1
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Feng L, Wang SP, Huang HH, Bai FQ. Dynamic Metastable Characteristics of Carbon Cages Embedded with Er 2C 2. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14216-14227. [PMID: 37615424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Novel endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), namely, Er2C2@C2v(5)-C80, Er2C2@Cs(6)-C82, Er2C2@Cs(15)-C84, Er2C2@C2v(9)-C86, Er2C2@Cs(15)-C86, and Er2C2@Cs(32)-C88, had been experimentally synthesized, and the unique structures and many fascinating properties had also been widely explored. Nevertheless, the position of the Er atoms inside the cage shows a severe disorder within the stable EMF monomer, which is difficult to understand and explain from the experimental point of view. In this work, based on the density functional theoretical calculations, the Er2C2@Cs(6)-C82 has 73 directional isomers and 2 Er atoms that are far beyond from Er-Er single bonding and tend to be close to the cage side (marked as "shell"), and the core (Er2C2 units) takes on a butterfly shape as generally revealed. The energy difference between any two of the isomers is in the range of 0.05 to 25.6 kcal/mol, indicating a relatively easy thermodynamic transition between the isomers. The other five Er carbide cluster EMFs (Er2C2@C2v(5)-C80, Er2C2@Cs(15)-C84, Er2C2@C2v(9)-C86, Er2C2@Cs(15)-C86, and Er2C2@Cs(32)-C88) are also studied in the same way, and 30, 37, 39, and 43 most stable Er-oriented sites inside the cage, respectively, are obtained. In addition, the shape of the Er2C2 gradually changed from butterfly to linear. Moreover, the electronic structure and molecular orbital analyses show that it is easy for Er2C2@C80-88 to form a charge transfer state of [Er2C2]4+@[C80-88]4- via the dynamic core-shell coordination equilibrium. Er2C2 with a steep drop in chemical stability is restricted to forming varying degrees of metastable states in the shell, determined by the shell size, to ensure the overall stability. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of these EMFs is increased by 0.5-1.1 eV compared with fullerenes C80-88, potentially providing favorable conditions for suitable energy level matching with EMF as an electron acceptor used in organic solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Ping Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hou-Hou Huang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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2
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Yao YR, Chen ZC, Chen L, Zheng SY, Yang S, Deng SL, Echegoyen L, Tan YZ, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Two Metastable Endohedral Metallofullerenes Sc 2C 2@ C1(39656)-C 82 and Sc 2C 2@ C1(51383)-C 84: Direct-C 2-Insertion Products from Their Most Stable Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37406618 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) are sub-nano carbon materials with diverse applications, yet their formation mechanism, particularly for metastable isomers, remains ambiguous. The current theoretical methods focus mainly on the most stable isomers, leading to limited predictability of metastable ones due to their low stabilities and yields. Herein, we report the successful isolation and characterization of two metastable EMFs, Sc2C2@C1(39656)-C82 and Sc2C2@C1(51383)-C84, which violate the isolated pentagon rule (IPR). These two non-IPR EMFs exhibit a rare case of planar and pennant-like Sc2C2 clusters, which can be considered hybrids of the common butterfly-shaped and linear configurations. More importantly, the theoretical results reveal that despite being metastable, these two non-IPR EMFs survived as the products from their most stable precursors, Sc2C2@C2v(5)-C80 and Sc2C2@Cs(6)-C82, via a C2 insertion during the post-formation annealing stages. We propose a systematic theoretical method for predicting metastable EMFs during the post-formation stages. The unambiguous molecular-level structural evidence, combined with the theoretical calculation results, provides valuable insights into the formation mechanisms of EMFs, shedding light on the potential of post-formation mechanisms as a promising approach for EMF synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Rong Yao
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zuo-Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lingfang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shan-Yu Zheng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shun-Liu Deng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Institut Catalá d́Investigació Química, Ave. Països Catalans 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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3
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Ge Q, Wang Y, Wang Z, Qi J. Theoretical Study on the Structure and Spectral Properties of Several Classical C 84 Isomers and Their Newly Synthesized Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37368073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The ground-state electronic/geometrical structures of the three classical isomers Cs(15)-C84, C2(13)-C84, and C2(8)-C84 as well as the corresponding embedded derivatives U@Cs(15)-C84, YCN@C2(13)-C84, and U@C2(8)-C84 have been calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) level. Then, the isomers of C84 were theoretically identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The spectral components of total spectra for carbon atoms in various local environments have been investigated. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopies of U@Cs(15)-C84, YCN@C2(13)-C84, and U@C2(8)-C84 have also been performed utilizing time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations. The UV-vis spectra are in good agreement with the experimental results. These spectra provide an effective method for the identification of isomers. The results of this study can offer useful data for further experimental and theoretical studies using X-ray and UV-vis spectroscopy methods on freshly synthesized fullerene isomers and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ge
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Qi
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
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4
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Li M, Zhao R, Dang J, Zhao X. Theoretical study on the stabilities, electronic structures, and reaction and formation mechanisms of fullerenes and endohedral metallofullerenes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Bao L, Yu P, Li MY, Shen W, Hu S, Yu P, Tian X, Zhao X, Lu X. An unprecedented C80 cage that violates the isolated pentagon rule. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two Lu2O@C80 isomers have been successfully isolated and unambiguously assigned as Lu2O@C1(31876)-C80 and Lu2O@C2v(5)-C80, respectively, by X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, C1(31876)-C80 is an unprecedented cage with a pair of adjacent pentagons,...
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6
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Shen W, Bao L, Lu X. Endohedral Metallofullerenes: An Ideal Platform of
Sub‐Nano
Chemistry. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiang Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Lipiao Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Xing Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
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7
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Yao YR, Roselló Y, Ma L, Puente Santiago AR, Metta-Magaña A, Chen N, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Poblet JM, Echegoyen L. Crystallographic Characterization of U@C 2n (2 n = 82-86): Insights about Metal-Cage Interactions for Mono-metallofullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15309-15318. [PMID: 34516733 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endohedral mono-metallofullerenes are the prototypes to understand the fundamental nature and the unique interactions between the encapsulated metals and the fullerene cages. Herein, we report the crystallographic characterizations of four new U-based mono-metallofullerenes, namely, U@Cs(6)-C82, U@C2(8)-C84, U@Cs(15)-C84, and U@C1(12)-C86, among which the chiral cages C2(8)-C84 and C1(12)-C86 have never been previously reported for either endohedral or empty fullerenes. Symmetrical patterns, such as indacene, sumanene, and phenalene, and charge transfer are found to determine the metal positions inside the fullerene cages. In addition, a new finding concerning the metal positions inside the cages reveals that the encapsulated metal ions are always located on symmetry planes of the fullerene cages, as long as the fullerene cages possess mirror planes. DFT calculations show that the metal-fullerene motif interaction determines the stability of the metal position. In fullerenes containing symmetry planes, the metal prefers to occupy a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the interacting motifs, which share one of their symmetry planes with the fullerene. In all computationally analyzed fullerenes containing at least one symmetry plane, the actinide was found to be located on the mirror plane. This finding provides new insights into the nature of metal-cage interactions and gives new guidelines for structural determinations using crystallographic and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Yannick Roselló
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Alain Rafael Puente Santiago
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Alejandro Metta-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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8
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Guan R, Chen M, Xin J, Xie XM, Jin F, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Yang S. Capturing the Missing Carbon Cage Isomer of C 84 via Mutual Stabilization of a Triangular Monometallic Cyanide Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8078-8085. [PMID: 34010566 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monometallic cyanide clusterfullerenes (CYCFs) represent a unique branch of endohedral clusterfullerenes with merely one metal atom encapsulated, offering a model system for elucidating structure-property correlation, while up to now only C82 and C76 cages have been isolated for the pristine CYCFs. C84 is one of the most abundant fullerenes and has 24 isomers obeying the isolated pentagon rule (IPR), among which 14 isomers have been already isolated, whereas the C2v(17)-C84 isomer has lower relative energy than several isolated isomers but never been found for empty and endohedral fullerenes. Herein, four novel C84-based pristine CYCFs with variable encapsulated metals and isomeric cages, including MCN@C2(13)-C84 (M = Y, Dy, Tb) and DyCN@C2v(17)-C84, have been synthesized and isolated, fulfilling the first identification of the missing C2v(17)-C84 isomer, which can be interconverted from the C2(13)-C84 isomer through two steps of Stone-Wales transformation. The molecular structures of these four C84-based CYCFs are determined unambiguously by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Surprisingly, although the ionic radii of Y3+, Dy3+, and Tb3+ differ slightly by only 0.01 Å, such a subtle difference leads to an obvious change in the metal-cage interactions, as inferred from the distance between the metal atom and the nearest hexagon center of the C2(13)-C84 cage. On the other hand, upon altering the isomeric cage from DyCN@C2(13)-C84 to DyCN@C2v(17)-C84, the Dy-cage distance changes as well, indicating the interplay between the encapsulated DyCN cluster and the outer cage. Therefore, we demonstrate that the metal-cage interactions within CYCFs can be steered via both internal and external routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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9
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Yu P, Bao L, Yang L, Hao D, Jin P, Shen W, Fang H, Akasaka T, Lu X. Crystallographic Characterization of Ti 2C 2@ D3h(5)-C 78, Ti 2C 2@ C3v(8)-C 82, and Ti 2C 2@ Cs(6)-C 82: Identification of Unsupported Ti 2C 2 Cluster with Cage-Dependent Configurations. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9416-9423. [PMID: 32551612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene cages are ideal hosts to encapsulate otherwise unstable metallic clusters to form endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs). Herein, a novel Ti2C2 cluster with two titanium atoms bridged by a C2-unit has been stabilized by three different fullerene cages to form Ti2C2@D3h(5)-C78, Ti2C2@C3v(8)-C82, and Ti2C2@Cs(6)-C82, representing the first examples of unsupported titanium carbide clusters. Crystallographic results show that the configuration of the Ti2C2 cluster changes upon cage variation. In detail, the Ti2C2 cluster adopts a butterfly shape in Ti2C2@C3v(8)-C82 and Ti2C2@Cs(6)-C82 with Ti-C2-Ti dihedral angles of 156.35 and 147.52° and Ti-Ti distances of 3.633 and 3.860 Å, respectively. In sharp contrast, a stretched planar geometry of Ti2C2 is observed in Ti2C2@D3h(5)-C78, where a Ti-C2-Ti angle of 176.87° and a long Ti-Ti distance of 5.000 Å are presented. Consistently, theoretical calculations reveal that the cluster configuration is very sensitive to the cage shape which eventually determines the electronic structures of the hybrid EMF-molecules, thus adding new insights into modern coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Debo Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hongyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074 China
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10
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Cai W, Alvarado J, Metta-Magaña A, Chen N, Echegoyen L. Interconversions between Uranium Mono-metallofullerenes: Mechanistic Implications and Role of Asymmetric Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13112-13119. [PMID: 32609502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Janet Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Alejandro Metta-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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11
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Zheng H, Dang H, Zhao Y, Gu YX, Li M, Li QZ, Zhao X. Theoretical Investigations of Lu2C84: Unexpected Impact of Metal Electronic Configuration toward the Metal–Metal σ-Bond in Fullerene. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10113-10122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Haiping Dang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yaoxiao Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yong-Xin Gu
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qiao-Zhi Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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12
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Bao L, Li Y, Yu P, Shen W, Jin P, Lu X. Preferential Formation of Mono‐Metallofullerenes Governed by the Encapsulation Energy of the Metal Elements: A Case Study on Eu@C
2
n
(2
n
=74–84) Revealing a General Rule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5259-5262. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Pengyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
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13
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Shen W, Hu Z, Yu P, Wei Z, Jin P, Shi Z, Lu X. An experimental and theoretical study of LuNC@C76,82 revealing a cage-cluster selection rule. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Four novel Lu-based monometallic cyanide clusterfullerenes were successfully obtained and characterized. X-ray and theoretical results demonstrated that the configuration of internal LuNC unit is governed by the Lu-cage coordination interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Pengwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zhan Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zujin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
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14
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Li M, Zhao Y, Han Y, Yuan K, Zhang K, Chen Y, Ehara M, Nagase S, Zhao X. Covalent interactions depend on the distances between metals and fullerenes for thermodynamically stable M@C78 (M = La, Ce, and Sm). Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic selectivity occurs between fullerenes and metals in M@C78 (M = La, Ce, Sm), including non-IPR C1(22 595)-C78; the different number of electrons transferred from metals to C78 leads to the first EMF with diradical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yaoxiao Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yanbo Han
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Kun Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianshui Normal University
- Tianshui
- China
| | - Kaini Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | - Yingqi Chen
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
| | | | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
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15
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Bao L, Li Y, Yu P, Shen W, Jin P, Lu X. Preferential Formation of Mono‐Metallofullerenes Governed by the Encapsulation Energy of the Metal Elements: A Case Study on Eu@C
2
n
(2
n
=74–84) Revealing a General Rule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Pengyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
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16
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Hu S, Shen W, Zhao P, Xu T, Slanina Z, Ehara M, Zhao X, Xie Y, Akasaka T, Lu X. Crystallographic characterization of Er 2C 2@C 2(43)-C 90, Er 2C 2@C 2(40)-C 90, Er 2C 2@C 2(44)-C 90, and Er 2C 2@C 1(21)-C 90: the role of cage-shape on cluster configuration. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17319-17326. [PMID: 31513222 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), that is, fullerenes encapsulating metallic species, cage size is known to be an important factor for cluster configuration adoption; however, the impact of the cage shape on the cluster geometry fitting remains poorly understood. Herein, for the first time, four dierbium-carbide EMFs with C90 cages, namely, Er2C2@C2(43)-C90, Er2C2@C2(40)-C90, Er2C2@C2(44)-C90, and Er2C2@C1(21)-C90, were successfully synthesized and fully characterized using a combination of mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, vis-NIR, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. In particular, the fullerene cages of C2(43)-C90 and C2(44)-C90 are crystallographically identified for the first time. Interestingly, the ErEr distance of the major sites in Er2C2@C2(43)-C90, Er2C2@C2(40)-C90, Er2C2@C2(44)-C90, and Er2C2@C1(21)-C90 is 3.927, 4.058, 4.172, and 4.651 Å, respectively, which increases gradually with an increase in the major axis of the cage. Moreover, the bond length of the inner C2-unit decreases progressively with an increase in the ErEr distance, indicating that the inserted C2-unit can serve as a molecular spring to support the strong metal-cage interactions within cages with the same size but different shapes. Hence, the role of cage shape on the cluster configuration is unveiled safely for the as-obtained Er2C2@C90 isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Pei Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. and Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zdeněk Slanina
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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17
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Cong H, Liu A, Hao Y, Feng L, Slanina Z, Uhlik F. Ho 2O@C 84: Crystallographic Evidence Showing Linear Metallic Oxide Cluster Encapsulated in IPR Fullerene Cage of D2d(51591)-C 84. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10905-10911. [PMID: 31356062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene C84 is the third-most-abundant species after C60 and C70. In the past decade, a variety of C84-based clusterfullerenes have been well-studied experimentally, which otherwise do not include oxide clusterfullerenes (OCFs). In this work, we report a comprehensive inspection of Ho2O@C84, including its mass, spectroscopic, crystallographic, electrochemical (EC), and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Importantly, crystallographic data reveal an IPR cage of D2d(51591)-C84 with a linear endohedral Ho-O-Ho cluster, indicating that the compression effect of the C84 cage is less pronounced compared to that of a smaller cage. The experimentally observed structure is confirmed by DFT computations, which also verify its superior stability. Further studies suggest that Ho2O@C84 has reduced EC and HOMO-LUMO gaps compared to those of empty species, again demonstrating the effect of cluster encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Cong
- College of Material Science and Engineering , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Along Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China.,College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Lai Feng
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS & Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Zdenek Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721-0041 , United States
| | - Filip Uhlik
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , 128 43 Praha 2 , Czech Republic
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18
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Cai W, Chen CH, Chen N, Echegoyen L. Fullerenes as Nanocontainers That Stabilize Unique Actinide Species Inside: Structures, Formation, and Reactivity. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1824-1833. [PMID: 31260256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene carbon cages can encapsulate a wide variety of atoms, ions, clusters, or small molecules inside, resulting in stable compounds with unusual structures and electronic properties. These compounds are collectively defined as endohedral fullerenes. The most studied endohedral fullerenes are those containing metal atoms or ions inside, and these are referred to as endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs). For EMFs, the inner isolated space of the fullerene cages can lead to the stabilization of unique clusters, which are otherwise not synthetically accessible. This offers an excellent environment and opportunity for investigating the nature of previously unobserved metal-metal, metal-non-metal, and metal-fullerene interactions, which are of fundamental interest and importance. Up until now, most of the work in this field has been mainly focused on the rare-earth metals and related elements (groups II, III, and IV). The encapsulation of other elements of the periodic table could potentially lead to totally new structures and bonding motifs and to material properties beyond those of the existing EMFs. Actinides were originally explored as encapsulated elements in fullerenes when Smalley et al. ( Science 1992 , 257 , 1661 ) reported mass spectral evidence of actinide endohedral fullerenes back in 1992. However, the full characterization of these actinide endohedral fullerenes, including single crystal X-ray diffractometric analyses, was not reported until very recently, in 2017. In this Account, we highlight some recent advances made in the field of EMF compounds, focusing primarily on the molecular and electronic structures of novel actinide-based EMFs, new evidence for the formation mechanisms of EMFs, and the influence of the entrapped species on the reactivity and regiochemistry of EMF compounds. We recently reported that some monometallic actinide EMFs represent the first examples of tetravalent metals encapsulated inside fullerenes that exhibit considerably stronger host-guest interactions when compared to those observed for the lanthanide EMFs. These unusually strong metal-cage interactions, along with very high mobilities of the actinides inside the fullerene cages at high temperatures, result in the stabilization of unexpected non-IPR (isolated pentagon rule) fullerene cages encapsulating only one metal ion. Strikingly, such covalent stabilization factors had never been previously observed, although Sm@C2v(19138)-C76 was the first reported mono-EMF with a non-IPR cage, see details below. In addition, we showed that a long sought-after actinide-actinide bond was obtained upon encapsulation of U2 inside an Ih(7)-C80 fullerene cage. More interestingly, we demonstrated that actinide multiple bonds, which are very difficult to prepare by conventional synthetic methods, are stabilized when trapped inside fullerene cages. A totally unexpected and previously unreported uranium carbide cluster, U═C═U, was fully characterized inside an EMF, U2C@Ih(7)-C80, which, for the first time, clearly exhibits two unsupported axial U═C double bonds that are ∼2.03 Å long. We also discovered that synthetic bis-porphyrin nanocapsules exhibit exquisitely selective complexation of some of these uranium endohedral compounds, providing the basis for a nonchromatographic EMF purification method for actinide EMFs. Regarding EMF formation mechanisms, we suggested that novel carbide EMF structures, that is, Sc2C2@Cs(hept)-C88, are likely key intermediates in a bottom-up fullerene growth process. Additionally, the structural correlation between chiral carbon cages during a bottom-up growth process was shown to be enantiomer-dependent. The influence of the encapsulated clusters on the chemical reactivity of EMFs is discussed at the end, which showed that the regioselectivities of multiple additions to the fullerene cages are remarkably controlled by the encapsulated metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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19
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Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Bao L, Akasaka T, Lu X, Adamowicz L. Calculated relative populations for the Eu@C82 isomers. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Bao L, Yu P, Li Y, Pan C, Shen W, Jin P, Liang S, Lu X. Highly regioselective complexation of tungsten with Eu@C 82/Eu@C 84: interplay between endohedral and exohedral metallic units induced by electron transfer. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4945-4950. [PMID: 31183042 PMCID: PMC6524623 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interplay between inner and outer metallic units induced by charge transfer is observed in tungsten complexes of Eu@C2(5)-C82 and Eu@C2(13)-C84.
Interactions between the inner and outer units through a fullerene cage are of fundamental importance for the creation of molecular spintronics and machines, but the mechanism of such through-cage interplay is still unclear. In this work, we have designed and synthesized two prototypical compounds which contain only a single europium atom inside the cage and merely a tungsten atom coordinating outside to clarify the interactions between the endohedral and exohedral metallic units. They are obtained by reacting a tungsten complex W(CO)4(Ph2PC2H4PPh2) (1) with the corresponding metallofullerenes in a highly regioselective manner (2a for Eu@C2(5)-C82 and 2b for Eu@C2(13)-C84). On the one hand, the endohedral Eu-doping has changed the LUMO distribution on C2(5)-C82/C2(13)-C84 dramatically, via electron transfer, which governs the addition pattern of the exohedral tungsten resulting in surprisingly high regioselectivity. On the other hand, the exohedral tungsten coordination with Eu@C2(5)-C82/Eu@C2(13)-C84 has restricted the motion of the internal europium ion to some extent by changing the electrostatic potentials, as confirmed by the X-ray results of 2a, 2b and the corresponding pristine metallofullerenes cocrystallized with Ni(OEP) (OEP is the dianion of octaethylporphyrin). We now make it clear that the interplay between the endohedral and exohedral metallic units can be realized in a single system by means of intramolecular charge transfer, which may arouse interest in the design and utilization of novel metallofullerene-based molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology , School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan , 430074 , China .
| | - Pengyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology , School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan , 430074 , China .
| | - Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin , 300130 , China .
| | - Changwang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology , School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan , 430074 , China .
| | - Wangqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology , School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan , 430074 , China .
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin , 300130 , China .
| | - Shuquan Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Central South University , Changsha , 410083 , China .
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology , School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan , 430074 , China .
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21
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Wang Y, Morales-Martínez R, Cai W, Zhuang J, Yang W, Echegoyen L, Poblet JM, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Chen N. Th@C1(11)-C86: an actinide encapsulated in an unexpected C86 fullerene cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9271-9274. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04613e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel actinide endohedral fullerene with an unexpected chiral cage, Th@C1(11)-C86, was synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Roser Morales-Martínez
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Wenting Cai
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | | | - Ning Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
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