1
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De Franceschi I, Badi N, Du Prez FE. Telechelic sequence-defined oligoamides: their step-economical synthesis, depolymerization and use in polymer networks. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2805-2816. [PMID: 38404375 PMCID: PMC10882489 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of sequence-defined macromolecules in material science remains largely unexplored due to their challenging, low yielding and time-consuming synthesis. This work first describes a step-economical method for synthesizing unnatural sequence-defined oligoamides through fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chemistry. The use of a monodisperse soluble support enables homogeneous reactions at elevated temperature (up to 65 °C), leading to rapid coupling times (<10 min) and improved synthesis protocols. Moreover, a one-pot procedure for the two involved iterative steps is demonstrated via an intermediate quenching step, eliminating the need for in-between purification. The protocol is optimized using γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as initial amino acid, and the unique ability of the resulting oligomers to depolymerize, with the formation of cyclic γ-butyrolactame, is evidenced. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the versatility of the present protocol, a library of 17 unnatural amino acid monomers is synthesized, starting from the readily available GABA-derivative 4-amino-2-hydroxybutanoic acid, and then used to create multifunctional tetramers. Notably, the obtained tetramers show higher thermal stability than a similar thiolactone-based sequence-defined macromolecule, which enables its exploration within a material context. To that end, a bidirectional growth approach is proposed as a greener alternative that reduces the number of synthetic steps to obtain telechelic sequence-defined oligoamides. The latter are finally used as macromers for the preparation of polymer networks. We expect this strategy to pave the way for the further exploration of sequence-defined macromolecules in material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene De Franceschi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
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2
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Weigel RK, Rangamani A, Alabi CA. Synthetically encoded complementary oligomers. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:875-888. [PMID: 37973830 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Creating the next generation of advanced materials will require controlling molecular architecture to a degree typically achieved only in biopolymers. Sequence-defined polymers take inspiration from biology by using chain length and monomer sequence as handles for tuning structure and function. These sequence-defined polymers can assemble into discrete structures, such as molecular duplexes, via reversible interactions between functional groups. Selectivity can be attained by tuning the monomer sequence, thereby creating the need for chemical platforms that can produce sequence-defined polymers at scale. Developing sequence-defined polymers that are specific for their complementary sequence and achieve their desired binding strengths is critical for producing increasingly complex structures for new functional materials. In this Review Article, we discuss synthetic platforms that produce sequence-defined, duplex-forming oligomers of varying length, strength and association mode, and highlight several analytical techniques used to characterize their hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kenton Weigel
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Adithya Rangamani
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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3
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Dey A, Haldar U, Tota R, Faust R, De P. PIB-based block copolymer with a segment having alternating sequence of leucine and alanine side-chain pendants. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2023.2189434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Dey
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Ujjal Haldar
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajasekhar Tota
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudolf Faust
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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4
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Eastwood JRB, Weisberg EI, Katz D, Zuckermann RN, Kirshenbaum K. Guidelines for designing peptoid structures: Insights from the
Peptoid Data Bank. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dana Katz
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York New York USA
| | | | - Kent Kirshenbaum
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York New York USA
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5
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Yang Y, Yu K, Xing F, Zhou Y, Xiao P. Development of Sequence-Controlled, Degradable, and Cytocompatible Oligomers with Explicit Fragmentation Pathways. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200788. [PMID: 36398569 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined and degradable polymers can mimic biopolymers, such as peptides and DNA, to undertake life-supporting functions in a chemical way. The design and development of well-structured oligomers/polymers is the most concern for the public, even to further uncover their degradation process illustrating the degraded products and their properties. However, seldom investigation has been reported on the aforementioned aspects. In this work, the alternating photo-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (photo-RAFT) single unit monomer insertion (SUMI) of different N-substituted maleimides and thermal radical ring-opening SUMI of a cyclic ketene acetal monomer (i.e., 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO)) is adopted, to produce two degradable pentamers owing to the conversion of the exo-methylene group of BMDO into ester bonds along the main chains of the prepared products. Moreover, the possible degraded approach of pentamers is studied by combining high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the first time. This work also sheds light on the precise structures and cytotoxicity of SUMI products and their degraded compounds, proposing a detailed and credible outlook for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, #601 Huangpu West Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Keman Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, #601 Huangpu West Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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6
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A Review on the Synthesis of Polypeptoids. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyeptoids are a promising class of polypeptide mimetic biopolymers based on N-substituted glycine backbones. Because of the high designability of their side chains, polypeptoids have a wide range of applications in surface antifouling, biosensing, drug delivery, and stimuli-responsive materials. To better control the structures and properties of polypeptoids, it is necessary to understand different methods for polypeptoid synthesis. This review paper summarized and discussed the main synthesis methods of polypeptoids: the solid-phase submonomer synthesis method, ring-opening polymerization method and Ugi reaction method.
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7
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Han H, Seale JSW, Feng L, Qiu Y, Stoddart JF. Sequence‐controlled synthesis of rotaxanes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - James S. W. Seale
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou China
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8
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Ren X, Guo C, Li X, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang K. Protecting-Group-Free Iterative Divergent/Convergent Method for Preparing Sequence-Defined Polymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changjuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xijuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shumu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Ma A, Yu X, Liao M, Liu W, Xuan S, Zhang Z. Research Progress in Polypeptoids Prepared by Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerizations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200301. [PMID: 35748135 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptoids, structural mimics of polypeptides, have attracted considerable attention due to their biocompatibility, proteolytic stability, thermal processability, good solubility, synthetic accessibility, and structural diversity. Polypeptoids have emerged as an interesting material in both polymer science and biological field. This review primarily discusses the research progress of polypeptoids prepared by controlled ring-opening polymerizations in the past decade, including synthetic strategies of monomers, polymerizations by different initiators, postfunctionalization, fundamental properties, crystallization-driven self-assembly, and potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyao Ma
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mingzhen Liao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenxiao Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sunting Xuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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10
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Yang W, Choi J, Choi SH, Shin S, Park SM, Lee Y, Seo J. A conjugate of chlorin e6 and cationic amphipathic peptoid: a dual antimicrobial and anticancer photodynamic therapy agent. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 22:655-667. [PMID: 36481980 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cationic amphipathic structures are often utilized in natural membrane-active host-defense peptides. Negatively charged surface membranes of rapidly proliferating bacterial and cancer cells have been targeted by various synthetic peptides and peptidomimetics adopting the structural motif. Herein, we synthesized a set of conjugates composed of cationic amphipathic peptoids (i.e., oligo-N-substituted glycines) and a chlorin photosensitizer, named chlorin e6 (Ce6)-peptoid conjugates (CPCs). Among the nine CPCs, CPC 7, composed of Ce6, a PEG linker, and guanidine-rich helical amphipathic peptoids, exhibited a distinct photoresponsive inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Subsequent studies showed that CPC 7 effectively killed various cancer cells after irradiation with red light (655 nm), suggesting the potential of CPC 7 as a dual antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry data suggested that CPC 7 could induce apoptotic cell death. Our results show the potential of peptoid-based photosensitizer conjugates as a versatile platform for antimicrobial and anticancer photodynamic therapy agents and peptoid therapeutics.
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11
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Guo Z, He J. Synthesis of Linear and Cyclic Discrete Oligomers with Defined Sequences via Efficient Anionic Coupling Reaction. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junpo He
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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12
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Maurya GP, Verma D, Sinha A, Brunsveld L, Haridas V. Hydrophobicity Directed Chiral Self‐Assembly and Aggregation‐Induced Emission: Diacetylene‐Cored Pseudopeptide Chiral Dopants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209806. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Govind P. Maurya
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi- 110016 India
| | - Deepak Verma
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi- 110016 India
| | - Aloka Sinha
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi- 110016 India
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - V. Haridas
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi- 110016 India
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13
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Maurya GP, Verma D, Sinha A, Brunsveld L, Haridas V. Hydrophobicity directed chiral self‐assembly and aggregation induced emission: Diacetylene‐cored pseudopeptide chiral dopants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Govind P. Maurya
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Department of Chemistry Chemistry Hauz Khas 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Deepak Verma
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Physics Hauz Khas 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Aloka Sinha
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Physics Hauz Khas 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Eindhoven University of Technology: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Biology 5600 MB Eindhoven 5600 MB Eindhovan NETHERLANDS
| | - V Haridas
- Indian Institute of Technology Chemistry Hauz KhasNew Delhi 110016 New Delhi INDIA
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14
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Zou J, Zhou M, Xiao X, Liu R. Advance in Hybrid Peptides Synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200575. [PMID: 35978269 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid peptides with heterogeneous backbone are a class of peptide mimics with adjustable proteolytic stability obtained from incorporating unnatural amino acid residues into peptide backbone. α/β-peptides and peptide/peptoid hybrids are two types of hybrid peptides that are widely studied for diverse applications, and several synthetic methods have been developed. In this mini review, the advance in hybrid peptide synthesis is summarized, including solution-phase method, solid-phase method, and novel polymerization method. Conventional solution-phase method and solid-phase method generally result in oligomers with defined sequences, while polymerization methods have advantages in preparing peptide hybrid polymers with high molecular weight with simple operation and low cost. In addition, the future development of polymerization method to realize the control of the peptide hybrid polymer sequence is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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15
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Nguyen NQ, Hamblin RL, DuBay KH. Emergent Sequence Biasing in Step-Growth Copolymerization: Influence of Non-Bonded Interactions and Comonomer Reactivities. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6585-6597. [PMID: 35969198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phase behavior and material properties of copolymers are intrinsically dependent on their primary comonomer sequences. Achieving precise control over monomer sequence in synthetic copolymerizations is challenging, as sequence determination is influenced not only by the reaction conditions and the properties of the reactants but also by the statistical nature of the copolymerization process itself. Mayo-Lewis reactivity ratios are often used to predict copolymer composition and sequence and are based on ratios of static reactivity constants. However, prior results have demonstrated that in a generic, solution-based step-growth A,B-copolymerization, relatively weak non-bonded attractions between certain monomer pairs induce emergent microphase separations. Such polymerization-driven separations lead to deviations from standard kinetics due to the emergent heterogeneities in reactant concentrations, which can also cause significant shifts in the resulting copolymer sequences. Previously, these effects were observed in systems where the activation energies were equal for all reaction pathways, that is, between all monomer pair combinations. In this work, we explore the combined effects on copolymerization kinetics of differences in both activation energies and non-bonded attractions between monomers and examine the sequences produced within this same step-growth copolymerization model. Our results indicate that altering activation energies influences the kinetics and sequences in a manner that also depends on the non-bonded attractions, showing that these effects may work in concert or in opposition to one another to bias the sequences formed. Non-standard kinetic behaviors and long-range sequence biasing are observed under certain conditions, and the extent of each clearly shifts as the reaction proceeds. These findings provide insight into the complex interplay between sequence and nascent oligomer phase behavior, highlighting the potential for exploiting emergent phase properties in the informed design of advanced sequence-biased materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ryan L Hamblin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kateri H DuBay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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16
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Reith MA, De Franceschi I, Soete M, Badi N, Aksakal R, Du Prez FE. Sequence-Defined Mikto-Arm Star-Shaped Macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7236-7244. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Reith
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Irene De Franceschi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Soete
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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17
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Tang J, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Switchable Polymerization Organocatalysis: From Monomer Mixtures to Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115465. [PMID: 35107197 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One-pot production of sequence-controlled block copolymer from mixed monomers is a crucial but rarely reached goal. Using a switchable Lewis-pair organocatalyst, we have accomplished sequence-selective polymerization from a mixture of O-carboxyanhydride (OCA) and epoxide. Polymerization of the OCA monomer occurs first and exclusively because of its exceedingly high polymerizability. When OCA is fully consumed, alternating copolymerization of epoxide and CO2 liberated in OCA polymerization is triggered from the termini of the first block. The two polymerizations thus occur in tandem, both in chemoselective fashion, so that a sequence-controlled block polymer with up to 99 % CO2 conversion is furnished in this one-pot protocol. Calculations and experimental results demonstrate a chemoselective and cooperative mechanism, where the high polymerizability of the OCA monomers guarantees exquisite sequence selectivity and the cooperative decarboxylation partly arose from the stabilization effect by triethylborane, which facilitates the smooth transformation of the chain end from carbonate to alkoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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18
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Precise Pentamers with Diverse Monomer Sequences and Their Thermal Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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He W, Wang S, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Iterative Synthesis of Stereo- and Sequence-Defined Polymers via Acid-Orthogonal Deprotection Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112439. [PMID: 34981638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Absolute control over polymer stereo- and sequence structure is highly challenging in polymer chemistry. Here, an acid-orthogonal deprotection strategy is proposed for the iterative synthesis of a family of unimolecular polymers starting with enantiopure serines, featuring precise sequence, stereoconfiguration and side-chain functionalities that cannot be achieved using traditional polymerization techniques. Acid-orthogonal deprotections proceed independently of one another by the selection of protecting groups that feature the respective acid-lability. Under p-toluenesulfonic acid, acidolysis of tert-butyloxycarbonyl can proceed exclusively, while low-dosage trifluoroacetic acid and low temperature only trigger the selective and quantitative cleavage of trityl. The pioneering use of this acid-orthogonal deprotection chemistry increases the compatibility with otherwise sensitive groups and opens up pathways to facilely introduce structural and functional diversity into stereo- and sequence-defined polymers, thus imparting their unique properties beyond natural biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
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20
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Tang J, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Switchable Polymerization Organocatalysis: From Monomer Mixtures to Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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21
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He W, Wang S, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Iterative Synthesis of Stereo‐ and Sequence‐Defined Polymers
via
Acid‐Orthogonal Deprotection Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
| | - Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
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22
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MacKinnon D, Zhao T, Becer CR. Tuneable
N
‐Substituted Polyamides with High Biomass Content via Ugi 4 Component Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel MacKinnon
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Tieshuai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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23
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Song B, Lu D, Qin A, Tang BZ. Combining Hydroxyl-Yne and Thiol-Ene Click Reactions to Facilely Access Sequence-Defined Macromolecules for High-Density Data Storage. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:1672-1680. [PMID: 34961318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Through mimicking the synthesis of hereditary-information-containing nucleic acids, scientists are committed to synthesizing sequence-defined macromolecules. Herein, a protecting-group-free, metal-free, and atom-economical chemistry combining hydroxyl-yne and thiol-ene click reactions was developed to efficiently synthesize sequence-defined oligo(monothioacetals) (overall yield of 54% for an 11-step synthesis) from readily available starting compounds and monomers under ambient conditions. The sequences of linear oligo(monothioacetals) could be easily decoded via a tandem ESI-MS/MS technique, making them new kinds of digital macromolecules with a high data storage density (0.013 bit/Da). Moreover, star oligo(monothioacetals) could also be facilely generated through divergent and convergent strategies and their combination. An unprecedented sequence-defined miktoarm star oligo(monothioacetal) was obtained, which could serve as a new nonlinear digital macromolecule to achieve 2D information matrix encoding and hold great potential to be applied for information encryption, anticouterfeiting, secret communication, etc. Thus, this work provides a powerful stepwise iterative approach to facilely access sequence-defined linear and topological oligo(monothioacetals) for high-density data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, People's Republic of China.,Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
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24
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Herlan CN, Feser D, Schepers U, Bräse S. Bio-instructive materials on-demand - combinatorial chemistry of peptoids, foldamers, and beyond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11131-11152. [PMID: 34611672 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry allows for the rapid synthesis of large compound libraries for high throughput screenings in biology, medicinal chemistry, or materials science. Especially compounds from a highly modular design are interesting for the proper investigation of structure-to-activity relationships. Permutations of building blocks result in many similar but unique compounds. The influence of certain structural features on the entire structure can then be monitored and serve as a starting point for the rational design of potent molecules for various applications. Peptoids, a highly diverse class of bioinspired oligomers, suit perfectly for combinatorial chemistry. Their straightforward synthesis on a solid support using repetitive reaction steps ensures easy handling and high throughput. Applying this modular approach, peptoids are readily accessible, and their interchangeable side-chains allow for various structures. Thus, peptoids can easily be tuned in their solubility, their spatial structure, and, consequently, their applicability in various fields of research. Since their discovery, peptoids have been applied as antimicrobial agents, artificial membranes, molecular transporters, and much more. Studying their three-dimensional structure, various foldamers with fascinating, unique properties were discovered. This non-comprehensive review will state the most interesting discoveries made over the past years and arouse curiosity about what may come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Nicole Herlan
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Feser
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. .,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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25
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Xu C, He C, Li N, Yang S, Du Y, Matyjaszewski K, Pan X. Regio- and sequence-controlled conjugated topological oligomers and polymers via boronate-tag assisted solution-phase strategy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5853. [PMID: 34615871 PMCID: PMC8494804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of polymer topology and the precise control over the monomer sequence is crucial and challenging in polymer science. Herein, we report an efficient solution-phase synthetic strategy to prepare regio- and sequence-controlled conjugated polymers with topological variations via the usage of methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates. Based on the solubility of MIDA boronates and their unusual binary affinity for silica gel, the synthesized regio- and sequence-defined conjugated oligomers can be rapidly purified via precipitation or automatic liquid chromatography. These synthesized discrete oligomers can be used for iterative exponential and sequential growth to obtain linear and dendrimer-like star polymers. Moreover, different topological sequence-controlled conjugated polymers are conveniently prepared from these discrete oligomers via condensation polymerization. By investigating the structure-property relationship of these polymers, we find that the optical properties are strongly influenced by the regiochemistry, which may give inspiration to the design of optoelectronic polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Congze He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuxuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States.
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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26
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Zheng B, Bai T, Tao X, Ling J. An Inspection into Multifarious Ways to Synthesize Poly(Amino Acid)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100453. [PMID: 34562289 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(α-amino acid)s (PAAs) attract growing attention due to their essential role in the application as biomaterials. To synthesize PAAs with desired structures and properties, scientists have developed various synthetic techniques with respective advantages. Here, different approaches to preparing PAAs are inspected. Basic features and recent progresses of these methods are summarized, including polymerizations of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), amino acid N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs), and N-phenoxycarbonyl amino acids (NPCs), as well as other synthetic routes. NCA is the most classical monomer to prepare PAAs with high molecular weights (MWs). NTA polymerizations are promising alternative pathways to produce PAAs, which can tolerate nucleophiles including alcohols, mercaptans, carboxyl acids, and water. By various techniques including choosing appropriate solvents or using organic acids as promoters, NTAs polymerize to produce polypeptoids and polypeptides with narrow dispersities and designed MWs up to 55.0 and 57.0 kg mol-1 , respectively. NPC polymerizations are phosgene-free ways to synthesize polypeptides and polypeptoids. For the future prospects, detail investigations into polymerization mechanisms of NTA and NPC are expected. The synthesis of PAAs with designed topologies and assembly structures is another intriguing topic. The advantages and unsettled problems in various synthetic ways are discussed for readers to choose appropriate approaches for PAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botuo Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinfeng Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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27
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Mao T, Zhu C, Tao L. Multifunctional Polymer–Protein Conjugates Generated by Multicomponent Reactions†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian Beijing 102205 China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chongyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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28
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Fang R, Pi J, Wei T, Ali A, Guo L. Stimulus-Responsive Polymers Based on Polypeptoid Skeletons. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2089. [PMID: 34202869 PMCID: PMC8271857 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptoids have attracted a lot of atteSDntion because of their unique structural characteristics and special properties. Polypeptoids have the same main chain structures to polypeptides, making them have low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Polypeptoids can also respond to external environmental changes by modifying the configurations of the side chains. The external stimuli can be heat, pH, ions, ultraviolet/visible light and active oxygen or their combinations. This review paper discussed the recent research progress in the field of stimulus-responsive polypeptoids, including the design of new stimulus-responsive polypeptoid structures, controlled actuation factors in response to external stimuli and the application of responsive polypeptoid biomaterials in various biomedical and biological nanotechnology, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amjad Ali
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (R.F.); (J.P.); (T.W.)
| | - Li Guo
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (R.F.); (J.P.); (T.W.)
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29
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Geng C, Wang S, Wang H. Recent Advances in Thermoresponsive OEGylated Poly(amino acid)s. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1813. [PMID: 34072769 PMCID: PMC8198699 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers have been widely studied in the past decades due to their potential applications in biomedicine, nanotechnology, and so on. As is known, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylates) (POEGMAs) are the most popular thermoresponsive polymers, and have been studied extensively. However, more advanced thermoresponsive polymers with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity also need to be developed for biomedical applications. OEGylated poly(amino acid)s are a kind of novel polymer which are synthesized by attaching one or multiple oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) chains to poly(amino acid) (PAA).These polymers combine the great solubility of OEG, and the excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and well defined secondary structures of PAA. These advantages allow them to have great application prospects in the field of biomedicine. Therefore, the study of OEGylated poly(amino acid)s has attracted more attention recently. In this review, we summarized the development of thermoresponsive OEGylated poly(amino acid)s in recent years, including the synthesis method (such as ring-opening polymerization, post-polymerization modification, and Ugi reaction), stimuli-response behavior study, and secondary structure study. We hope that this periodical summary will be more conducive to design, synthesis and application of OEGylated poly(amino acid)s in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shixue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin 130022, China; (C.G.); (H.W.)
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30
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Zeng Y, Zhu C, Tao L. Stimuli-Responsive Multifunctional Phenylboronic Acid Polymers Via Multicomponent Reactions: From Synthesis to Application. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100022. [PMID: 33713503 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers undergo changes under different environmental conditions. Among them, phenylboronic acid (PBA) containing polymers (PBA-polymers) are unique, because they can selectively react with diols to generate borates that are sensitive to pH, sugars, and H2 O2 , and can be effectively used to synthesize smart drug carriers and self-healing hydrogels. Recently, multifunctional PBA-polymers (MF-PBA-polymers) have been developed using multicomponent reactions (MCRs) to introduce PBA groups into polymer structures. These MF-PBA-polymers have features similar to those of traditional PBA-polymers; moreover, they exhibit additional properties, such as fluorescence, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant capability, when different MCRs are used. In this mini review, the preparation of these MF-PBA-polymers are summarized and the new properties/functions that have been introduced into these polymers using different MCRs are discussed. The uses of these MF-PBA-polymers as fluorescent cell anticoagulants, drug carriers, and gelators of functional self-healing hydrogels have been discussed. Additionally, the challenges encountered during their preparation are discussed and also the future developments in this field are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chongyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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31
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Shin D, Seo J. Tag‐Assisted Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptoids. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Shin
- Department of Chemistry Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju 61005 Republic of Korea
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32
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Zhu Y, Tao Y. Sequence-controlled and sequence-defined polypeptoids via the Ugi reaction: synthesis and sequence-driven properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00658d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ugi reaction offers opportunities to facilely access unprecedented sequence control and sequence-driven properties in polypeptoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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33
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Stiernet P, Couturaud B, Bertrand V, Eppe G, De Winter J, Debuigne A. Ugi four-component polymerization of amino acid derivatives: a combinatorial tool for the design of polypeptoids. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00109d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The combinatorial Ugi-4C polymerization of amino acid derivatives is attractive for the future development of polypeptoids and resulting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Stiernet
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liege (ULiege)
- 4000 Liège
| | - Benoit Couturaud
- Univ Paris Est Creteil
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE)
- UMR 7182
- 94320 Thiais
| | - Virginie Bertrand
- MC2Lab – Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry
- MolSys Research Unit
- University of Liege (ULiege)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- MC2Lab – Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry
- MolSys Research Unit
- University of Liege (ULiege)
- B-4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
- University of Mons (UMons)
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liege (ULiege)
- 4000 Liège
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34
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Li M, Tao Y. Poly(ε-lysine) and its derivatives via ring-opening polymerization of biorenewable cyclic lysine. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Minireview focused on poly(ε-lysine) and its derivatives via ring-opening polymerization of biorenewable cyclic lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- People's Republic of China
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35
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Wu X, Li W, Hu R, Tang BZ. Catalyst-Free Four-Component Polymerization of Propiolic Acids, Benzylamines, Organoboronic Acids, and Formaldehyde toward Functional Poly(propargylamine)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000633. [PMID: 33314555 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) are a group of fascinating polymer synthesis approaches that are developed rapidly in the recent decade. As a popular alkyne-based MCP, the A3 -polycouplings of alkynes, aldehydes, and amines are developed for the synthesis of poly(propargylamine)s under the catalysis of metal catalysts. In this work, through the design of carboxylic acid group-activated alkyne monomers, a catalyst-free, four-component polymerization of propiolic acids, benzylamines, organoboronic acids, and formaldehyde is reported under mild condition at 45 °C in dichloroethane. This four-component polymerization is applicable to different monomer structures, which can afford seven poly(propargylamine)s with up to 94% yields and molecular weights of up to 13 900 g mol-1 . Moreover, the poly(propargylamine)s demonstrate good solubility and processibility, high thermal stability and light refractivity, unique photophysical property, and so on. The simple monomers, mild condition, low cost, high efficiency, and procedure simplicity of this catalyst-free four-component polymerization demonstrates an elegant example of functional polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weizhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Rongrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,AIE Institute, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510530, China
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36
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Reading mixtures of uniform sequence-defined macromolecules to increase data storage capacity. Commun Chem 2020; 3:184. [PMID: 36703345 PMCID: PMC9814948 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of molecular data storage has emerged from a niche to a vibrant research topic. Herein, we describe a simultaneous and automated read-out of data stored in mixtures of sequence-defined oligomers. Therefore, twelve different sequence-defined tetramers and three hexamers with different mass markers and side chains are successfully synthesised via iterative Passerini three-component reactions and subsequent deprotection steps. By programming a straightforward python script for ESI-MS/MS analysis, it is possible to automatically sequence and thus read-out the information stored in these oligomers within one second. Most importantly, we demonstrate that the use of mass-markers as starting compounds eases MS/MS data interpretation and furthermore allows the unambiguous reading of sequences of mixtures of sequence-defined oligomers. Thus, high data storage capacity considering the field of synthetic macromolecules (up to 64.5 bit in our examples) can be obtained without the need of synthesizing long sequences, but by mixing and simultaneously analysing shorter sequence-defined oligomers.
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37
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Lian J, Li M, Wang S, Tao Y, Wang X. Organocatalytic Polymerization of Morpholine-2,5-diones toward Methionine-Containing Poly(ester amide)s: Preparation and Facile Functionalization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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38
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Nanjan P, Jose A, Thurakkal L, Porel M. Sequence-Defined Dithiocarbamate Oligomers via a Scalable, Support-free, Iterative Strategy. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pandurangan Nanjan
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
| | - Anna Jose
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
| | - Liya Thurakkal
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
| | - Mintu Porel
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678577, India
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39
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Tao Y, Tao Y. Ugi Reaction of Amino Acids: From Facile Synthesis of Polypeptoids to Sequence-Defined Macromolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000515. [PMID: 33225562 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptoids have been prepared and researched for more than 20 years. However, the efficient generation of polypeptoids and sequence-defined polypeptoids faces many challenges and difficulties. The Ugi reaction of amino acids has recently been introduced into polypeptoid chemistry as a new and powerful method to furnish polypeptoids. In the following mini review, the recent progress on the application of the Ugi reaction of amino acids in polypeptoid science, including polypeptoid from sustainable furfural, sequence-defined polypeptoids, and more is summarized. Moreover, the future development of the Ugi reaction of amino acids in polypeptoid science is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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40
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Liu G, Pan R, Wei Y, Tao L. The Hantzsch Reaction in Polymer Chemistry: From Synthetic Methods to Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000459. [PMID: 33006198 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Hantzcsh reaction is a robust four-component reaction for the efficient generation of 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives. Recently, this reaction has been introduced into polymer chemistry in order to develop polymers having 1,4-DHP structures in the main and/or side chains. The 1,4-DHP groups confer new properties/functions to the polymers. This mini-review summarizes the recent studies on the development of new functional polymers by using the Hantzsch reaction. Several synthetic approaches, including polycondensation, post-polymerization modification (PPM), monomer to polymer strategy, and one-pot strategy are introduced; different applications (protein conjugation, formaldehyde detection, drug carrier, and anti-bacterial adhesion) of the resulting polymers are emphasized. Meanwhile, the future development of the Hantzsch reaction in exploring new functional polymers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ruihao Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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41
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Wetzel KS, Frölich M, Solleder SC, Nickisch R, Treu P, Meier MAR. Dual sequence definition increases the data storage capacity of sequence-defined macromolecules. Commun Chem 2020; 3:63. [PMID: 36703457 PMCID: PMC9814518 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules offer applications in the field of data storage. Challenges include synthesising precise and pure sequences, reading stored information and increasing data storage capacity. Herein, the synthesis of dual sequence-defined oligomers and their application for data storage is demonstrated. While applying the well-established Passerini three-component reaction, the degree of definition of the prepared monodisperse macromolecules is improved compared to previous reports by utilising nine specifically designed isocyanide monomers to introduce backbone definition. The monomers are combined with various aldehyde components to synthesise dual-sequence defined oligomers. Thus, the side chains and the backbones of these macromolecules can be varied independently, exhibiting increased molecular diversity and hence data storage capacity per repeat unit. In case of a dual sequence-defined pentamer, 33 bits are achieved in a single molecule. The oligomers are obtained in multigram scale and excellent purity. Sequential read-out by tandem ESI-MS/MS verifies the high data storage capacity of the prepared oligomers per repeat unit in comparison to other sequence defined macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S. Wetzel
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Frölich
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne C. Solleder
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roman Nickisch
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Treu
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany ,grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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42
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Reese HR, Shanahan CC, Proulx C, Menegatti S. Peptide science: A "rule model" for new generations of peptidomimetics. Acta Biomater 2020; 102:35-74. [PMID: 31698048 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptides have been heavily investigated for their biocompatible and bioactive properties. Though a wide array of functionalities can be introduced by varying the amino acid sequence or by structural constraints, properties such as proteolytic stability, catalytic activity, and phase behavior in solution are difficult or impossible to impart upon naturally occurring α-L-peptides. To this end, sequence-controlled peptidomimetics exhibit new folds, morphologies, and chemical modifications that create new structures and functions. The study of these new classes of polymers, especially α-peptoids, has been highly influenced by the analysis, computational, and design techniques developed for peptides. This review examines techniques to determine primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of peptides, and how they have been adapted to investigate peptoid structure. Computational models developed for peptides have been modified to predict the morphologies of peptoids and have increased in accuracy in recent years. The combination of in vitro and in silico techniques have led to secondary and tertiary structure design principles that mirror those for peptides. We then examine several important developments in peptoid applications inspired by peptides such as pharmaceuticals, catalysis, and protein-binding. A brief survey of alternative backbone structures and research investigating these peptidomimetics shows how the advancement of peptide and peptoid science has influenced the growth of numerous fields of study. As peptide, peptoid, and other peptidomimetic studies continue to advance, we will expect to see higher throughput structural analyses, greater computational accuracy and functionality, and wider application space that can improve human health, solve environmental challenges, and meet industrial needs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Many historical, chemical, and functional relations draw a thread connecting peptides to their recent cognates, the "peptidomimetics". This review presents a comprehensive survey of this field by highlighting the width and relevance of these familial connections. In the first section, we examine the experimental and computational techniques originally developed for peptides and their morphing into a broader analytical and predictive toolbox. The second section presents an excursus of the structures and properties of prominent peptidomimetics, and how the expansion of the chemical and structural diversity has returned new exciting properties. The third section presents an overview of technological applications and new families of peptidomimetics. As the field grows, new compounds emerge with clear potential in medicine and advanced manufacturing.
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43
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Li J, Leclercq M, Fossepré M, Surin M, Glinel K, Jonas AM, Fernandes AE. Discrete multifunctional sequence-defined oligomers with controlled chirality. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic strategy leading to discrete poly(triazole-urethane) oligomers with a large range of functional side groups, programmable stereochemistry and sequentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Bio- and Soft Matter
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Maxime Leclercq
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Centre of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons - UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Mathieu Fossepré
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Centre of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons - UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Centre of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons - UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Bio- and Soft Matter
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Bio- and Soft Matter
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Antony E. Fernandes
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Bio- and Soft Matter
- Université catholique de Louvain
- 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
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44
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Xuan S, Zuckermann RN. Diblock copolypeptoids: a review of phase separation, crystallization, self-assembly and biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5380-5394. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diblock copolypeptoids have the capacity to phase separate, crystallize, and self-assemble into a variety of nanostructures, which have shown great potential in a variety of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunting Xuan
- Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
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45
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Xu J. Single Unit Monomer Insertion: A Versatile Platform for Molecular Engineering through Radical Addition Reactions and Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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46
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Konrad W, Fengler C, Putwa S, Barner‐Kowollik C. Schutzgruppenfreie Synthese von sequenzdefinierten Makromolekülen mittels präziser λ‐orthogonaler Photochemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Konrad
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
| | - Christian Fengler
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
| | - Sarrah Putwa
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australien
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47
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Stepek IA, Cao T, Koetemann A, Shimura S, Wollscheid B, Bode JW. Antibiotic Discovery with Synthetic Fermentation: Library Assembly, Phenotypic Screening, and Mechanism of Action of β-Peptides Targeting Penicillin-Binding Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1030-1040. [PMID: 30990649 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In analogy to biosynthetic pathways leading to bioactive natural products, synthetic fermentation generates mixtures of molecules from simple building blocks under aqueous, biocompatible conditions, allowing the resulting cultures to be directly screened for biological activity. In this work, a novel β-peptide antibiotic was successfully identified using the synthetic fermentation platform. Phenotypic screening was carried out in an initially random fashion, allowing simple identification of active cultures. Subsequent deconvolution, focused screening, and structure-activity relationship studies led to the identification of a potent antimicrobial peptide, showing strong selectivity for our model system Bacillus subtilis over human HEK293 cells. To determine the antibacterial mechanism of action, a peptide probe bearing a photoaffinity tag was readily synthesized through the use of appropriate synthetic fermentation building blocks and utilized for target identification using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based strategy. The chemoproteomic approach led to the identification of a number of bacterial membrane proteins as prospective targets. These findings were validated through binding affinity studies with penicillin-binding protein 4 using microscale thermophoresis, with the bioactive peptide showing a dissociation constant ( Kd) in the nanomolar range. Through these efforts, we provide a proof of concept for the synthetic fermentation approach presented here as a new strategy for the phenotypic discovery of novel bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A. Stepek
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Trung Cao
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anika Koetemann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, and BioMedical Proteomics Platform (BMPP), ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satomi Shimura
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, and BioMedical Proteomics Platform (BMPP), ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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48
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Konrad W, Fengler C, Putwa S, Barner-Kowollik C. Protection-Group-Free Synthesis of Sequence-Defined Macromolecules via Precision λ-Orthogonal Photochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7133-7137. [PMID: 30888105 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An advanced light-induced avenue to monodisperse sequence-defined linear macromolecules via a unique photochemical protocol is presented that does not require any protection-group chemistry. Starting from a symmetrical core unit, precision macromolecules with molecular weights up to 6257.10 g mol-1 are obtained via a two-monomer system: a monomer unit carrying a pyrene functionalized visible light responsive tetrazole and a photo-caged UV responsive diene, enabling an iterative approach for chain growth; and a monomer unit equipped with a carboxylic acid and a fumarate. Both light-induced chain growth reactions are carried out in a λ-orthogonal fashion, exciting the respective photosensitive group selectively and thus avoiding protecting chemistry. Characterization of each sequence-defined chain (size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and NMR spectroscopy), confirms the precision nature of the macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Konrad
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD, 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Fengler
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD, 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarrah Putwa
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD, 4000, Brisbane, Australia
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49
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Wang S, He W, Xiao C, Tao Y, Wang X. Synthesis of Y-Shaped OEGylated Poly(amino acid)s: The Impact of OEG Architecture. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1655-1666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Battigelli A. Design and preparation of organic nanomaterials using self‐assembled peptoids. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23265. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Battigelli
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University Providence Rhode Island
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