologists a powerful new set of tools for probing cells with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Sero
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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24
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Wu J, Lv W, Yang Q, Li H, Li F. Label-free homogeneous electrochemical detection of MicroRNA based on target-induced anti-shielding against the catalytic activity of two-dimension nanozyme. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Magnabosco G, Pantano MF, Rapino S, Di Giosia M, Valle F, Taxis L, Sparla F, Falini G, Pugno NM, Calvaresi M. A Plant Bioreactor for the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Bionic Nanocomposites. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:560349. [PMID: 33251194 PMCID: PMC7676904 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.560349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bionic composites are an emerging class of materials produced exploiting living organisms as reactors to include synthetic functional materials in their native and highly performing structures. In this work, single wall carboxylated carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOH) were incorporated within the roots of living plants of Arabidopsis thaliana. This biogenic synthetic route produced a bionic composite material made of root components and SWCNT-COOH. The synthesis was possible exploiting the transport processes existing in the plant roots. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements showed that SWCNT-COOH entered the vascular bundles of A. thaliana roots localizing within xylem vessels. SWCNT-COOH preserved their electrical properties when embedded inside the root matrix, both at a microscopic level and a macroscopic level, and did not significantly affect the mechanical properties of A. thaliana roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Magnabosco
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria F Pantano
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovic Taxis
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Alma mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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26
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Xue Y, Lee J, Kim HJ, Cho HJ, Zhou X, Liu Y, Tebon P, Hoffman T, Qu M, Ling H, Jiang X, Li Z, Zhang S, Sun W, Ahadian S, Dokmeci MR, Lee K, Khademhosseini A. Rhodamine Conjugated Gelatin Methacryloyl Nanoparticles for Stable Cell Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6908-6918. [PMID: 35019352 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanomaterials have been widely used in biological imaging due to their selectivity, sensitivity, and noninvasive nature. These characteristics make the materials suitable for real-time and in situ imaging. However, further development of highly biocompatible nanosystems with long-lasting fluorescent intensity and photostability is needed for advanced bioimaging. We have used electrospraying to generate gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) with chemically conjugated rhodamine B (RB). The extent of conjugation can be controlled by varying the mass ratio of RB and GelMA precursors to obtain RB-conjugated GelMA (RB-GelMA) NPs with optimal fluorescent properties and particle size. These NPs exhibited superior biocompatibility when compared with pure RB in in vitro cell viability and proliferation assays using multiple cell types. Moreover, RB-GelMA NPs showed enhanced cell internalization and improved brightness compared with unconjugated RB. Our experiments demonstrate that engineered RB-GelMA NPs can be used as a biocompatible fluorescent label for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xue
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yaowen Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Moyuan Qu
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haonan Ling
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xing Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - KangJu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, United States
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27
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Ning X, Wu T, Xiong Q, Zhang F, He PG. Identification of Cell Status via Simultaneous Multitarget Imaging Using Programmable Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12111-12115. [PMID: 32799521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A programmable multitarget-response electrochemical imaging technique was presented using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) combined with a self-designed waveform. The potential waveform applied to the tip decreased the charging current caused by the potential switch, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. This programmable SECM (P-SECM) method was used to scan a metal strip for verifying its feasibility in feedback mode. Since it could achieve simultaneous multitarget imaging during one single imaging process, PC12 cells status was imaged and identified through three different molecules (FcMeOH, Ru(NH3)63+, and oxygen). The FcMeOH image eliminated the error from cell height, and the Ru(NH3)63+ image verified the change of membrane permeability. Moreover, the oxygen image demonstrated the bioactivity of the cell via its intensity of respiration. Combining information from these three molecules, the cell status could be determined accurately and also the error caused by time consumption with multiple scans in traditional SECM was eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ning
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Pin-Gang He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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28
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Sparks NE, Ranathunge TA, Attanayake NH, Brodgon P, Delcamp JH, Rajapakse RMG, Watkins DL. Electrochemical Copolymerization of Isoindigo‐Based Donor‐Acceptor Polymers with Intrinsically Enhanced Conductivity and Near‐Infrared‐II Activity. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Sparks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | - Tharindu A. Ranathunge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | | | - Phillip Brodgon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
| | | | - Davita L. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677-1848 USA
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29
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Gao H, Han W, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Electrochemiluminescence Imaging for the Morphological and Quantitative Analysis of Living Cells under External Stimulation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8278-8284. [PMID: 32458679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging method based on the cell shield of the ECL emission was developed for the morphological and quantitative analysis of living cells under external stimulation. ECL images of MCF-7 cells cultured on or captured at the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface in a solution of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-tri-n-propylamine were recorded. Important morphological characteristics of living cells, including cell shape, cell area, average cell boundary, and junction distance between two adjacent cells, were directly obtained using the developed negative ECL imaging method. The ECL images revealed gradual morphological changes in cells on the GCE surface. During the course of H2O2 stimulation of cells on the GCE surface, cells shrunk, rounded up, disengaged from surrounding cells, and finally detached from the electrode surface. During the course of electrical stimulation (0.8 V), the cells on the GCE surface exhibited aggregation as demonstrated by increases in the average cell boundary and decreases in the junction distance between two adjacent cells. Additionally, a quantitative method for the sensitive determination of MCF-7 cells with a limit of detection of 29 cells/mL was developed using the negative ECL imaging strategy. This work demonstrates that the proposed negative ECL imaging strategy is a promising approach to assess important morphological characteristics of living cells during the course of external stimulation and to obtain quantitative information on cell concentrations in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Weijuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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30
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Borghese R, Malferrari M, Brucale M, Ortolani L, Franchini M, Rapino S, Borsetti F, Zannoni D. Structural and electrochemical characterization of lawsone-dependent production of tellurium-metal nanoprecipitates by photosynthetic cells of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 133:107456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Abdel Aziz I, Malferrari M, Roggiani F, Tullii G, Rapino S, Antognazza MR. Light-Triggered Electron Transfer between a Conjugated Polymer and Cytochrome C for Optical Modulation of Redox Signaling. iScience 2020; 23:101091. [PMID: 32438318 PMCID: PMC7240120 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein reduction/oxidation processes trigger and finely regulate a myriad of physiological and pathological cellular functions. Many biochemical and biophysical stimuli have been recently explored to precisely and effectively modulate intracellular redox signaling, due to the considerable therapeutic potential. Here, we propose a first step toward an approach based on visible light excitation of a thiophene-based semiconducting polymer (P3HT), demonstrating the realization of a hybrid interface with the Cytochrome c protein (CytC), in an extracellular environment. By means of scanning electrochemical microscopy and spectro-electrochemistry measurements, we demonstrate that, upon optical stimulation, a functional interaction between P3HT and CytC is established. Polymer optical excitation locally triggers photoelectrochemical reactions, leading to modulation of CytC redox activity, either through an intermediate step, involving reactive oxygen species formation, or via a direct photoreduction process. Both processes are triggered by light, thus allowing excellent spatiotemporal resolution, paving the way to precise modulation of protein redox signaling. Conjugated polymers and light modulate the redox state of cytochrome c protein Phototransduction processes are clarified by electrochemical microscopy The approach opens the way to selective optical triggering of protein redox state
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Abdel Aziz
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Roggiani
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy; Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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32
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Anderson TJ, Defnet PA, Zhang B. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-Based Electrochemical Imaging Using a Massive Array of Bipolar Ultramicroelectrodes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6748-6755. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd J. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Peter A. Defnet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
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33
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Ino K, Yaegaki R, Hiramoto K, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H. Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for On-Chip Analysis of Cellular Respiration by Cell Aggregates. ACS Sens 2020; 5:740-745. [PMID: 31997640 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell aggregates have attracted much attention owing to their potential applications in tissue engineering and drug screening. To evaluate cellular respiration of individual cell aggregates in these applications, noninvasive and on-chip high-throughput analytical tools are necessary. Electrochemical methods for detecting oxygen concentrations are useful because of their noninvasiveness. However, these conventional methods may be unsuitable for high-throughput detection because it is difficult to prepare many electrodes on a small chip owing to the limitation of area for connecting electrodes. Alternatively, a bipolar electrode (BPE) system offers clear advantages. In this system, electrochemical reactions are induced at both ends of a BPE without complex wiring. In this study, we present a BPE array for detecting the respiratory activity of cell aggregates. Oxygen concentrations near cell aggregates at cathodic poles of BPEs were converted to electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals of [Ru(bpy)3]2+/tripropylamine at anodic poles of BPEs. To separate ECL chemicals from cell aggregates, we fabricated a closed BPE device containing analytical and reporter chambers. As a proof of concept, 32 BPEs were controlled wirelessly using a pair of driving electrodes, and the respiratory activities of individual MCF-7 cell aggregates as a cancer model were successfully detected by monitoring ECL signals. Compared with conventional electrode arrays for cell analysis, the wiring of the current device was simple because the multiple BPEs functioned with only a single power supply. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of on-chip analysis of cellular activity using a BPE system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yaegaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hiramoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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34
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Atomic force microscopy - Scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM-SECM) for nanoscale topographical and electrochemical characterization: Principles, applications and perspectives. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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35
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Ino K, Ozawa F, Dang N, Hiramoto K, Hino S, Akasaka R, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H. Biofabrication Using Electrochemical Devices and Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900234. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Fumisato Ozawa
- Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4‐6‐1 Komaba Meguro‐ku Tokyo 153–8505 Japan
| | - Ning Dang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement CNRS‐Université de Lorraine Villers‐lès‐Nancy 54600 France
| | - Kaoru Hiramoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Shodai Hino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Rise Akasaka
- School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8578 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
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36
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Long YT, Meade TJ. Advances in optical and electrochemical techniques for biomedical imaging. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc90119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Yi-Tao Long and Thomas J. Meade introduce the Chemical Science retrospective themed collection on advances in optical and electrochemical techniques for biomedical imaging.
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37
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Iwama T, Inoue KY, Abe H, Matsue T, Shiku H. Bioimaging using bipolar electrochemical microscopy with improved spatial resolution. Analyst 2020; 145:6895-6900. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed bipolar electrochemical microscopy (BEM) using a closed bipolar electrode (cBPE) array with an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detecting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iwama
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Kumi Y. Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hiroya Abe
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Center for Promotion of Innovation Strategy
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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38
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Darvishi S, Pick H, Lin TE, Zhu Y, Li X, Ho PC, Girault HH, Lesch A. Tape-Stripping Electrochemical Detection of Melanoma. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12900-12908. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sorour Darvishi
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Horst Pick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tzu-En Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yingdi Zhu
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1015 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1015 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1015 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, CH-1015 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Valais Wallis, Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, IT-40136 Bologna, Italy
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39
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Pathirathna P, Balla RJ, Meng G, Wei Z, Amemiya S. Nanoscale electrostatic gating of molecular transport through nuclear pore complexes as probed by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7929-7936. [PMID: 31673318 PMCID: PMC6788534 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a large protein nanopore that solely mediates molecular transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. There is a long-standing consensus that selective transport barriers of the NPC are exclusively based on hydrophobic repeats of phenylalanine and glycine (FG) of nucleoporins. Herein, we reveal experimentally that charged residues of amino acids intermingled between FG repeats can modulate molecular transport through the NPC electrostatically and in a pathway-dependent manner. Specifically, we investigate the NPC of the Xenopus oocyte nucleus to find that excess positive charges of FG-rich nucleoporins slow down passive transport of a polycationic peptide, protamine, without affecting that of a polyanionic pentasaccharide, Arixtra, and small monovalent ions. Protamine transport is slower with a lower concentration of electrolytes in the transport media, where the Debye length becomes comparable to the size of water-filled spaces among the gel-like network of FG repeats. Slow protamine transport is not affected by the binding of a lectin, wheat germ agglutinin, to the peripheral route of the NPC, which is already blocked electrostatically by adjacent nucleoporins that have more cationic residues than anionic residues and even FG dipeptides. The permeability of NPCs to the probe ions is measured by scanning electrochemical microscopy using ion-selective tips based on liquid/liquid microinterfaces and is analysed by effective medium theory to determine the sizes of peripheral and central routes with distinct protamine permeability. Significantly, nanoscale electrostatic gating at the NPC can be relevant not only chemically and biologically, but also biomedically for efficient nuclear import of genetically therapeutic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Pathirathna
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , USA .
| | - Ryan J Balla
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , USA .
| | - Guanqun Meng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , USA .
| | - Zemeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , USA .
| | - Shigeru Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , USA .
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40
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Bettazzi F, Palchetti I. Nanotoxicity assessment: A challenging application for cutting edge electroanalytical tools. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1072:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Dai Y, Liu CC. Recent Advances on Electrochemical Biosensing Strategies toward Universal Point-of-Care Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12355-12368. [PMID: 30990933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A number of very recently developed electrochemical biosensing strategies are promoting electrochemical biosensing systems into practical point-of-care applications. The focus of research endeavors has transferred from detection of a specific analyte to the development of general biosensing strategies that can be applied for a single category of analytes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and cells. In this Minireview, recent cutting-edge research on electrochemical biosensing strategies are described. These developments resolved critical challenges regarding the application of electrochemical biosensors to practical point-of-care systems, such as rapid readout, simple biosensor fabrication method, ultra-high detection sensitivity, direct analysis in a complex biological matrix, and multiplexed target analysis. This Minireview provides general guidelines both for scientists in the biosensing research community and for the biosensor industry on development of point-of-care system, benefiting global healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dai
- Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Chung Chiun Liu
- Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
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42
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Ino K, Onodera T, Fukuda MT, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H. Combination of Double-Mediator System with Large-Scale Integration-Based Amperometric Devices for Detecting NAD(P)H:quinone Oxidoreductase 1 Activity of Cancer Cell Aggregates. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1619-1625. [PMID: 30995391 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a key enzyme providing cytoprotection from quinone species. In addition, it is expressed at high levels in many human tumors, such as breast cancer. Therefore, it is considered to be a potential target in cancer treatment. In order to detect intracellular NQO1 activity in MCF-7 aggregates as a cancer model, we present, in this study, a double-mediator system combined with large-scale integration (LSI)-based amperometric devices. This LSI device contained 20 × 20 Pt working electrodes with a 250 μm pitch for electrochemical imaging. In the detection system, menadione (MD) and [Fe(CN)6]3- were used. Since MD can diffuse into cells due to its hydrophobicity, it is reduced into menadiol by intracellular NQO1. The menadiol diffuses out of the cells and reduces [Fe(CN)6]3- of a hydrophilic mediator into [Fe(CN)6]4-. The accumulated [Fe(CN)6]4- outside the cells is electrochemically detected at 0.5 V in the LSI device. Using this strategy, the intracellular NQO1 activity of MCF-7 aggregates was successfully detected. The effect of rotenone, which is an inhibitor for Complex I, on NQO1 activity was also investigated. In addition, NQO1 and respiration activities were simultaneously imaged using the detection system that was further combined with electrochemicolor imaging. Thus, the double-mediator system was proven to be useful for evaluating intracellular redox activity of cell aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takehiro Onodera
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mika T. Fukuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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43
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Dai Y, Liu CC. Recent Advances on Electrochemical Biosensing Strategies toward Universal Point‐of‐Care Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dai
- Electronics Design CenterCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
| | - Chung Chiun Liu
- Electronics Design CenterCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
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44
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Ruggeri I, Arbizzani C, Rapino S, Soavi F. Oxygen Redox Reaction in Ionic Liquid and Ionic Liquid-like Based Electrolytes: A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3333-3338. [PMID: 31141369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving the stability of the cathode interface is one of the critical issues for the development of high-performance Li/O2 batteries. The most critical feature to address is the development of electrolytes that mitigate side reactions that bring about cathode passivation. It is well-known that the superoxide anion (O2•-) plays a critical role. Here, we propose scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as an analytical tool to screen the electrolyte of Li/O2 batteries. We demonstrate that by using SECM it is possible to evaluate the stability of O2•- and of the cathode to the passivation process occurring during the oxygen redox reaction. Specifically, we report a study carried out at a glassy carbon electrode in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether with LiTFSI, the latter ranging from the salt-in-solvent to solvent-in-salt regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ruggeri
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician , Alma Mater Studiorum Bologna University , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Catia Arbizzani
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician , Alma Mater Studiorum Bologna University , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician , Alma Mater Studiorum Bologna University , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Francesca Soavi
- Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician , Alma Mater Studiorum Bologna University , 40126 Bologna , Italy
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45
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Scanning electrochemical microscopy in the development of enzymatic sensors and immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111411. [PMID: 31228730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is very useful, non-invasive tool for the analysis of surfaces pre-modified with biomolecules or by whole cells. This review focuses on the application of SECM technique for the analysis of surfaces pre-modified with enzymes (horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose oxidase) or labelled with antibody-enzyme conjugates. The working principles and operating modes of SECM are outlined. The applicability of feedback, generation-collection and redox competition modes of SECM on surfaces modified by enzymes or labelled with antibody-enzyme conjugates is discussed. SECM is important in the development of miniaturized bioanalytical systems with enzymes, since it can provide information about the local enzyme activity. Technical challenges and advantages of SECM, experimental parameters, used enzymes and redox mediators, immunoassay formats and analytical parameters of enzymatic SECM sensors and immunosensors are reviewed.
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47
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Electrochemical monitoring of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and redox balance in living cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4365-4374. [PMID: 31011787 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cells and cell redox balance are of great interest in live cells as they are correlated to several pathological and physiological conditions of living cells. ROS and RNS detection is limited due to their spatially restricted abundance: they are usually located in sub-cellular areas (e.g., in specific organelles) at low concentration. In this work, we will review and highlight the electrochemical approach to this bio-analytical issue. Combining electrochemical methods and miniaturization strategies, specific, highly sensitive, time, and spatially resolved measurements of cellular oxidative stress and redox balance analysis are possible. Graphical abstract In this work, we highlight and review the use of electrochemistry for the highly spatial and temporal resolved detection of ROS/RNS levels and of redox balance in living cells. These levels are central in several pathological and physiological conditions and the electrochemical approach is a vibrant bio-analytical trend in this field.
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Zhao L, Shi M, Liu Y, Zheng X, Xiu J, Liu Y, Tian L, Wang H, Zhang M, Zhang X. Systematic Analysis of Different Cell Spheroids with a Microfluidic Device Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Gene Expression Profiling. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4307-4311. [PMID: 30869520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The 3D cell spheroid is an emerging tool that allows better recapitulating of in vivo scenarios with multiple factors such as tissue-like morphology and membrane protein expression that intimately coordinates with enzyme activity, thus providing a psychological environment for tumorigenesis study. For analyzing different spheroids, conventional optical imaging may be hampered by the need for fluorescent labeling, which could cause toxicity side effects. As an alternative approach, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) enables label-free imaging. However, SECM for cell spheroid imaging is currently suffering from incapability of systematically analyzing the cell aggregates from spheroid generation, electrochemical signal gaining, and the gene expression on different individual cell spheroids. Herein, we developed a top-removable microfluidic device for cell aggregate yielding and SECM imaging methodology to analyze heterotypic 3D cell spheroids on a single device. This technique allows not only on-chip culturing of cell aggregates but also SECM imaging of the spheroids after opening the chip and subsequent qPCR assay of corresponding clusters. Through employment of the micropit arrays (85 × 4) with a top withdrawable microfluidic layer, uniformly sized breast tumor cell and fibroblast spheroids can be simultaneously produced on a single device. By leveraging voltage-switching mode SECM at different potentials of dual mediators, we evaluated alkaline phosphatase without disturbance of substrate morphology for distinguishing the tumor aggregates from stroma. Moreover, this method also enables gene expression profiling on individual tumor or stromal spheroids. Therefore, this new strategy can seamlessly bridge SECM measurements and molecular biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Mi Shi
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Xiaonan Zheng
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jidong Xiu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Lu Tian
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Health, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology , University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China
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Chen Z, Fu F, Yu Y, Wang H, Shang Y, Zhao Y. Cardiomyocytes-Actuated Morpho Butterfly Wings. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805431. [PMID: 30589122 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Morpho butterflies are famous for their wings' brilliant structural colors arising from periodic nanostructures, which show great potential value for fundamental research and practical applications. Here, a novel cellular mechanical visualizable biosensor formed by assembling engineered cardiac tissues on the Morpho butterfly wings is presented. The assembled cardiomyocytes benefit from the periodic parallel nanoridges of the wings and can recover their autonomic beating ability with guided cellular orientation and good contraction performance. As the beating processes are accompanied by the cardiomyocytes' elongation and contraction, the elastic butterfly wing substrate undergoes the same cycle of deformations, which causes corresponding synchronous shifts in their structural colors and photonic bandgaps for self-reporting of the cell mechanics. It is demonstrated that this self-reporting performance can be further improved by adding oriented carbon nanotubes in the nanoridges of the wings for the culture. In addition, taking advantage of the similar size of the cardiomyocyte and a single Morpho wing scale, the investigation of single-cell-level mechanics can be realized by detecting the optical performance of a single scale. These remarkable properties make these butterfly wings ideal platforms for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yixuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Vajrala VS, Sekli Belaidi F, Lemercier G, Zigah D, Rigoulet M, Devin A, Sojic N, Temple-Boyer P, Launay J, Arbault S. Microwell array integrating nanoelectrodes for coupled opto-electrochemical monitorings of single mitochondria. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:672-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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