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Abstract
Crumpling an ordinary thin sheet transforms it into a structure with unusual mechanical behaviors, such as enhanced rigidity, emission of crackling noise, slow relaxations, and memory retention. A central challenge in explaining these behaviors lies in understanding the contribution of the complex geometry of the sheet. Here we combine cyclic driving protocols and three-dimensional (3D) imaging to correlate the global mechanical response and the underlying geometric transformations in unfolded crumpled sheets. We find that their response to cyclic strain is intermittent, hysteretic, and encodes a memory of the largest applied compression. Using 3D imaging we show that these behaviors emerge due to an interplay between localized and interacting geometric instabilities in the sheet. A simple model confirms that these minimal ingredients are sufficient to explain the observed behaviors. Finally, we show that after training, multiple memories can be encoded, a phenomenon known as return point memory. Our study lays the foundation for understanding the complex mechanics of crumpled sheets and presents an experimental and theoretical framework for the study of memory formation in systems of interacting instabilities.
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2
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Sánchez-Rey B, Prados A. Linear response in the uniformly heated granular gas. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:024903. [PMID: 34525635 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.024903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We analyze the linear response properties of the uniformly heated granular gas. The intensity of the stochastic driving fixes the value of the granular temperature in the nonequilibrium steady state reached by the system. Here, we investigate two specific situations. First, we look into the "direct" relaxation of the system after a single (small) jump of the driving intensity. This study is carried out by two different methods. Not only do we linearize the evolution equations around the steady state, but we also derive generalized out-of-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relations for the relevant response functions. Second, we investigate the behavior of the system in a more complex experiment, specifically a Kovacs-like protocol with two jumps in the driving. The emergence of an anomalous Kovacs response is explained in terms of the properties of the direct relaxation function: it is the second mode changing sign at the critical value of the inelasticity that demarcates anomalous from normal behavior. The analytical results are compared with numerical simulations of the kinetic equation, and a good agreement is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Sánchez-Rey
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, E.P.S., Universidad de Sevilla, Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Prados
- Física Teórica, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado de Correos 1065, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Mirzaali MJ, Ghorbani A, Nakatani K, Nouri-Goushki M, Tümer N, Callens SJP, Janbaz S, Accardo A, Bico J, Habibi M, Zadpoor AA. Curvature Induced by Deflection in Thick Meta-Plates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008082. [PMID: 34121234 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of advanced functional devices often requires the use of intrinsically curved geometries that belong to the realm of non-Euclidean geometry and remain a challenge for traditional engineering approaches. Here, it is shown how the simple deflection of thick meta-plates based on hexagonal cellular mesostructures can be used to achieve a wide range of intrinsic (i.e., Gaussian) curvatures, including dome-like and saddle-like shapes. Depending on the unit cell structure, non-auxetic (i.e., positive Poisson ratio) or auxetic (i.e., negative Poisson ratio) plates can be obtained, leading to a negative or positive value of the Gaussian curvature upon bending, respectively. It is found that bending such meta-plates along their longitudinal direction induces a curvature along their transverse direction. Experimentally and numerically, it is shown how the amplitude of this induced curvature is related to the longitudinal bending and the geometry of the meta-plate. The approach proposed here constitutes a general route for the rational design of advanced functional devices with intrinsically curved geometries. To demonstrate the merits of this approach, a scaling relationship is presented, and its validity is demonstrated by applying it to 3D-printed microscale meta-plates. Several applications for adaptive optical devices with adjustable focal length and soft wearable robotics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Aref Ghorbani
- Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Kenichi Nakatani
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdiyeh Nouri-Goushki
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Nazli Tümer
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastien J P Callens
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Shahram Janbaz
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - José Bico
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot and Laboratoire de Physique et de Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogenes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University - 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Mehdi Habibi
- Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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4
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Safina LR, Krylova KA, Murzaev RT, Baimova JA, Mulyukov RR. Crumpled Graphene-Storage Media for Hydrogen and Metal Nanoclusters. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092098. [PMID: 33919363 PMCID: PMC8122341 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structural behavior of graphene flake, which is the structural unit of bulk crumpled graphene, is of high importance, especially when it is in contact with the other types of atoms. In the present work, crumpled graphene is considered as storage media for two types of nanoclusters-nickel and hydrogen. Crumpled graphene consists of crumpled graphene flakes bonded by weak van der Waals forces and can be considered an excellent container for different atoms. Molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the behavior of the graphene flake filled with the nickel nanocluster or hydrogen molecules. The simulation results reveal that graphene flake can be considered a perfect container for metal nanocluster since graphene can easily cover it. Hydrogen molecules can be stored on graphene flake at 77 K, however, the amount of hydrogen is low. Thus, additional treatment is required to increase the amount of stored hydrogen. Remarkably, the size dependence of the structural behavior of the graphene flake filled with both nickel and hydrogen atoms is found. The size of the filling cluster should be chosen in comparison with the specific surface area of graphene flake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya R. Safina
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Kosmonavtov Str. 1, 450062 Ufa, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karina A. Krylova
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (K.A.K.); (R.T.M.); (J.A.B.)
- Bashkir State University, Validy Str. 32, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ramil T. Murzaev
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (K.A.K.); (R.T.M.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Julia A. Baimova
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (K.A.K.); (R.T.M.); (J.A.B.)
- Bashkir State University, Validy Str. 32, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Radik R. Mulyukov
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Kosmonavtov Str. 1, 450062 Ufa, Russia;
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalturina 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (K.A.K.); (R.T.M.); (J.A.B.)
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5
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Fan Chiang HC, Chiu LJ, Li HH, Hsiao PY, Hong TM. Crumpling an elastoplastic thin sphere. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012209. [PMID: 33601503 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of crumpling is common in nature and our daily life. However, most of its properties, such as the power-law relation for pressure versus density and the ratio of bending and stretching energies, as well as the interesting statistical properties, were obtained by using flat sheets. This is in contrast to the fact that the majority of crumpled objects in the real world are three-dimensional. Notable examples are car wreckage, crushed aluminum cans, and blood cells that move through tissues constantly. In this work, we did a thorough examination of the properties of a crumpled spherical shell, hemisphere, cube, and cylinder via experiments and molecular-dynamics simulations. Physical arguments are provided to understand the discrepancies with those for flat sheets. The root of this disparity is found to lie less in the nonzero curvature, sharp edges and corner, and open boundary than in the dimensionality of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chieh Fan Chiang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Chiu
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Huei Li
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pai-Yi Hsiao
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzay-Ming Hong
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
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6
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Jules T, Lechenault F, Adda-Bedia M. Plasticity and aging of folded elastic sheets. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:033005. [PMID: 33075954 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.033005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the dissipative mechanisms exhibited by creased material sheets when subjected to mechanical loading, which comes in the form of plasticity and relaxation phenomena within the creases. After demonstrating that plasticity mostly affects the rest angle of the creases, we devise a mapping between this quantity and the macroscopic state of the system that allows us to track its reference configuration along an arbitrary loading path, resulting in a powerful monitoring and design tool for crease-based metamaterials. Furthermore, we show that complex relaxation phenomena, in particular memory effects, can give rise to a nonmonotonic response at the crease level, possibly relating to the similar behavior reported for crumpled sheets. We describe our observations through a classical double-logarithmic time evolution and obtain a constitutive behavior compatible with that of the underlying material. Thus the lever effect provided by the crease allows magnified access to the material's rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jules
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - F Lechenault
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Adda-Bedia
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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7
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Song L, Xu W, Huo J, Li F, Wang LM, Ediger MD, Wang JQ. Activation Entropy as a Key Factor Controlling the Memory Effect in Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:135501. [PMID: 33034495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As opposed to the common monotonic relaxation process of glasses, the Kovacs memory effect describes an isothermal annealing experiment, in which the enthalpy and volume of a preannealed glass first increases before finally decreasing toward equilibrium. This interesting behavior has been observed for many materials and is generally explained in terms of heterogeneous dynamics. In this Letter, the memory effect in a model Au-based metallic glass is studied using a high-precision high-rate calorimeter. The activation entropy (S^{*}) during isothermal annealing is determined according to the absolute reaction rate theory. We observe that the memory effect appears only when the second-annealing process has a large S^{*}. These results indicate that a large value of S^{*} is a key requirement for observation of the memory effect and this may provide a useful perspective for understanding the memory effect in both thermal and athermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juntao Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fushan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jun-Qiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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8
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Petrova D, Sharma DK, Vacha M, Bonn D, Brouwer AM, Weber B. Ageing of Polymer Frictional Interfaces: The Role of Quantity and Quality of Contact. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9890-9895. [PMID: 32024365 PMCID: PMC7049987 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
When two objects are in contact, the force necessary for one to start sliding over the other is larger than the force necessary to keep the sliding motion going. This difference between static and dynamic friction is thought to result from a reduction in the area of real contact upon the onset of slip. Here, we resolve the structure in the area of contact on the molecular scale by means of environment-sensitive molecular rotors using (super-resolution) fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging. We demonstrate that the macroscopic friction force is not only controlled by the area of real contact but also controlled by the "quality" of that area of real contact, which determines the friction per unit contact area. We show that the latter is affected by the local density of the contacting surfaces, a parameter that can be expected to change in time at any interface that involves glassy, amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Petrova
- van
‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - D. K. Sharma
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Vacha
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, 152-8552 Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. Bonn
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, IoP, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. M. Brouwer
- van
‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B. Weber
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute, IoP, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 110, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Farzam Rad V, Ramírez-Miquet EE, Cabrera H, Habibi M, Moradi AR. Speckle pattern analysis of crumpled papers. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6549-6554. [PMID: 31503584 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we show that laser speckle analysis (LSA) can provide valuable information about the structure of crumpled thin sheets. Crumpling and folding of slender objects are present in several phenomena and in various ranges of size, e.g., paper compaction, cortical folding in brains, DNA packing in viral capsids, and flower buds, to name a few. The analysis of laser speckles, both numerical and graphical, is a source of information about the activity of biological or non-biological materials, and the development of digital electronics, which brought the ease of image processing, has opened new perspectives for a spectrum of LSA applications. LSA is applied on randomly crumpled and one-, two-, and three-times folded papers, and appreciable differences in LSA parameters are observed. The methodology can be applied for easy-to-implement quantitative assessment of similar phenomena and samples.
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