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Maity S, Bhuyan T, Jewell C, Kawakita S, Sharma S, Nguyen HT, Hassani Najafabadi A, Ermis M, Falcone N, Chen J, Mandal K, Khorsandi D, Yilgor C, Choroomi A, Torres E, Mecwan M, John JV, Akbari M, Wang Z, Moniz-Garcia D, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Recent Developments in Glioblastoma-On-A-Chip for Advanced Drug Screening Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405511. [PMID: 39535474 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of cancer, comprising ≈80% of malignant brain tumors. However, there are no effective treatments for GBM due to its heterogeneity and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Despite in vitro models contributing to the understanding of GBM, conventional 2D models oversimplify the complex tumor microenvironment. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) models have emerged as promising platforms that recapitulate human tissue physiology, enabling disease modeling, drug screening, and personalized medicine. There is a sudden increase in GBM-on-a-chip models that can significantly advance the knowledge of GBM etiology and revolutionize drug development by reducing animal testing and enhancing translation to the clinic. In this review, an overview of GBM-on-a-chip models and their applications is reported for drug screening and discussed current challenges and potential future directions for GBM-on-a-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Tamanna Bhuyan
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science & Technology Meghalaya, Meghalaya, 793101, India
| | - Christopher Jewell
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | | | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Can Yilgor
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Auveen Choroomi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Emily Torres
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Johnson V John
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Diogo Moniz-Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
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Meyer T, Castelein J, Schattenfroh J, Sophie Morr A, Vieira da Silva R, Tzschätzsch H, Reiter R, Guo J, Sack I. Magnetic resonance elastography in a nutshell: Tomographic imaging of soft tissue viscoelasticity for detecting and staging disease with a focus on inflammation. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 144-145:1-14. [PMID: 39645347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/09/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging clinical imaging modality for characterizing the viscoelastic properties of soft biological tissues. MRE shows great promise in the noninvasive diagnosis of various diseases, especially those associated with soft tissue changes involving the extracellular matrix, cell density, or fluid turnover including altered blood perfusion - all hallmarks of inflammation from early events to cancer development. This review covers the fundamental principles of measuring tissue viscoelasticity by MRE, which are based on the stimulation and encoding of shear waves and their conversion into parameter maps of mechanical properties by inverse problem solutions of the wave equation. Technical challenges posed by real-world biological tissue properties such as viscosity, heterogeneity, anisotropy, and nonlinear elastic behavior of tissues are discussed. Applications of MRE measurement in both humans and animal models are presented, with emphasis on the detection, characterization, and staging of diseases related to the cascade of biomechanical property changes from early to chronic inflammation in the liver and brain. Overall, MRE provides valuable insights into the biophysics of soft tissues for imaging-based detection and staging of inflammation-associated tissue changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Meyer
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Castelein
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands; Department for Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Sophie Morr
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafaela Vieira da Silva
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Tzschätzsch
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Reiter
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Lan M, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Haider MA, Zhang Y, Zhang Q. Matrix Viscoelasticity Tunes the Mechanobiological Behavior of Chondrocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4126. [PMID: 39324844 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
In articular cartilage, the pericellular matrix acting as a specialized mechanical microenvironment modulates environmental signals to chondrocytes through mechanotransduction. Matrix viscoelastic alterations during cartilage development and osteoarthritis (OA) degeneration play an important role in regulating chondrocyte fate and cartilage matrix homeostasis. In recent years, scientists are gradually realizing the importance of matrix viscoelasticity in regulating chondrocyte function and phenotype. Notably, this is an emerging field, and this review summarizes the existing literatures to the best of our knowledge. This review provides an overview of the viscoelastic properties of hydrogels and the role of matrix viscoelasticity in directing chondrocyte behavior. In this review, we elaborated the mechanotransuction mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to the viscoelastic environment and also discussed the underlying signaling pathways. Moreover, emerging insights into the role of matrix viscoelasticity in regulating chondrocyte function and cartilage formation shed light into designing cell-instructive biomaterial. We also describe the potential use of viscoelastic biomaterials in cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Future perspectives on mechanobiological comprehension of the viscoelastic behaviors involved in tissue homeostasis, cellular responses, and biomaterial design are highlighted. Finally, this review also highlights recent strategies utilizing viscoelastic hydrogels for designing cartilage-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Lan
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Haider
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Quanyou Zhang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Qiao E, Fulmore CA, Schaffer DV, Kumar S. Substrate stress relaxation regulates neural stem cell fate commitment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317711121. [PMID: 38968101 PMCID: PMC11252819 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317711121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and their capacity to generate neurons and glia plays a role in learning and memory. In addition, neurodegenerative diseases are known to be caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells, resulting in a need to better understand stem cell fate commitment processes. We previously showed that NSC fate commitment toward a neuronal or glial lineage is strongly influenced by extracellular matrix stiffness, a property of elastic materials. However, tissues in vivo are not purely elastic and have varying degrees of viscous character. Relatively little is known about how the viscoelastic properties of the substrate impact NSC fate commitment. Here, we introduce a polyacrylamide-based cell culture platform that incorporates mismatched DNA oligonucleotide-based cross-links as well as covalent cross-links. This platform allows for tunable viscous stress relaxation properties via variation in the number of mismatched base pairs. We find that NSCs exhibit increased astrocytic differentiation as the degree of stress relaxation is increased. Furthermore, culturing NSCs on increasingly stress-relaxing substrates impacts cytoskeletal dynamics by decreasing intracellular actin flow rates and stimulating cyclic activation of the mechanosensitive protein RhoA. Additionally, inhibition of motor-clutch model components such as myosin II and focal adhesion kinase partially or completely reverts cells to lineage distributions observed on elastic substrates. Collectively, our results introduce a unique system for controlling matrix stress relaxation properties and offer insight into how NSCs integrate viscoelastic cues to direct fate commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Camille A. Fulmore
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - David V. Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA94143
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5
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Braun J, Bernarding J, Snellings J, Meyer T, Dantas de Moraes PA, Safraou Y, Wells RG, Guo J, Tzschätzsch H, Zappe A, Pagel K, Sauer IM, Hillebrandt KH, Sack I. On the relationship between viscoelasticity and water diffusion in soft biological tissues. Acta Biomater 2024; 182:42-53. [PMID: 38729549 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are complementary imaging techniques that detect disease based on viscoelasticity and water mobility, respectively. However, the relationship between viscoelasticity and water diffusion is still poorly understood, hindering the clinical translation of combined DWI-MRE markers. We used DWI-MRE to study 129 biomaterial samples including native and cross-linked collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with different sulfation levels, and decellularized specimens of pancreas and liver, all with different proportions of solid tissue, or solid fractions. We developed a theoretical framework of the relationship between mechanical loss and tissue-water mobility based on two parameters, solid and fluid viscosity. These parameters revealed distinct DWI-MRE property clusters characterizing weak, moderate, and strong water-network interactions. Sparse networks interacting weakly with water, such as collagen or diluted decellularized tissue, resulted in marginal changes in water diffusion over increasing solid viscosity. In contrast, dense networks with larger solid fractions exhibited both free and hindered water diffusion depending on the polarity of the solid components. For example, polar and highly sulfated GAGs as well as native soft tissues hindered water diffusion despite relatively low solid viscosity. Our results suggest that two fundamental properties of tissue networks, solid fraction and network polarity, critically influence solid and fluid viscosity in biological tissues. Since clinical DWI and MRE are sensitive to these viscosity parameters, the framework we present here can be used to detect tissue remodeling and architectural changes in the setting of diagnostic imaging. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The viscoelastic properties of biological tissues provide a wealth of information on the vital state of cells and host matrix. Combined measurement of viscoelasticity and water diffusion by medical imaging is sensitive to tissue microarchitecture. However, the relationship between viscoelasticity and water diffusion is still poorly understood, hindering full exploitation of these properties as a combined clinical biomarker. Therefore, we analyzed the parameter space accessible by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and developed a theoretical framework for the relationship between water mobility and mechanical parameters in biomaterials. Our theory of solid material properties related to particle motion can be translated to clinical radiology using clinically established MRE and DWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Snellings
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Meyer
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Yasmine Safraou
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca G Wells
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Tzschätzsch
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Zappe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Department of Surgery, CCM | CVK, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, CCM | CVK, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Kader A, Snellings J, Adams LC, Gottheil P, Mangarova DB, Heyl JL, Kaufmann JO, Moeckel J, Brangsch J, Auer TA, Collettini F, Sauer F, Hamm B, Käs J, Sack I, Makowski MR, Braun J. Sensitivity of magnetic resonance elastography to extracellular matrix and cell motility in human prostate cancer cell line-derived xenograft models. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213884. [PMID: 38723432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health problem in the male population of the Western world. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), an emerging medical imaging technique sensitive to mechanical properties of biological tissues, detects PCa based on abnormally high stiffness and viscosity values. Yet, the origin of these changes in tissue properties and how they correlate with histopathological markers and tumor aggressiveness are largely unknown, hindering the use of tumor biomechanical properties for establishing a noninvasive PCa staging system. To infer the contributions of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cell motility, we investigated fresh tissue specimens from two PCa xenograft mouse models, PC3 and LNCaP, using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), quantitative histology, and nuclear shape analysis. Increased tumor stiffness and impaired water diffusion were observed to be associated with collagen and elastin accumulation and decreased cell motility. Overall, LNCaP, while more representative of clinical PCa than PC3, accumulated fewer ECM components, induced less restriction of water diffusion, and exhibited increased cell motility, resulting in overall softer and less viscous properties. Taken together, our results suggest that prostate tumor stiffness increases with ECM accumulation and cell adhesion - characteristics that influence critical biological processes of cancer development. MRE paired with DWI provides a powerful set of imaging markers that can potentially predict prostate tumor development from benign masses to aggressive malignancies in patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Xenograft models of human prostate tumor cell lines, allowing correlation of microstructure-sensitive biophysical imaging parameters with quantitative histological methods, can be investigated to identify hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avan Kader
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Joachim Snellings
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lisa C Adams
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Pablo Gottheil
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dilyana B Mangarova
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jennifer L Heyl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan O Kaufmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jana Moeckel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julia Brangsch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Timo A Auer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Insitute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Federico Collettini
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Insitute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Sauer
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Josef Käs
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany; King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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7
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van der Laan KWF, Reesink KD, Lambrichts S, Bitsch NJJE, van der Taelen L, Foulquier S, Delhaas T, Spronck B, Giudici A. Effect of rapid cooling, frozen storage, and thawing on the passive viscoelastic properties and structure of the rat aorta. J Biomech 2024; 171:112190. [PMID: 38897049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Biological tissues decay over time after harvesting, which alters their biomechanical properties. This poses logistical challenges for studies investigating passive arterial biomechanics as tissues need to be characterized shortly after excision. Freezing and cryopreservation methods can help alleviate the need for biomechanical testing of fresh tissue in human ex vivo studies. However, these methods tend to eliminate or reduce arterial cell functionality and affect passive biomechanics. Furthermore, their impact on dynamic arterial biomechanics remains unknown despite arterial viscoelastic properties being an integral component contributing to arterial stiffness under in vivo loading conditions. The present study aims to investigate the impact of rapid cooling and subsequent storage at -80 °C on the passive viscoelastic properties of arterial tissue and aid in ascertaining whether this is a suitable method to delay tissue analysis for studies investigating passive arterial biomechanics. Control and frozen abdominal rat aorta segments were quasi-statically and dynamically tested using a biaxial testing set-up. The results were modeled using a constituent-based quasi-linear viscoelastic modeling framework, yielding directional stiffness parameters, individual constituent biomechanical contributions, and a quantification of viscoelastic stiffening under dynamic pressurization conditions. Frozen samples displayed significantly decreased wall thickness, viscoelastic dissipation, viscoelastic stiffening, and significantly decreased circumferential deformation with changes in luminal pressure. Furthermore, frozen samples displayed significantly increased circumferential stiffness, pulse wave velocity, and collagen load bearing. Consequently, these changes should be considered when utilizing this tissue preservation method to delay biomechanical characterization of rat aortic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen W F van der Laan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen D Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Lambrichts
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; MHENS School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laura van der Taelen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; MHENS School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alessandro Giudici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Shi N, Wang J, Tang S, Zhang H, Wei Z, Li A, Ma Y, Xu F. Matrix Nonlinear Viscoelasticity Regulates Skeletal Myogenesis through MRTF Nuclear Localization and Nuclear Mechanotransduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305218. [PMID: 37847903 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically sensitive tissues (e.g., skeletal muscles) greatly need mechanical stimuli during the development and maturation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) mediates these signals through nonlinear viscoelasticity of collagen networks that are predominant components of the ECM. However, the interactions between cells and ECM form a feedback loop, and it has not yet been possible to determine the degree to which, if any, of the features of matrix nonlinear viscoelasticity affect skeletal muscle development and regeneration. In this study, a nonlinear viscoelastic feature (i.e., strain-enhanced stress relaxation (SESR)) in normal skeletal muscles is observed, which however is almost absent in diseased muscles from Duchenne muscular dystrophy mice. It is recapitulated such SESR feature in vitro and separated the effects of mechanical strain and ECM viscoelasticity on myoblast response by developing a collagen-based hydrogel platform. Both strain and stress relaxation induce myogenic differentiation and myotube formation by C2C12 myoblasts, and myogenesis is more promoted by applying SESR. This promotion can be explained by the effects of SESR on actin polymerization-mediated myocardin related transcription factor (MRTF) nuclear localization and nuclear mechanotransduction. This study represents the first attempt to investigate the SESR phenomenon in skeletal muscles and reveal underlying mechanobiology, which will provide new opportunities for the tissue injury treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianyuan Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxin Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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9
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Khan S, Goswami S, Feng F, Hollenbach S, Doyley MM, McAleavey SA. Probing Tissue Viscoelasticity With STL Ultrasound Shearwave Spectroscopy Using Cole-Cole Diagrams. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:916-928. [PMID: 37801375 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3322420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Viscoelasticity is mapped by dispersion in shearwave elastography. Incomplete spectral information of shearwaves is therefore used to estimate mechanical stiffness. We propose capturing the "full-waveform-information" of the shear wave spectra to better resolve complex shear modulus μ* (ω). Approach is validated on phantom models, animal tissues, and feasibility demonstrated on human post-delivery placenta. METHODS We captured robust estimates of μ* in ex-vivo livers subjected to water bath ablation, glutaraldehyde exposure and in the placenta. RESULTS Complex modulus at 200 Hz is more reflective of tissue stiffness than cross-correlation estimate. Bias increased in phantoms with higher gelatin (G) (0.65: 6% G) and oil (O) (0.58: 6% G and 40% O) concentration, compared to elastic phantoms with low stiffness (0.33: 3% G). Actual tissues also reported higher bias in cross-correlation estimate (rabbit liver: 0.61, porcine liver: 2.20, and human placenta: 0.63). Stiffness is sensitive to ablation temperature, where the overall modulus changed from 3.02 KPa at 16 °C to 2.75 KPa at 56 °C in water bath. With exposure to Glutaraldehyde, the overall modulus increased from 2.37 to 9.03 KPa. Reconstruction errors in the loss modulus decreased by 68% with the power law compared to a Maxwell model in porcine livers with Cole-Cole inverse fitting. CONCLUSION Omitting Shear wave attenuation leads to bias. Reconstruction of rheological response with a model is sensitive to its architecture and also the framework. SIGNIFICANCE We use "full spectral information" in ultrasound shear wave elastography to better map μ*(ω) changes in viscoelastic tissues.
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10
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Xie X, Sauer F, Grosser S, Lippoldt J, Warmt E, Das A, Bi D, Fuhs T, Käs JA. Effect of non-linear strain stiffening in eDAH and unjamming. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1996-2007. [PMID: 38323652 PMCID: PMC10900305 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
In cell clusters, the prominent factors at play encompass contractility-based enhanced tissue surface tension and cell unjamming transition. The former effect pertains to the boundary effect, while the latter constitutes a bulk effect. Both effects share outcomes of inducing significant elongation in cells. This elongation is so substantial that it surpasses the limits of linear elasticity, thereby giving rise to additional effects. To investigate these effects, we employ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to analyze how the mechanical properties of individual cells change under such considerable elongation. Our selection of cell lines includes MCF-10A, chosen for its pronounced demonstration of the extended differential adhesion hypothesis (eDAH), and MDA-MB-436, selected due to its manifestation of cell unjamming behavior. In the AFM analyses, we observe a common trend in both cases: as elongation increases, both cell lines exhibit strain stiffening. Notably, this effect is more prominent in MCF-10A compared to MDA-MB-436. Subsequently, we employ AFM on a dynamic range of 1-200 Hz to probe the mechanical characteristics of cell spheroids, focusing on both surface and bulk mechanics. Our findings align with the results from single cell investigations. Specifically, MCF-10A cells, characterized by strong contractile tissue tension, exhibit the greatest stiffness on their surface. Conversely, MDA-MB-436 cells, which experience significant elongation, showcase their highest stiffness within the bulk region. Consequently, the concept of single cell strain stiffening emerges as a crucial element in understanding the mechanics of multicellular spheroids (MCSs), even in the case of MDA-MB-436 cells, which are comparatively softer in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Xie
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Frank Sauer
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Steffen Grosser
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Lippoldt
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Enrico Warmt
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Amit Das
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Fuhs
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Josef A Käs
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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11
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Krehl K, Hahndorf J, Stolzenburg N, Taupitz M, Braun J, Sack I, Schnorr J, Guo J. Characterization of renal fibrosis in rats with chronic kidney disease by in vivo tomoelastography. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e5003. [PMID: 37455558 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by structural changes, such as tubular atrophy, renal fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis, all of which affect the viscoelastic properties of biological tissues. However, detection of renal viscoelasticity changes because diagnostic markers by in vivo elastography lack histopathological validation through animal models. Therefore, we investigated in vivo multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI), including multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography-based tomoelastography, in the kidneys of 10 rats with adenine-induced CKD and eight healthy controls. Kidney volume (in mm3 ), water diffusivity (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] in mm2 /s), shear wave speed (SWS; in m/s; related to stiffness), and wave penetration rate (PR; in m/s; related to inverse viscosity) were quantified by mp-MRI and correlated with histopathologically determined renal fibrosis (collagen area fraction [CAF]; in %). Kidney volume (40% ± 29%, p = 0.009), SWS (11% ± 12%, p = 0.016), and PR (20% ± 15%, p = 0.004) were significantly increased in CKD, which was accompanied by ADC (-24% ± 27%, p = 0.02). SWS, PR, and ADC were correlated with CAF with R = 0.63, 0.75, and -0.5 (all p < 0.05), respectively. In the CKD rats, histopathology showed tubule dilation due to adenine crystal deposition. Collectively, our results suggest that collagen accumulation during CKD progression transforms soft-compliant renal tissue into a more rigid-solid state with reduced water mobility. We hypothesized that tubule dilation-a specific feature of our model-might lead to higher intraluminal pressure, which could also contribute to elevated renal stiffness. Tomoelastography is a promising tool for noninvasively assessing disease progression, detecting biomechanical properties that are sensitive to different pathologic features of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Krehl
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Hahndorf
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Stolzenburg
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Sauer F, Grosser S, Shahryari M, Hayn A, Guo J, Braun J, Briest S, Wolf B, Aktas B, Horn L, Sack I, Käs JA. Changes in Tissue Fluidity Predict Tumor Aggressiveness In Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303523. [PMID: 37553780 PMCID: PMC10502644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is caused by genetic changes and associated with various alterations in cell properties, which also affect a tumor's mechanical state. While an increased stiffness has been well known for long for solid tumors, it has limited prognostic power. It is hypothesized that cancer progression is accompanied by tissue fluidization, where portions of the tissue can change position across different length scales. Supported by tabletop magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) on stroma mimicking collagen gels and microscopic analysis of live cells inside patient derived tumor explants, an overview is provided of how cancer associated mechanisms, including cellular unjamming, proliferation, microenvironment composition, and remodeling can alter a tissue's fluidity and stiffness. In vivo, state-of-the-art multifrequency MRE can distinguish tumors from their surrounding host tissue by their rheological fingerprints. Most importantly, a meta-analysis on the currently available clinical studies is conducted and universal trends are identified. The results and conclusions are condensed into a gedankenexperiment about how a tumor can grow and eventually metastasize into its environment from a physics perspective to deduce corresponding mechanical properties. Based on stiffness, fluidity, spatial heterogeneity, and texture of the tumor front a roadmap for a prognosis of a tumor's aggressiveness and metastatic potential is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sauer
- Soft Matter Physics DivisionPeter‐Debye‐Institute for Soft Matter Physics04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Steffen Grosser
- Soft Matter Physics DivisionPeter‐Debye‐Institute for Soft Matter Physics04103LeipzigGermany
- Institute for Bioengineering of CataloniaThe Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST)Barcelona08028Spain
| | - Mehrgan Shahryari
- Department of RadiologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin10117BerlinGermany
| | - Alexander Hayn
- Department of HepatologyLeipzig University Hospital04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of RadiologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin10117BerlinGermany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical InformaticsCharité‐Universitätsmedizin10117BerlinGermany
| | - Susanne Briest
- Department of GynecologyLeipzig University Hospital04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Benjamin Wolf
- Department of GynecologyLeipzig University Hospital04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of GynecologyLeipzig University Hospital04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Lars‐Christian Horn
- Division of Breast, Urogenital and Perinatal PathologyLeipzig University Hospital04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of RadiologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin10117BerlinGermany
| | - Josef A. Käs
- Soft Matter Physics DivisionPeter‐Debye‐Institute for Soft Matter Physics04103LeipzigGermany
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13
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The mechanical traits of cancer include abnormally high solid stress as well as drastic and spatially heterogeneous changes in intrinsic mechanical tissue properties. Whereas solid stress elicits mechanosensory signals promoting tumor progression, mechanical heterogeneity is conducive to cell unjamming and metastatic spread. This reductionist view of tumorigenesis and malignant transformation provides a generalized framework for understanding the physical principles of tumor aggressiveness and harnessing them as novel in vivo imaging markers. Magnetic resonance elastography is an emerging imaging technology for depicting the viscoelastic properties of biological soft tissues and clinically characterizing tumors in terms of their biomechanical properties. This review article presents recent technical developments, basic results, and clinical applications of magnetic resonance elastography in patients with malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- From the Department of Radiology
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14
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Multi-frequency shear modulus measurements discriminate tumorous from healthy tissues. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105721. [PMID: 36791572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
As far as their mechanical properties are concerned, cancerous lesions can be confused with healthy surrounding tissues in elastography protocols if only the magnitude of moduli is considered. We show that the frequency dependence of the tissue's mechanical properties allows for discriminating the tumor from other tissues, obtaining a good contrast even when healthy and tumor tissues have shear moduli of comparable magnitude. We measured the shear modulus G*(ω) of xenograft subcutaneous tumors developed in mice using breast human cancer cells, compared with that of fat, skin and muscle harvested from the same mice. As the absolute shear modulus |G*(ω)| of tumors increases by 42% (from 5.2 to 7.4 kPa) between 0.25 and 63 Hz, it varies over the same frequency range by 77% (from 0.53 to 0.94 kPa) for the fat, by 103% (from 3.4 to 6.9 kPa) for the skin and by 120% (from 4.4 to 9.7 kPa) for the muscle. These measurements fit well to the fractional model G*(ω)=K(iω)n, yielding a coefficient K and a power-law exponent n for each sample. Tumor, skin and muscle have comparable K parameter values, that of fat being significantly lower; the p-values given by a Mann-Whitney test are above 0.14 when comparing tumor, skin and muscle between themselves, but below 0.001 when comparing fat with tumor, skin or muscle. With regards the n parameter, tumor and fat are comparable, with p-values above 0.43, whereas tumor differs from both skin and muscle, with p-values below 0.001. Tumor tissues thus significantly differs from fat, skin and muscle on account of either the K or the n parameter, i.e. of either the magnitude or the frequency-dependence of the shear modulus.
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15
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Liu C, Nguyen RY, Pizzurro GA, Zhang X, Gong X, Martinez AR, Mak M. Self-assembly of mesoscale collagen architectures and applications in 3D cell migration. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:167-181. [PMID: 36371004 PMCID: PMC9805527 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
3D in vitro tumor models have recently been investigated as they can recapitulate key features in the tumor microenvironment. Reconstruction of a biomimetic scaffold is critical in these models. However, most current methods focus on modulating local properties, e.g. micro- and nano-scaled topographies, without capturing the global millimeter or intermediate mesoscale features. Here we introduced a method for modulating the collagen I-based extracellular matrix structure by disruption of fibrillogenesis and the gelation process through mechanical agitation. With this method, we generated collagen scaffolds that are thickened and wavy at a larger scale while featuring global softness. Thickened collagen patches were interconnected with loose collagen networks, highly resembling collagen architecture in the tumor stroma. This thickened collagen network promoted tumor cell dissemination. In addition, this novel modified scaffold triggered differences in morphology and migratory behaviors of tumor cells. Altogether, our method for altered collagen architecture paves new ways for studying in detail cell behavior in physiologically relevant biological processes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor progression usually involves chronic tissue damage and repair processes. Hallmarks of tumors are highly overlapped with those of wound healing. To mimic the tumor milieu, collagen-based scaffolds are widely used. These scaffolds focus on modulating microscale topographies and mechanics, lacking global architecture similarity compared with in vivo architecture. Here we introduced one type of thick collagen bundles that mimics ECM architecture in human skin scars. These thickened collagen bundles are long and wavy while featuring global softness. This collagen architecture imposes fewer steric restraints and promotes tumor cell dissemination. Our findings demonstrate a distinct picture of cell behaviors and intercellular interactions, highlighting the importance of collagen architecture and spatial heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Ryan Y Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Gabriela A Pizzurro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Xiangyu Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | | | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
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16
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Panchenko AY, Tchaicheeyan O, Berinskii IE, Lesman A. Does the Extracellular Matrix Support Cell-Cell Communication by Elastic Wave Packets? ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5155-5170. [PMID: 36346743 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fibrous network supporting biological cells and provides them a medium for interaction. Cells modify the ECM by applying traction forces, and these forces can propagate to long ranges and establish a mechanism of mechanical communication between neighboring cells. Previous studies have mainly focused on analysis of static force transmission across the ECM. In this study, we explore the plausibility of dynamic mechanical interaction, expressed as vibrations or abrupt fluctuations, giving rise to elastic waves propagating along ECM fibers. We use a numerical mass-spring model to simulate the longitudinal and transversal waves propagating along a single ECM fiber and across a 2D random fiber network. The elastic waves are induced by an active contracting cell (signaler) and received by a passive neighboring cell (receiver). We show that dynamic wave propagation may amplify the signal at the receiver end and support up to an order of magnitude stronger mechanical cues and longer-ranged communication relative to static transmission. Also, we report an optimal impulse duration corresponding to the most effective transmission, as well as extreme fast impulses, in which the waves are encaged around the active cell and do not reach the neighboring cell, possibly due to the Anderson localization effect. Finally, we also demonstrate that extracellular fluid viscosity reduces, but still allows, dynamic propagation along embedded ECM fibers. Our results motivate future biological experiments in mechanobiology to investigate, on the one hand, the mechanosensitivity of cells to dynamic forces traveling and guided by the ECM and, on the other hand, the impact of ECM architecture and remodeling on dynamic force transmission and its spectral filtering, dispersion, and decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Y Panchenko
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Oren Tchaicheeyan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Igor E Berinskii
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel.,The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
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17
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Morr AS, Nowicki M, Bertalan G, Vieira Silva R, Infante Duarte C, Koch SP, Boehm-Sturm P, Krügel U, Braun J, Steiner B, Käs JA, Fuhs T, Sack I. Mechanical properties of murine hippocampal subregions investigated by atomic force microscopy and in vivo magnetic resonance elastography. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16723. [PMID: 36202964 PMCID: PMC9537158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a very heterogeneous brain structure with different mechanical properties reflecting its functional variety. In particular, adult neurogenesis in rodent hippocampus has been associated with specific viscoelastic properties in vivo and ex vivo. Here, we study the microscopic mechanical properties of hippocampal subregions using ex vivo atomic force microscopy (AFM) in correlation with the expression of GFP in presence of the nestin promoter, providing a marker of neurogenic activity. We further use magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to investigate whether in vivo mechanical properties reveal similar spatial patterns, however, on a much coarser scale. AFM showed that tissue stiffness increases with increasing distance from the subgranular zone (p = 0.0069), and that stiffness is 39% lower in GFP than non-GFP regions (p = 0.0004). Consistently, MRE showed that dentate gyrus is, on average, softer than Ammon´s horn (shear wave speed = 3.2 ± 0.2 m/s versus 4.4 ± 0.3 m/s, p = 0.01) with another 3.4% decrease towards the subgranular zone (p = 0.0001). The marked reduction in stiffness measured by AFM in areas of high neurogenic activity is consistent with softer MRE values, indicating the sensitivity of macroscopic mechanical properties in vivo to micromechanical structures as formed by the neurogenic niche of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Morr
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcin Nowicki
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gergely Bertalan
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafaela Vieira Silva
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Paul Koch
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Krügel
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Clinic for Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef A Käs
- Section of Soft Matter Physics, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Geosciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Fuhs
- Section of Soft Matter Physics, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Geosciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Pajic-Lijakovic I, Eftimie R, Milivojevic M, Bordas SPA. The rearrangement of co-cultured cellular model systems via collective cell migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 147:34-46. [PMID: 36307358 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cancer invasion through the surrounding epithelium and extracellular matrix (ECM) is the one of the main characteristics of cancer progression. While significant effort has been made to predict cancer cells response under various drug therapies, much less attention has been paid to understand the physical interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, which are essential for cancer invasion. Considering these physical interactions on various co-cultured in vitro model systems by emphasizing the role of viscoelasticity, the tissue surface tension, solid stress, and their inter-relations is a prerequisite for establishing the main factors that influence cancer cell spread and develop an efficient strategy to suppress it. This review focuses on the role of viscoelasticity caused by collective cell migration (CCM) in the context of mono-cultured and co-cultured cancer systems, and on the modeling approaches aimed at reproducing and understanding these biological systems. In this context, we do not only review previously-published biophysics models for collective cell migration, but also propose new extensions of those models to include solid stress accumulated within the spheroid core region and cell residual stress accumulation caused by CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Serbia.
| | - Raluca Eftimie
- Laboratoire Mathematiques de Besançon, UMR-CNRS 6623, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 16 Route de Gray, Besançon 25000, France
| | - Milan Milivojevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Serbia
| | - Stéphane P A Bordas
- Institute for Computational Engineering, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Bikmulina P, Kosheleva N, Shpichka A, Yusupov V, Gogvadze V, Rochev Y, Timashev P. Photobiomodulation in 3D tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220027VRR. [PMID: 36104833 PMCID: PMC9473299 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.9.090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The method of photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used in medicine for a long time to promote anti-inflammation and pain-resolving processes in different organs and tissues. PBM triggers numerous cellular pathways including stimulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, alteration of the cytoskeleton, cell death prevention, increasing proliferative activity, and directing cell differentiation. The most effective wavelengths for PBM are found within the optical window (750 to 1100 nm), in which light can permeate tissues and other water-containing structures to depths of up to a few cm. PBM already finds its applications in the developing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the diversity of three-dimensional (3D) systems, irradiation sources, and protocols intricate the PBM applications. AIM We aim to discuss the PBM and 3D tissue engineered constructs to define the fields of interest for PBM applications in tissue engineering. APPROACH First, we provide a brief overview of PBM and the timeline of its development. Then, we discuss the optical properties of 3D cultivation systems and important points of light dosimetry. Finally, we analyze the cellular pathways induced by PBM and outcomes observed in various 3D tissue-engineered constructs: hydrogels, scaffolds, spheroids, cell sheets, bioprinted structures, and organoids. RESULTS Our summarized results demonstrate the great potential of PBM in the stimulation of the cell survival and viability in 3D conditions. The strategies to achieve different cell physiology states with particular PBM parameters are outlined. CONCLUSIONS PBM has already proved itself as a convenient and effective tool to prevent drastic cellular events in the stress conditions. Because of the poor viability of cells in scaffolds and the convenience of PBM devices, 3D tissue engineering is a perspective field for PBM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Bikmulina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yusupov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Troitsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yury Rochev
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Timashev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Pajic-Lijakovic I, Milivojevic M, Clark AG. Collective Cell Migration on Collagen-I Networks: The Impact of Matrix Viscoelasticity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901026. [PMID: 35859899 PMCID: PMC9289519 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration on extracellular matrix (ECM) networks is a key biological process involved in development, tissue homeostasis and diseases such as metastatic cancer. During invasion of epithelial cancers, cell clusters migrate through the surrounding stroma, which is comprised primarily of networks of collagen-I fibers. There is growing evidence that the rheological and topological properties of collagen networks can impact cell behavior and cell migration dynamics. During migration, cells exert mechanical forces on their substrate, resulting in an active remodeling of ECM networks that depends not only on the forces produced, but also on the molecular mechanisms that dictate network rheology. One aspect of collagen network rheology whose role is emerging as a crucial parameter in dictating cell behavior is network viscoelasticity. Dynamic reorganization of ECM networks can induce local changes in network organization and mechanics, which can further feed back on cell migration dynamics and cell-cell rearrangement. A number of studies, including many recent publications, have investigated the mechanisms underlying structural changes to collagen networks in response to mechanical force as well as the role of collagen rheology and topology in regulating cell behavior. In this mini-review, we explore the cause-consequence relationship between collagen network viscoelasticity and cell rearrangements at various spatiotemporal scales. We focus on structural alterations of collagen-I networks during collective cell migration and discuss the main rheological parameters, and in particular the role of viscoelasticity, which can contribute to local matrix stiffening during cell movement and can elicit changes in cell dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milan Milivojevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrew G. Clark
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Center for Personalized Medicine, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Abuhattum S, Kotzbeck P, Schlüßler R, Harger A, Ariza de Schellenberger A, Kim K, Escolano JC, Müller T, Braun J, Wabitsch M, Tschöp M, Sack I, Brankatschk M, Guck J, Stemmer K, Taubenberger AV. Adipose cells and tissues soften with lipid accumulation while in diabetes adipose tissue stiffens. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10325. [PMID: 35725987 PMCID: PMC9209483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion involves both differentiation of new precursors and size increase of mature adipocytes. While the two processes are well balanced in healthy tissues, obesity and diabetes type II are associated with abnormally enlarged adipocytes and excess lipid accumulation. Previous studies suggested a link between cell stiffness, volume and stem cell differentiation, although in the context of preadipocytes, there have been contradictory results regarding stiffness changes with differentiation. Thus, we set out to quantitatively monitor adipocyte shape and size changes with differentiation and lipid accumulation. We quantified by optical diffraction tomography that differentiating preadipocytes increased their volumes drastically. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-indentation and -microrheology revealed that during the early phase of differentiation, human preadipocytes became more compliant and more fluid-like, concomitant with ROCK-mediated F-actin remodelling. Adipocytes that had accumulated large lipid droplets were more compliant, and further promoting lipid accumulation led to an even more compliant phenotype. In line with that, high fat diet-induced obesity was associated with more compliant adipose tissue compared to lean animals, both for drosophila fat bodies and murine gonadal adipose tissue. In contrast, adipose tissue of diabetic mice became significantly stiffer as shown not only by AFM but also magnetic resonance elastography. Altogether, we dissect relative contributions of the cytoskeleton and lipid droplets to cell and tissue mechanical changes across different functional states, such as differentiation, nutritional state and disease. Our work therefore sets the basis for future explorations on how tissue mechanical changes influence the behaviour of mechanosensitive tissue-resident cells in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shada Abuhattum
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum Für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum Für Gesundheit Und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Harger
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum Für Gesundheit Und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Ariza de Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum Für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joan-Carles Escolano
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum Für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torsten Müller
- JPK Instruments/Bruker, Colditzstr. 34-36, 12099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Eythstr. 24, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum Für Gesundheit Und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Brankatschk
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light and Max-Planck-Zentrum Für Physik Und Medizin, Staudtstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum Für Gesundheit Und Umwelt GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anna V Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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22
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The viscoelastic characteristics of in-vitro carotid plaque by Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative modeling. J Biomech 2022; 141:111210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Gradual Stress-Relaxation of Hydrogel Regulates Cell Spreading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095170. [PMID: 35563561 PMCID: PMC9100461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs), including elasticity and stress-relaxation, greatly influence the function and form of the residing cells. However, the effects of elasticity and stress-relaxation are often correlated, making the study of the effect of stress-relaxation on cellular behaviors difficult. Here, we designed a hybrid network hydrogel with a controllable stress-relaxation gradient and a constant elasticity. The hydrogel is crosslinked by covalent bonds and dynamic peptide-metal ion coordination interactions. The stress-relaxation gradient is controlled by spatially controlling the coordination and covalent crosslinker ratios. The different parts of the hydrogel exhibit distinct stress-relaxation amplitudes but the have same stress-relaxation timescale. Based on this hydrogel, we investigate the influence of hydrogel stress-relaxation on cell spreading. Our results show that the spreading of cells is suppressed at an increasing stress-relaxation amplitude with a fixed elasticity and stress-relaxation timescale. Our study provides a universal route to tune the stress-relaxation of hydrogels without changing their components and elasticity, which may be valuable for systematic investigations of the stress-relaxation gradient in cell cultures and organoid constructions.
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24
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Wang Y, Shi R, Zhai R, Yang S, Peng T, Zheng F, Shen Y, Li M, Li L. Matrix stiffness regulates macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106236. [PMID: 35483516 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and the pathological basis of many fatal cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages, the main inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaque, have a paradox role in disease progression. In response to different microenvironments, macrophages mainly have two polarized directions: pro-inflammatory macrophages and anti-inflammatory macrophages. More and more evidence shows that macrophage is mechanosensitive and matrix stiffness regulate macrophage phenotypes in atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanism of matrix stiffness regulating macrophage polarization still lacks in-depth research, which hinders the development of new anti-atherosclerotic therapies. In this review, we discuss the important role of matrix stiffness in regulating macrophage polarization through mechanical signal transduction (Hippo, Piezo, cytoskeleton, and integrin) and epigenetic mechanisms (miRNA, DNA methylation, and histone). We hope to provide a new perspective for atherosclerosis therapy by targeting matrix stiffness and macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruotong Shi
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ran Zhai
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shiyan Yang
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tianqi Peng
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fuwen Zheng
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - YanNan Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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25
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Wu DT, Jeffreys N, Diba M, Mooney DJ. Viscoelastic Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:289-300. [PMID: 35442107 PMCID: PMC9347380 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical properties regulate key cellular processes in tissue development and regeneration. The majority of scientific investigation has focused on ECM elasticity as the primary mechanical regulator of cell and tissue behavior. However, all living tissues are viscoelastic, exhibiting both solid- and liquid-like mechanical behavior. Despite increasing evidence regarding the role of ECM viscoelasticity in directing cellular behavior, this aspect is still largely overlooked in the design of biomaterials for tissue regeneration. Recently, with the emergence of various bottom-up material design strategies, new approaches can deliver unprecedented control over biomaterial properties at multiple length scales, thus enabling the design of viscoelastic biomaterials that mimic various aspect of the native tissue ECM microenvironment. This review describes key considerations for the design of viscoelastic biomaterials for tissue regeneration. We provide an overview of the role of matrix viscoelasticity in directing cell behavior towards regenerative outcomes, highlight recent strategies utilizing viscoelastic hydrogels for regenerative therapies, and outline remaining challenges, potential solutions, and emerging applications for viscoelastic biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tiansui Wu
- Harvard University John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 124077, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.,Harvard University Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 465574, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 124048, Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Nicholas Jeffreys
- Harvard University John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 124077, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.,Harvard University Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 465574, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Mani Diba
- Harvard University John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 124077, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - David J Mooney
- Harvard University John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 124077, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.,Harvard University Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 465574, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
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26
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Carvalho EM, Kumar S. Lose the stress: Viscoelastic materials for cell engineering. Acta Biomater 2022; 163:146-157. [PMID: 35405329 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are widely used to study and control a variety of cell behaviors, including stem cell differentiation, organogenesis, and tumor invasion. While considerable attention has historically been paid to biomaterial elastic (storage) properties, it has recently become clear that viscous (loss) properties can also powerfully influence cell behavior. Here we review advances in viscoelastic materials for cell engineering. We begin by discussing collagen, an abundant naturally occurring biomaterial that derives its viscoelastic properties from its fibrillar architecture, which enables dissipation of applied stresses. We then turn to two other naturally occurring biomaterials that are more frequently modified for engineering applications, alginate and hyaluronic acid, whose viscoelastic properties may be tuned by modulating network composition and crosslinking. We also discuss the potential of exploiting engineered fibrous materials, particularly electrospun fiber-based materials, to control viscoelastic properties. Finally, we review mechanisms through which cells process viscous and viscoelastic cues as they move along and within these materials. The ability of viscoelastic materials to relax cell-imposed stresses can dramatically alter migration on two-dimensional surfaces and confinement-imposed barriers to engraftment and infiltration in three-dimensional scaffolds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Most tissues and many biomaterials exhibit some viscous character, a property that is increasingly understood to influence cell behavior in profound ways. This review discusses the origin and significance of viscoelastic properties of common biomaterials, as well as how these cues are processed by cells to influence migration. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of viscoelastic behavior in biomaterials and how cells interpret these inputs should aid the design and selection of biomaterials for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Carvalho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; San Francisco Graduate, Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley-University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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27
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Patteson AE, Asp ME, Janmey PA. Materials science and mechanosensitivity of living matter. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 9:011320. [PMID: 35392267 PMCID: PMC8969880 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Living systems are composed of molecules that are synthesized by cells that use energy sources within their surroundings to create fascinating materials that have mechanical properties optimized for their biological function. Their functionality is a ubiquitous aspect of our lives. We use wood to construct furniture, bacterial colonies to modify the texture of dairy products and other foods, intestines as violin strings, bladders in bagpipes, and so on. The mechanical properties of these biological materials differ from those of other simpler synthetic elastomers, glasses, and crystals. Reproducing their mechanical properties synthetically or from first principles is still often unattainable. The challenge is that biomaterials often exist far from equilibrium, either in a kinetically arrested state or in an energy consuming active state that is not yet possible to reproduce de novo. Also, the design principles that form biological materials often result in nonlinear responses of stress to strain, or force to displacement, and theoretical models to explain these nonlinear effects are in relatively early stages of development compared to the predictive models for rubberlike elastomers or metals. In this Review, we summarize some of the most common and striking mechanical features of biological materials and make comparisons among animal, plant, fungal, and bacterial systems. We also summarize some of the mechanisms by which living systems develop forces that shape biological matter and examine newly discovered mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to the forces they generate themselves, which are resisted by their environment, or that are exerted upon them by their environment. Within this framework, we discuss examples of how physical methods are being applied to cell biology and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, 13244, USA
| | - Merrill E. Asp
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, 13244, USA
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering and Departments of Physiology and Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, 19104, USA
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28
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Sauer F, Fritsch A, Grosser S, Pawlizak S, Kießling T, Reiss-Zimmermann M, Shahryari M, Müller WC, Hoffmann KT, Käs JA, Sack I. Whole tissue and single cell mechanics are correlated in human brain tumors. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10744-10752. [PMID: 34787626 PMCID: PMC9386686 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01291f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical changes are critical for cancer progression. However, the relationship between the rheology of single cells measured ex-vivo and the living tumor is not yet understood. Here, we combined single-cell rheology of cells isolated from primary tumors with in vivo bulk tumor rheology in patients with brain tumors. Eight brain tumors (3 glioblastoma, 3 meningioma, 1 astrocytoma, 1 metastasis) were investigated in vivo by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and after surgery by the optical stretcher (OS). MRE was performed in a 3-Tesla clinical MRI scanner and magnitude modulus |G*|, loss angle φ, storage modulus G', and loss modulus G'' were derived. OS experiments measured cellular creep deformation in response to laser-induced step stresses. We used a Kelvin-Voigt model to deduce two parameters related to cellular stiffness (μKV) and cellular viscosity (ηKV) from OS measurements in a time regimen that overlaps with that of MRE. We found that single-cell μKV was correlated with |G*| (R = 0.962, p < 0.001) and G'' (R = 0.883, p = 0.004) but not G' of the bulk tissue. These results suggest that single-cell stiffness affects tissue viscosity in brain tumors. The observation that viscosity parameters of individual cells and bulk tissue were not correlated suggests that collective mechanical interactions (i.e. emergent effects or cellular unjamming) of many cancer cells, which depend on cellular stiffness, influence the mechanical dissipation behavior of the bulk tissue. Our results are important to understand the emergent rheology of active multiscale compound materials such as brain tumors and its role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Sauer
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anatol Fritsch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Grosser
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steve Pawlizak
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Kießling
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Mehrgan Shahryari
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wolf C Müller
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Neuropathology, Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Josef A Käs
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Jordan JEL, Bertalan G, Meyer T, Tzschätzsch H, Gauert A, Bramè L, Herthum H, Safraou Y, Schröder L, Braun J, Hagemann AIH, Sack I. Microscopic multifrequency MR elastography for mapping viscoelasticity in zebrafish. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1435-1445. [PMID: 34752638 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become an important animal model in a wide range of biomedical research disciplines. Growing awareness of the role of biomechanical properties in tumor progression and neuronal development has led to an increasing interest in the noninvasive mapping of the viscoelastic properties of zebrafish by elastography methods applicable to bulky and nontranslucent tissues. METHODS Microscopic multifrequency MR elastography is introduced for mapping shear wave speed (SWS) and loss angle (φ) as markers of stiffness and viscosity of muscle, brain, and neuroblastoma tumors in postmortem zebrafish with 60 µm in-plane resolution. Experiments were performed in a 7 Tesla MR scanner at 1, 1.2, and 1.4 kHz driving frequencies. RESULTS Detailed zebrafish viscoelasticity maps revealed that the midbrain region (SWS = 3.1 ± 0.7 m/s, φ = 1.2 ± 0.3 radian [rad]) was stiffer and less viscous than telencephalon (SWS = 2.6 ± 0. 5 m/s, φ = 1.4 ± 0.2 rad) and optic tectum (SWS = 2.6 ± 0.5 m/s, φ = 1.3 ± 0.4 rad), whereas the cerebellum (SWS = 2.9 ± 0.6 m/s, φ = 0.9 ± 0.4 rad) was stiffer but less viscous than both (all p < .05). Overall, brain tissue (SWS = 2.9 ± 0.4 m/s, φ = 1.2 ± 0.2 rad) had similar stiffness but lower viscosity values than muscle tissue (SWS = 2.9 ± 0.5 m/s, φ = 1.4 ± 0.2 rad), whereas neuroblastoma (SWS = 2.4 ± 0.3 m/s, φ = 0.7 ± 0.1 rad, all p < .05) was the softest and least viscous tissue. CONCLUSION Microscopic multifrequency MR elastography-generated maps of zebrafish show many details of viscoelasticity and resolve tissue regions, of great interest in neuromechanical and oncological research and for which our study provides first reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gergely Bertalan
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Meyer
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Tzschätzsch
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Gauert
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Bramè
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helge Herthum
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yasmine Safraou
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja I H Hagemann
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Garczyńska K, Tzschätzsch H, Assili S, Kühl AA, Häckel A, Schellenberger E, Berndt N, Holzhütter HG, Braun J, Sack I, Guo J. Effect of Post-mortem Interval and Perfusion on the Biophysical Properties of ex vivo Liver Tissue Investigated Longitudinally by MRE and DWI. Front Physiol 2021; 12:696304. [PMID: 34413787 PMCID: PMC8369239 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.696304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural changes of soft tissues on the cellular level can be characterized by histopathology, but not longitudinally in the same tissue. Alterations of cellular structures and tissue matrix are associated with changes in biophysical properties which can be monitored longitudinally by quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). In this work, DWI and MRE examinations were performed in a 0.5-Tesla compact scanner to investigate longitudinal changes in water diffusivity, stiffness and viscosity of ex-vivo rat livers for up to 20 h post-mortem (pm). The effect of blood on biophysical parameters was examined in 13 non-perfused livers (containing blood, NPLs) and 14 perfused livers (blood washed out, PLs). Changes in cell shape, cell packing and cell wall integrity were characterized histologically. In all acquisitions, NPLs presented with higher shear-wave speed (c), higher shear-wave penetration rate (a) and smaller apparent-diffusion-coefficients (ADCs) than PL. Time-resolved analysis revealed three distinct phases: (i) an initial phase (up to 2 h pm) with markedly increased c and a and reduced ADCs; (ii) an extended phase with relatively stable values; and (iii) a degradation phase characterized by significant increases in a (10 h pm in NPLs and PLs) and ADCs (10 h pm in NPLs, 13 h pm in PLs). Histology revealed changes in cell shape and packing along with decreased cell wall integrity, indicating tissue degradation in NPLs and PLs 10 h pm. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the biophysical properties of fresh liver tissue rapidly change within 2 h pm, which seems to be an effect of both cytotoxic edema and vascular blood content. Several hours later, disruption of cell walls resulted in higher water diffusivity and wave penetration. These results reveal the individual contributions of vascular components and cellular integrity to liver elastography and provide a biophysical, imaging-based fingerprint of liver tissue degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Garczyńska
- Department of Radiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Tzschätzsch
- Department of Radiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sanam Assili
- Department of Radiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin - Core Unit of Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akvile Häckel
- Department of Radiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eyk Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Computational Systems Biochemistry Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Computational Systems Biochemistry Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Schussler O, Chachques JC, Alifano M, Lecarpentier Y. Key Roles of RGD-Recognizing Integrins During Cardiac Development, on Cardiac Cells, and After Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:179-203. [PMID: 34342855 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through integrin mechanoreceptors that control many cellular events such as cell survival, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Integrins play a crucial role in cardiac development as well as in cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Integrins recognize oligopeptides present on ECM proteins and are involved in three main types of interaction, namely with collagen, laminin, and the oligopeptide RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) present on vitronectin and fibronectin proteins. To date, the specific role of integrins recognizing the RGD has not been addressed. In this review, we examine their role during cardiac development, their role on cardiac cells, and their upregulation during pathological processes such as heart fibrosis and hypertrophy. We also examine their role in regenerative and angiogenic processes after myocardial infarction (MI) in the peri-infarct area. Specific targeting of these integrins may be a way of controlling some of these pathological events and thereby improving medical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Schussler
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Juan C Chachques
- Department of Cardiac Surgery Pompidou Hospital, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation, University Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1138 Team "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", Cordeliers Research Center, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien, Meaux, France
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32
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Tomoelastography for Measurement of Tumor Volume Related to Tissue Stiffness in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas. Invest Radiol 2021; 55:769-774. [PMID: 32796197 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimations of tumor volume and boundary in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are crucial for surgery planning. The aim of the study is to evaluate tomoelastography for detection of PDAC and quantification of PDAC volume based on tissue stiffness. MATERIALS AND METHODS From March 2018 to December 2019, a total of 102 participants (30 healthy participants and 72 patients with histologically proven PDAC) were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter study. Multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography was combined with tomoelastography postprocessing to generate maps of shear wave speed (SWS) depicting highly resolved anatomical details of tissue stiffness. Subregional analysis of pancreatic head, body, and tail and reproducibility tests were performed in healthy participants, whereas tumorous (PDAC-T) and nontumorous (PDAC-NT) pancreatic tissue analysis was conducted in patients. In all patients, tumor volumes measured by computed tomography (CT) were compared with SWS-derived volumes. In addition, in 32 patients, tumor sizes were evaluated by macroscopy after resection. RESULTS Tumor volumes were quantified in 99% and 87% of all cases with tomoelastography and CT, respectively. Pancreatic SWS was highly reproducible (repeatability coefficient = 0.12) and did not vary regionally or with patient age, sex, or body mass index (all P > 0.08). Shear wave speed was higher in PDAC-T (2.08 ± 0.38 m/s) than in healthy (1.25 ± 0.09 m/s; P < 0.001) and PDAC-NT (1.28 ± 0.14 m/s; P < 0.001) participants. A threshold of 1.47 m/s separated PDAC-T from healthy volunteers (area under the curve = 1.0, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 100%), while 1.49 m/s separated PDAC-T from PDAC-NT with high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.99, sensitivity = 90%, specificity = 100%). Tomoelastography-derived tumor volume correlated with CT volume (r = 0.91, P < 0.001) and ex vivo tumor volume (r = 0.66, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Tomoelastography provides a quantitative imaging marker for tissue stiffness depicting PDAC boundaries and separates PDAC from unaffected pancreatic tissue.
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33
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Chatterjee A, Saghian R, Dorogin A, Cahill LS, Sled JG, Lye S, Shynlova O. Combination of histochemical analyses and micro-MRI reveals regional changes of the murine cervix in preparation for labor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4903. [PMID: 33649420 PMCID: PMC7921561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The cervix is responsible for maintaining pregnancy, and its timely remodeling is essential for the proper delivery of a baby. Cervical insufficiency, or "weakness", may lead to preterm birth, which causes infant morbidities and mortalities worldwide. We used a mouse model of pregnancy and term labor, to examine the cervical structure by histology (Masson Trichome and Picrosirius Red staining), immunohistochemistry (Hyaluronic Acid Binding Protein/HABP), and ex-vivo MRI (T2-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging), focusing on two regions of the cervix (i.e., endocervix and ectocervix). Our results show that mouse endocervix has a higher proportion of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers per area, with more compact tissue structure, than the ectocervix. With advanced gestation, endocervical changes, indicative of impending delivery, are manifested in fewer smooth muscle cells, expansion of the extracellular space, and lower presence of collagen fibers. MRI detected three distinctive zones in pregnant mouse endocervix: (1) inner collagenous layer, (2) middle circular muscular layer, and (3) outer longitudinal muscular layer. Diffusion MRI images detected changes in tissue organization as gestation progressed suggesting the potential application of this technique to non-invasively monitor cervical changes that precede the onset of labor in women at risk for preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Chatterjee
- Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rojan Saghian
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Dorogin
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Cahill
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Oksana Shynlova
- Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Sinai Health System, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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34
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Herthum H, Dempsey SCH, Samani A, Schrank F, Shahryari M, Warmuth C, Tzschätzsch H, Braun J, Sack I. Superviscous properties of the in vivo brain at large scales. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:393-404. [PMID: 33326885 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is growing awareness that brain mechanical properties are important for neural development and health. However, published values of brain stiffness differ by orders of magnitude between static measurements and in vivo magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), which covers a dynamic range over several frequency decades. We here show that there is no fundamental disparity between static mechanical tests and in vivo MRE when considering large-scale properties, which encompass the entire brain including fluid filled compartments. Using gradient echo real-time MRE, we investigated the viscoelastic dispersion of the human brain in, so far, unexplored dynamic ranges from intrinsic brain pulsations at 1 Hz to ultralow-frequency vibrations at 5, 6.25, 7.8 and 10 Hz to the normal frequency range of MRE of 40 Hz. Surprisingly, we observed variations in brain stiffness over more than two orders of magnitude, suggesting that the in vivo human brain is superviscous on large scales with very low shear modulus of 42±13 Pa and relatively high viscosity of 6.6±0.3 Pa∙s according to the two-parameter solid model. Our data shed light on the crucial role of fluid compartments including blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for whole brain properties and provide, for the first time, an explanation for the variability of the mechanical brain responses to manual palpation, local indentation, and high-dynamic tissue stimulation as used in elastography.
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35
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Garczyńska K, Tzschätzsch H, Kühl AA, Morr AS, Lilaj L, Häckel A, Schellenberger E, Berndt N, Holzhütter HG, Braun J, Sack I, Guo J. Changes in Liver Mechanical Properties and Water Diffusivity During Normal Pregnancy Are Driven by Cellular Hypertrophy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:605205. [PMID: 33329058 PMCID: PMC7719759 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.605205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the body’s hyperestrogenic state alters hepatic metabolism and synthesis. While biochemical changes related to liver function during normal pregnancy are well understood, pregnancy-associated alterations in biophysical properties of the liver remain elusive. In this study, we investigated 26 ex vivo fresh liver specimens harvested from pregnant and non-pregnant rats by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in a 0.5-Tesla compact magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Water diffusivity and viscoelastic parameters were compared with histological data and blood markers. We found livers from pregnant rats to have (i) significantly enlarged hepatocytes (26 ± 15%, p < 0.001), (ii) increased liver stiffness (12 ± 15%, p = 0.012), (iii) decreased viscosity (−23 ± 14%, p < 0.001), and (iv) increased water diffusivity (12 ± 11%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, increased stiffness and reduced viscosity of the liver during pregnancy are mainly attributable to hepatocyte enlargement. Hypertrophy of liver cells imposes fewer restrictions on intracellular water mobility, resulting in a higher hepatic water diffusion coefficient. Collectively, MRE and DWI have the potential to inform on structural liver changes associated with pregnancy in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Garczyńska
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Tzschätzsch
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin Core Unit, Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Sophie Morr
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ledia Lilaj
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akvile Häckel
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eyk Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Institute for Imaging Science and Computational Modelling in Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Computational Systems Biochemistry Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Computational Systems Biochemistry Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Braun
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Hayn A, Fischer T, Mierke CT. Inhomogeneities in 3D Collagen Matrices Impact Matrix Mechanics and Cancer Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593879. [PMID: 33251219 PMCID: PMC7674772 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility under physiological and pathological conditions including malignant progression of cancer and subsequent metastasis are founded on environmental confinements. During the last two decades, three-dimensional cell migration has been studied mostly by utilizing biomimetic extracellular matrix models. In the majority of these studies, the in vitro collagen scaffolds are usually assumed to be homogenous, as they consist commonly of one specific type of collagen, such as collagen type I, isolated from one species. These collagen matrices should resemble in vivo extracellular matrix scaffolds physiologically, however, mechanical phenotype and functional reliability have been addressed poorly due to certain limitations based on the assumption of homogeneity. How local variations of extracellular matrix structure impact matrix mechanics and cell migration is largely unknown. Here, we hypothesize that local inhomogeneities alter cell movement due to alterations in matrix mechanics, as they frequently occur in in vivo tissue scaffolds and were even changed in diseased tissues. To analyze the effect of structural inhomogeneities on cell migration, we used a mixture of rat tail and bovine dermal collagen type I as well as pure rat and pure bovine collagens at four different concentrations to assess three-dimensional scaffold inhomogeneities. Collagen type I from rat self-assembled to elongated fibrils, whereas bovine collagen tended to build node-shaped inhomogeneous scaffolds. We have shown that the elastic modulus determined with atomic force microscopy in combination with pore size analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed distinct inhomogeneities within collagen matrices. We hypothesized that elastic modulus and pore size govern cancer cell invasion in three-dimensional collagen matrices. In fact, invasiveness of three breast cancer cell types is altered due to matrix-type and concentration indicating that these two factors are crucial for cellular invasiveness. Our findings revealed that local matrix scaffold inhomogeneity is another crucial parameter to explain differences in cell migration, which not solely depended on pore size and stiffness of the collagen matrices. With these three distinct biophysical parameters, characterizing structure and mechanics of the studied collagen matrices, we were able to explain differences in the invasion behavior of the studied cancer cell lines in dependence of the used collagen model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hayn
- Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Fischer
- Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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37
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Maxian O, Mogilner A, Strychalski W. Computational estimates of mechanical constraints on cell migration through the extracellular matrix. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008160. [PMID: 32853248 PMCID: PMC7480866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration through a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) underlies important physiological phenomena and is based on a variety of mechanical strategies depending on the cell type and the properties of the ECM. By using computer simulations of the cell’s mid-plane, we investigate two such migration mechanisms—‘push-pull’ (forming a finger-like protrusion, adhering to an ECM node, and pulling the cell body forward) and ‘rear-squeezing’ (pushing the cell body through the ECM by contracting the cell cortex and ECM at the cell rear). We present a computational model that accounts for both elastic deformation and forces of the ECM, an active cell cortex and nucleus, and for hydrodynamic forces and flow of the extracellular fluid, cytoplasm, and nucleoplasm. We find that relations between three mechanical parameters—the cortex’s contractile force, nuclear elasticity, and ECM rigidity—determine the effectiveness of cell migration through the dense ECM. The cell can migrate persistently even if its cortical contraction cannot deform a near-rigid ECM, but then the contraction of the cortex has to be able to sufficiently deform the nucleus. The cell can also migrate even if it fails to deform a stiff nucleus, but then it has to be able to sufficiently deform the ECM. Simulation results show that nuclear stiffness limits the cell migration more than the ECM rigidity. Simulations show the rear-squeezing mechanism of motility results in more robust migration with larger cell displacements than those with the push-pull mechanism over a range of parameter values. Additionally, results show that the rear-squeezing mechanism is aided by hydrodynamics through a pressure gradient. Computational simulations of two different mechanisms of 3D cell migration in an extracellular matrix are presented. One mechanism represents a mesenchymal mode, characterized by finger-like actin protrusions, while the second mode is more amoeboid in that rear contraction of the cortex propels the cell forward. In both mechanisms, the cell generates a thin actin protrusion on the cortex that attaches to an ECM node. The cell is then either pulled (mesenchymal) or pushed (amoeboid) forward. Results show both mechanisms result in successful migration over a range of simulated parameter values as long as the contractile tension of the cortex exceeds either the nuclear stiffness or ECM stiffness, but not necessarily both. However, the distance traveled by the amoeboid migration mode is more robust to changes in parameter values, and is larger than in simulations of the mesenchymal mode. Additionally, cells experience a favorable fluid pressure gradient when migrating in the amoeboid mode, and an adverse fluid pressure gradient in the mesenchymal mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Maxian
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alex Mogilner
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wanda Strychalski
- Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Effects of extracellular matrix viscoelasticity on cellular behaviour. Nature 2020; 584:535-546. [PMID: 32848221 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 991] [Impact Index Per Article: 247.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Substantial research over the past two decades has established that extracellular matrix (ECM) elasticity, or stiffness, affects fundamental cellular processes, including spreading, growth, proliferation, migration, differentiation and organoid formation. Linearly elastic polyacrylamide hydrogels and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers coated with ECM proteins are widely used to assess the role of stiffness, and results from such experiments are often assumed to reproduce the effect of the mechanical environment experienced by cells in vivo. However, tissues and ECMs are not linearly elastic materials-they exhibit far more complex mechanical behaviours, including viscoelasticity (a time-dependent response to loading or deformation), as well as mechanical plasticity and nonlinear elasticity. Here we review the complex mechanical behaviours of tissues and ECMs, discuss the effect of ECM viscoelasticity on cells, and describe the potential use of viscoelastic biomaterials in regenerative medicine. Recent work has revealed that matrix viscoelasticity regulates these same fundamental cell processes, and can promote behaviours that are not observed with elastic hydrogels in both two- and three-dimensional culture microenvironments. These findings have provided insights into cell-matrix interactions and how these interactions differentially modulate mechano-sensitive molecular pathways in cells. Moreover, these results suggest design guidelines for the next generation of biomaterials, with the goal of matching tissue and ECM mechanics for in vitro tissue models and applications in regenerative medicine.
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39
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Aermes C, Hayn A, Fischer T, Mierke CT. Environmentally controlled magnetic nano-tweezer for living cells and extracellular matrices. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13453. [PMID: 32778758 PMCID: PMC7417586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnetic tweezer technique has become a versatile tool for unfolding or folding of individual molecules, mainly DNA. In addition to single molecule analysis, the magnetic tweezer can be used to analyze the mechanical properties of cells and extracellular matrices. We have established a magnetic tweezer that is capable of measuring the linear and non-linear viscoelastic behavior of a wide range of soft matter in precisely controlled environmental conditions, such as temperature, CO2 and humidity. The magnetic tweezer presented in this study is suitable to detect specific differences in the mechanical properties of different cell lines, such as human breast cancer cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, as well as collagen matrices of distinct concentrations in the presence and absence of fibronectin crosslinks. The precise calibration and control mechanism employed in the presented magnetic tweezer setup provides the ability to apply physiological force up to 5 nN on 4.5 µm superparamagnetic beads coated with fibronectin and coupled to the cells or collagen matrices. These measurements reveal specific local linear and non-linear viscoelastic behavior of the investigated samples. The viscoelastic response of cells and collagen matrices to the force application is best described by a weak power law behavior. Our results demonstrate that the stress stiffening response and the fluidization of cells is cell type specific and varies largely between differently invasive and aggressive cancer cells. Finally, we showed that the viscoelastic behavior of collagen matrices with and without fibronectin crosslinks measured by the magnetic tweezer can be related to the microstructure of these matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Aermes
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Hayn
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tony Fischer
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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40
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Schnauß J, Schmidt BUS, Brazel CB, Dogan S, Losert W, Anderegg U, Käs JA. Influence of hyaluronic acid binding on the actin cortex measured by optical forces. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960215. [PMID: 32246559 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma cells are often surrounded by hyaluronic acid (HA) rich environments, which are considered to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Induced effects in compound materials consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix have been studied, however, alterations of the single cells have never been addressed. Here, we explicitly addressed single cell properties and measured HA-induced biomechanical changes via deformations induced solely by optical forces. With the optical stretcher setup, cells were deformed after culturing them in either the presence or absence of HA revealing the crucial interplay of HA with the CD44 receptor. To assess the role of CD44 in transducing effects of HA, we compared a CD44 expressing variant of the melanoma cell line RPM-MC to its natural CD44-negative counterpart. Our measurements revealed a significant stiffness change, which we attribute to changes of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schnauß
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B U Sebastian Schmidt
- University of Maryland, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Physical Sciences Complex, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Christina B Brazel
- Department of Dermatology, Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Senol Dogan
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- University of Maryland, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Physical Sciences Complex, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef A Käs
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig, Germany
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Tian Z, Shen L, Liu W, Li G. Construction of collagen gel with high viscoelasticity and thermal stability via combining cross-linking and dehydration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1934-1943. [PMID: 32319162 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Collagen gel is widely used in tissue engineering due to excellent biological properties and swollen three-dimensional network structure. To improve viscoelasticity and thermal stability, collagen gels consisting of fibrils were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and sequentially dehydrated via ethanol or heating (named as EGC or HGC, respectively). For EGC, ethanol replaced free and loosely bound water and then combined with tightly bound water, inducing the increase in hydrogen bonds and molecular interactions. Therefore, the thermal transition temperature (Tt ) and storage modulus (G') obviously increased from 47.3 ± 0.5°C and 0.1 kPa to 92.7 ± 0.8°C and 7.8 kPa, respectively. Unfortunately, the high deformation (γ > 60%) and low recovery percentage (R < 15%) reflected the poor anti-deformation of gels due to the volatility of ethanol. For HGC, the entanglement and rigidity of fibrils increased owing to the contraction of cross-linked fibrils and cohesive action of denatured collagen. As a result, HGC were more resistant to deformation and exhibited more elasticity than native collagen gel, accompanied by the fact that G' and R increased to 28.8 kPa and 90.0% ± 0.7%. Additionally, HGC exhibited higher Tt (121.4 ± 0.5°C) due to lower water content and higher collagen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China.,College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Lirui Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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42
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Everwien H, Ariza de Schellenberger A, Haep N, Tzschätzsch H, Pratschke J, Sauer IM, Braun J, Hillebrandt KH, Sack I. Magnetic resonance elastography quantification of the solid-to-fluid transition of liver tissue due to decellularization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fiber stiffness, pore size and adhesion control migratory phenotype of MDA-MB-231 cells in collagen gels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225215. [PMID: 31721794 PMCID: PMC6853323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration is influenced by cellular phenotype and behavior as well as by the mechanical and chemical properties of the environment. Furthermore, many cancer cells show plasticity of their phenotype and adapt it to the properties of the environment. Here, we study the influence of fiber stiffness, confinement, and adhesion properties on cancer cell migration in porous collagen gels. Collagen gels with soft fibers abrogate migration and promote a round, non-invasive phenotype. Stiffer collagen fibers are inherently more adhesive and lead to the existence of an adhesive phenotype and in general confined migration due to adhesion. Addition of TGF-β lowers adhesion, eliminates the adhesive phenotype and increases the amount of highly motile amoeboid phenotypes. Highest migration speeds and longest displacements are achieved in stiff collagen fibers in pores of about cell size by amoeboid phenotypes. This elucidates the influence of the mechanical properties of collagen gels on phenotype and subsequently migration and shows that stiff fibers, cell sized pores, and low adhesion, are optimal conditions for an amoeboid phenotype and efficient migration.
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Hoffmann GA, Wong JY, Smith ML. On Force and Form: Mechano-Biochemical Regulation of Extracellular Matrix. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4710-4720. [PMID: 31144496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is well-known for its structural role in supporting cells and tissues, and its important biochemical role in providing signals to cells has increasingly become apparent. These structural and biochemical roles are closely coupled through mechanical forces: the biochemistry of the extracellular matrix determines its mechanical properties, mechanical forces control release or display of biochemical signals from the extracellular matrix, and the mechanical properties of the matrix in turn influence the mechanical set point at which signals are sent. In this Perspective, we explain how the extracellular matrix is regulated by strain and mechanical forces. We show the impact of biochemistry and mechanical forces on in vivo assembly of extracellular matrix and illustrate how matrix can be generated in vitro using a variety of methods. We cover how the matrix can be characterized in terms of mechanics, composition, and conformation to determine its properties and to predict interactions. Finally, we explore how extracellular matrix remodeling, ligand binding, and hemostasis are regulated by mechanical forces. These recently discovered mechano-biochemical interactions have important functions in wound healing and disease progression. It is likely that mechanically altered extracellular matrix interactions are a commonly recurring theme, but due to limited tools to generate extracellular matrix fibers in vitro and lack of high-throughput methods to detect these interactions, it is hypothesized that many of these interactions have yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Joyce Y Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Michael L Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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