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Chen S, Zhang H, Guo Z, Pagonabarraga I, Zhang X. A capillary-induced negative pressure is able to initiate heterogeneous cavitation. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2863-2870. [PMID: 38465416 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A capillarity-induced negative pressure is of general importance for understanding the phase behaviors of liquids in small pores and cracks. A unique example is the embolism in the xylem of plants and the cavitation at the limiting negative pressure generated by evaporation of water from nanocapillaries in the cell walls of leaves. In this work, by combining the effect of a capillary and cavitation together, we demonstrate with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that capillarity is able to induce spontaneous cavitation in the presence of hydrophobic heterogeneities. Our simulation results reveal separately how the capillary generates a negative pressure and how the generated negative pressure affects the onset of cavitation. We then interpret the cavitation mechanism and determine the occurrence of cavitation as a function of the hydrophobicity of the nucleating substrates where the cavitation initiates and as a function of the hydrophilicity of the capillary tube from which the negative pressure generates. Our results reveal that the capillary-induced cavitation can be described well with a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism, within the framework of classical nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhenjiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, C. Martí I Franquès 1, Barcelona E08028, Spain.
- UBICS University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E08028, Spain
| | - Xianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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2
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Chang R, Davydov A, Jaroenlak P, Budaitis B, Ekiert DC, Bhabha G, Prakash M. Energetics of the microsporidian polar tube invasion machinery. eLife 2024; 12:RP86638. [PMID: 38381133 PMCID: PMC10942582 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are eukaryotic, obligate intracellular parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, leading to health and economic burdens worldwide. Microsporidia use an unusual invasion organelle called the polar tube (PT), which is ejected from a dormant spore at ultra-fast speeds, to infect host cells. The mechanics of PT ejection are impressive. Anncaliia algerae microsporidia spores (3-4 μm in size) shoot out a 100-nm-wide PT at a speed of 300 μm/s, creating a shear rate of 3000 s-1. The infectious cargo, which contains two nuclei, is shot through this narrow tube for a distance of ∼60-140 μm (Jaroenlak et al, 2020) and into the host cell. Considering the large hydraulic resistance in an extremely thin tube and the low-Reynolds-number nature of the process, it is not known how microsporidia can achieve this ultrafast event. In this study, we use Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to capture 3-dimensional snapshots of A. algerae spores in different states of the PT ejection process. Grounded in these data, we propose a theoretical framework starting with a systematic exploration of possible topological connectivity amongst organelles, and assess the energy requirements of the resulting models. We perform PT firing experiments in media of varying viscosity, and use the results to rank our proposed hypotheses based on their predicted energy requirement. We also present a possible mechanism for cargo translocation, and quantitatively compare our predictions to experimental observations. Our study provides a comprehensive biophysical analysis of the energy dissipation of microsporidian infection process and demonstrates the extreme limits of cellular hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Ari Davydov
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Pattana Jaroenlak
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Breane Budaitis
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Damian C Ekiert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Gira Bhabha
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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3
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Gallo M, Magaletti F, Georgoulas A, Marengo M, De Coninck J, Casciola CM. A nanoscale view of the origin of boiling and its dynamics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6428. [PMID: 37833270 PMCID: PMC10576093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a dynamical theory of boiling based on fluctuating hydrodynamics and the diffuse interface approach. The model is able to describe boiling from the stochastic nucleation up to the macroscopic bubble dynamics. It covers, with a modest computational cost, the mesoscale area from nano to micrometers, where most of the controversial observations related to the phenomenon originate. In particular, the role of wettability in the macroscopic observables of boiling is elucidated. In addition, by comparing the ideal case of boiling on ultra-smooth surfaces with a chemically heterogeneous wall, our results will definitively shed light on the puzzling low onset temperatures measured in experiments. Sporadic nanometric spots of hydrophobic wettability will be shown to be enough to trigger the nucleation at low superheat, significantly reducing the temperature of boiling onset, in line with experimental results. The proposed mesoscale approach constitutes the missing link between macroscopic approaches and molecular dynamics simulations and will open a breakthrough pathway toward accurate understanding and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Gallo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK.
| | - Francesco Magaletti
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
| | - Anastasios Georgoulas
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
| | - Marco Marengo
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Dept. of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Joel De Coninck
- School of Architecture, Technology and Engineering, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
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Chang R, Davydov A, Jaroenlak P, Budaitis B, Ekiert DC, Bhabha G, Prakash M. Energetics of the Microsporidian Polar Tube Invasion Machinery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524456. [PMID: 36711805 PMCID: PMC9884504 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia are eukaryotic, obligate intracellular parasites that infect a wide range of hosts, leading to health and economic burdens worldwide. Microsporidia use an unusual invasion organelle called the polar tube (PT), which is ejected from a dormant spore at ultra-fast speeds, to infect host cells. The mechanics of PT ejection are impressive. Anncaliia algerae microsporidia spores (3-4 μm in size) shoot out a 100-nm-wide PT at a speed of 300 μm/sec, creating a shear rate of 3000 sec-1. The infectious cargo, which contains two nuclei, is shot through this narrow tube for a distance of ~60-140 μm (Jaroenlak et al., 2020) and into the host cell. Considering the large hydraulic resistance in an extremely thin tube and the low-Reynolds-number nature of the process, it is not known how microsporidia can achieve this ultrafast event. In this study, we use Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy to capture 3-dimensional snapshots of A. algerae spores in different states of the PT ejection process. Grounded in these data, we propose a theoretical framework starting with a systematic exploration of possible topological connectivity amongst organelles, and assess the energy requirements of the resulting models. We perform PT firing experiments in media of varying viscosity, and use the results to rank our proposed hypotheses based on their predicted energy requirement. We also present a possible mechanism for cargo translocation, and quantitatively compare our predictions to experimental observations. Our study provides a comprehensive biophysical analysis of the energy dissipation of microsporidian infection process and demonstrates the extreme limits of cellular hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ari Davydov
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pattana Jaroenlak
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Breane Budaitis
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Damian C. Ekiert
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gira Bhabha
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Shen Y, Chen W, Zhang L, Wu Y, Kou S, Zhao G. The dynamics of cavitation bubbles in a sealed vessel. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105865. [PMID: 34922152 PMCID: PMC8799600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A model of cavitation bubbles is derived in liquid confined in an elastic sealed vessel driven by ultrasound. In this model, an assumption that the pressure acting on the sealed vessel due to bubble pulsations is proportional to total volume change of bubbles is made. Numerical simulations are carried out for a single bubble and for bubbles. The results show that the pulsation of a single bubble can be suppressed to a large extent in sealed vessel, and that of two matched bubbles with same ambient radius can be further suppressed. However, when two mismatched bubbles have the same ambient radii, an interesting breathing phenomenon takes place, where one bubble pulsates inversely with the other one. Due to this breathing phenomenon the suppression effect becomes weak, so the maximum radii of two mismatched bubbles can be larger than that of a single bubble or that of two matched bubbles in sealed vessel. Besides that, for two mismatched bubbles with different ambient radii, the small one in sealed vessel under some certain parameters can pulsate as strong as or even stronger than that of a single bubble in an open vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shaoyang Kou
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guoying Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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6
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Pellegrin M, Bouret Y, Celestini F, Noblin X. Cavitation Mean Expectation Time in a Stretched Lennard-Jones Fluid under Confinement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:14181-14188. [PMID: 33196213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the nucleation of cavitation bubbles in a confined Lennard-Jones fluid subjected to negative pressures in a cubic enclosure. We perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with tunable interatomic potentials that enable us to control the wettability of solid walls by the liquid, that is, its contact angle. For a given temperature and pressure, as the solid is taken more hydrophobic, we put in evidence, an increase in nucleation probability. A Voronoi tessellation method is used to accurately detect the bubble appearance and its nucleation rate as a function of the contact angle. We adapt classical nucleation theory (CNT) proposed for the heterogeneous case on a flat surface to our situation where bubbles may appear on flat walls, edges, or corners of the confined box. We finally calculate a theoretical mean expectation time in these three cases. The ratio of these calculated values over the homogeneous case is computed and compared successfully against MD simulations. Beyond the infinite liquid case, this work explores the heterogeneous nucleation of cavitation bubbles, not only in the flat surface case but for more complex confining geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pellegrin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice UMR7010 (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Yann Bouret
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice UMR7010 (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Franck Celestini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice UMR7010 (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Xavier Noblin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice UMR7010 (INPHYNI), Parc Valrose 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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Zheng Y, Pierce A, Wagner WL, Scheller HV, Mohnen D, Tsuda A, Ackermann M, Mentzer SJ. Analysis of pectin biopolymer phase states using acoustic emissions. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 227:115282. [PMID: 31590860 PMCID: PMC6936603 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic emissions are stress or elastic waves produced by a material under external load. Since acoustic emissions are generated from within and transmitted through the substance, the acoustic signature provides insights into the physical and mechanical properties of the material. In this report, we used a constant velocity probe with force and acoustic emission monitoring to investigate the properties of glass phase and gel phase pectin films. In the gel phase films, a constant velocity uniaxial load produced periodic premonitory acoustic emissions with coincident force variations (saw-tooth pattern). SEM images of the gel phase microarchitecture indicated the presence of slip planes. In contrast, the glass phase films demonstrated early acoustic emissions, but effectively no force or acoustic evidence of periodic or premonitory emissions. Microstructural imaging of the glass phase films indicated the presence of early microcracks as well as dense polymerization of the pectin (without evidence of slip planes). We conclude that the water content in the pectin films contributes to not only the physical properties of the films, but also the stick-slip motion observed with constant uniaxial load. Further, acoustic emissions provide a sensitive and practical measure of this mechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zheng
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aidan Pierce
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Willi L Wagner
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Translational Lung Research Center, Univeristy of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville CA and the Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Akira Tsuda
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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