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Mousavi SM, Kalashgrani MY, Javanmardi N, Riazi M, Akmal MH, Rahmanian V, Gholami A, Chiang WH. Recent breakthroughs in graphene quantum dot-enhanced sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7041-7062. [PMID: 38946657 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have recently exhibited considerable potential for diverse biomedical applications owing to their exceptional optical and chemical properties. However, the pronounced heterogeneity in the composition, size, and morphology of GQDs poses challenges for a comprehensive understanding of the intricate correlation between their structural attributes and functional properties. This variability also introduces complexities in scaling the production processes and addressing safety considerations. Light and sound have firmly established their role in clinical applications as pivotal energy sources for minimally invasive therapeutic interventions. Given the limited penetration depth of light, photodynamic therapy (PDT) predominantly targets superficial conditions such as dermatological disorders, head and neck malignancies, ocular ailments, and early-stage esophageal cancer. Conversely, ultrasound-based sonodynamic therapy (SDT) capitalizes on its superior ability to propagate and focus ultrasound within biological tissues, enabling a diverse range of therapeutic applications, including the management of gliomas, breast cancer, hematological tumors, and modulation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Considering the advancements in theranostic and precision therapies, reevaluating these conventional energy sources and their associated sensitizers is imperative. This review introduces three prevalent treatment modalities that harness light and sound stimuli: PDT, SDT, and a synergistic approach that integrates PDT and SDT. This study delineated the therapeutic dynamics and contemporary designs of sensitizers tailored to these modalities. By exploring the historical context of the field and elucidating the latest design strategies, this review underscores the pivotal role of GQDs in propelling the evolution of PDT and SDT. This aspires to stimulate researchers to develop "multimodal" therapies integrating both light and sound stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | | | - Negar Javanmardi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mohsen Riazi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Hussnain Akmal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Drummondville, Quebec, J2C 0R5, Canada.
- Centre national intégré du manufacturier intelligent (CNIMI), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Drummondville, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
- Sustainable Electrochemical Energy Development (SEED) Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
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2
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Khan H. In situ nitrogen-doped graphene-TiO 2 nano-hybrid as an efficient photocatalyst for pollutant degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:45383-45398. [PMID: 38963620 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
To solve environmental-related issues (wastewater remediation, energy conservation and air purification) caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization, synthesis of novel and modified nanostructured photocatalyst has received increasing attention in recent years. We herein report the facile synthesis of in situ nitrogen-doped chemically anchored TiO2 with graphene through sol-gel method. The structural analysis using X-ray diffraction showed that the crystalline nitrogen-doped graphene-titanium dioxide (N-GT) nanocomposite is mainly composed of anatase with minor brookite phase. Raman spectroscopy revealed the graphene characteristic band presence at low intensity level in addition to the main bands of anatase TiO2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis disclosed the chemical bonding of TiO2 with graphene via Ti-O-C linkage, also the substitution of nitrogen dopant in both TiO2 lattice and into the skeleton of graphene nanoflakes. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy analysis established that the modified material can efficiently absorb the longer wavelength range photons due to its narrowed band gap. The N0.06-GT material showed the highest degradation efficiency over methylene blue (MB, ∼98%) under UV and sulfamethoxazole (SMX, ∼ 90.0%) under visible light irradiation. The increased activity of the composite is credited to the synergistic effect of high surface area via greater adsorption capacity, narrowed band gap via increased photon absorption, and reduced e-/h+ recombination via good electron acceptability of graphene nanoflakes and defect sites (Ti3+ and oxygen vacancy (Vo)). The ROS experiments further depict that primarily hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and superoxide anions (O2•-) are responsible for the pollutant degradation in the process redox reactions. In summary, our findings specify new insight into the fabrication of this new material whose efficiency can be further tested in applications like H2 production, CO2 conversion to value-added products, and in energy conservation and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B2, Canada.
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Parambil AM, Rajan S, Huang PC, Shashikumar U, Tsai PC, Rajamani P, Lin YC, Ponnusamy VK. Carbon and graphene quantum dots based architectonics for efficient aqueous decontamination by adsorption chromatography technique - Current state and prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118541. [PMID: 38417656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems and potable water are being exploited and depleted due to urbanization and the encouragement of extensive industrialization, which induces the scarcity of pure water. However, current decontamination methods are limited and inefficient. Various innovative remediation strategies with novel nanomaterials have recently been demonstrated for wastewater treatment. Carbon dots (C-dots) and graphene quantum dots (GQ-dots) are the most recent frontiers in carbon nanomaterial-based adsorption studies. C-dots are extremely small (1-10 nm) quasi-spherical carbon nanoparticles (mostly sp3 hybridized carbon), whereas GQ-dots are fragments of graphene (1-20 nm) composed of primarily sp2 hybridized carbon. This article highlights the function of C-dots and GQ-dots with their specifications and characteristics for the efficient removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in water via adsorption chromatography. The alteration of adsorption attributes with the hybrid blending of these dots has been critically analyzed. Moreover, various top-down and bottom-up approaches for synthesizing C-dots and GQ-dots, which ultimately affect their morphology and structure, are described in detail. Finally, we review the research deficit in the adsorption of diverse pollutants, fabrication challenges, low molecular weight, self-agglomeration, and the future of the dots by providing research prospects and selectivity and sensitivity perspectives, the importance of post-adsorption optimization strategies and the path toward scalability at the tail of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Manayil Parambil
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shijin Rajan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Uday Shashikumar
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067.
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan.
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Khan R, Qureshi A, Azhar M, Hassan ZU, Gul S, Ahmad S. Recent Progress of Fluorescent Carbon Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots for Biosensors: Synthesis of Solution Methods and their Medical Applications. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03809-3. [PMID: 38869710 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In the fields of health and biology, fluorescent nanomaterials have emerged as highly potential and very useful candidates for use in biosensor applications. These typical highly powerful nanomaterials are carbon dots (CDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) among many other metallic nanomaterials. In the context of medical biosensors, this review article investigates the techniques of synthesis, and many uses of these nanomaterials, the obstacles that they face, and the potential for their future. We cover the significance of fluorescent nanomaterials, their use in the medical field, as well as the several techniques of synthesis for CDs and GQDs, including ultrasonication, hydrothermal, electrochemical method, surface modification, and solvothermal. In addition, we also discuss their biomedical applications, which include biomolecule detection, disease diagnosis and examine the obstacles and prospective possibilities for development of ultra-bright, ultra-sensitive, and selective biosensors for use in in-vivo research.Fluorescent carbon dots and graphene quantum dots is synthesized by using several types of raw material and methods. These Carbon dots and graphene quantum dots are used in the medical field includes detection of biomaterials, detection of cancer, virus and mutation in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Manshera, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Amina Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Manshera, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Manshera, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Manshera, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Manshera, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Government Postgraduate College, Manshera, 21300, Pakistan.
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Matei (Brazdis) RI, Baroi AM, Fistos T, Fierascu I, Grapin M, Raditoiu V, Raduly FM, Nicolae CA, Fierascu RC. Clam Shell-Derived Hydroxyapatite: A Green Approach for the Photocatalytic Degradation of a Model Pollutant from the Textile Industry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2492. [PMID: 38893756 PMCID: PMC11172594 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the potential use of natural wastes (in particular, clam shells) to synthesize one of the most well-known and versatile materials from the phosphate mineral group, hydroxyapatite (HAP). The obtained material was characterized in terms of morphology and composition using several analytical methods (scanning electron microscopy-SEM, X-ray diffraction-XRD, X-ray fluorescence-XRF, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-FTIR, thermal analysis-TGA, and evaluation of the porosity and specific surface characteristics by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-BET method) in order to confirm the successful synthesis of the material and to evaluate the presence of potential secondary phases. The developed material was further doped with iron oxide (HAP-Fe) using a microwave-assisted method, and both materials were evaluated in terms of photocatalytic activity determined by the photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB) which served as a contaminant model. The best results (approx. 33% MB degradation efficiency, after 120 min. of exposure) were obtained for the hydroxyapatite material, superior to the HAP-Fe composite (approx. 27%). The utilization of hydroxyapatite obtained from clam shells underscores the importance of sustainable and eco-friendly practices in materials syntheses. By repurposing waste materials from the seafood industry, we not only reduce environmental impact, but also create a valuable resource with diverse applications, contributing to advancements in both healthcare and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Ioana Matei (Brazdis)
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.M.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.); (I.F.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.N.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anda Maria Baroi
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.M.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.); (I.F.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.N.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Toma Fistos
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.M.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.); (I.F.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.N.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.M.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.); (I.F.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.N.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Grapin
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.M.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.); (I.F.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.N.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Raditoiu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.M.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.); (I.F.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.N.)
| | - Florentina Monica Raduly
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.M.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.); (I.F.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.N.)
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.M.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.); (I.F.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.N.)
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.M.); (A.M.B.); (T.F.); (I.F.); (M.G.); (V.R.); (F.M.R.); (C.A.N.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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6
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Aygun A, Cobas I, Tiri RNE, Sen F. Hydrothermal synthesis of B, S, and N-doped carbon quantum dots for colorimetric sensing of heavy metal ions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10814-10825. [PMID: 38577431 PMCID: PMC10993042 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00397g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, glucose was used as the carbon source to synthesize carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and also aimed to synthesize CQDs doped with heteroatoms such as sulphur, nitrogen, and boron to enhance their functionality. The obtained material has been characterized by several techniques. According to FL analysis, the highest peaks for CQD, N-CQD, B-CQD, and S-CQD were determined as 432 nm (ex 350), 425 (ex 350), 430 nm (ex 340 nm), and 436 nm (ex 340 nm), respectively. FTIR spectra showed different characteristic peaks for CQD, and the FTIR results show that CQDs have a unique structure. According to TEM analysis, the morphology of all CQDs was found to be spherical and monodisperse with average sizes in the range of 5-7 nm. The characterization results of CQDs show that the addition of heteroatoms changes the properties of CQDs. The synthesized CQDs were also tested as colorimetric sensors for the detection of heavy metals. It was observed that CQDs detected Fe3+ metal ions, B-CQD and S-CQD detected Fe3+ and Ag+ metal ions, and N-CQDs detected Ca2+ metal ions. Sensor studies were performed for all CQDs and linear plots were obtained against metal concentrations in the range of 0.06-1.23 μM. LOD values for CQD, N-CQD, S-CQD, and B-CQD were calculated as 0.187 μM (Fe3+), 0.391 μM (Ca2+), 0.224 μM (Fe3+)-0.442 μM (Ag+), and 0.182 μM (Fe3+)-0.174 μM (Ag+), respectively. The results show that the addition of B, N, and S atoms to CQDs plays a role in the improvement and modification of colorimetric sensor properties and has the potential to be used in sensor applications for the detection of heavy metals in areas such as the environment and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Aygun
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University 43000 Kutahya Turkey
| | - Ipek Cobas
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University 43000 Kutahya Turkey
| | - Rima Nour Elhouda Tiri
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University 43000 Kutahya Turkey
| | - Fatih Sen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University 43000 Kutahya Turkey
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Belal F, Mabrouk M, Hammad S, Ahmed H, Barseem A. Recent Applications of Quantum Dots in Pharmaceutical Analysis. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:119-138. [PMID: 37222883 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most potential areas for pharmaceutical analysis. The need for nanomaterials in pharmaceutical analysis is comprehended in terms of economic challenges, health and safety concerns. Quantum dots (QDs)or colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are new groups of fluorescent nanoparticles that bind nanotechnology to drug analysis. Because of their special physicochemical characteristics and small size, QDs are thought to be promising candidates for the electrical and luminescent probes development. They were originally developed as luminescent biological labels, but are now discovering new analytical chemistry applications, where their photo-luminescent properties are used in pharmaceutical, clinical analysis, food quality control and environmental monitoring. In this review, we discuss QDs regarding properties and advantages, advances in methods of synthesis and their recent applications in drug analysis in the recent last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Mabrouk
- Department of pharmaceutical analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherin Hammad
- Department of pharmaceutical analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hytham Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Aya Barseem
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
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Oladzadabbasabadi N, Dheyab MA, Nafchi AM, Ghasemlou M, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B. Turning food waste into value-added carbon dots for sustainable food packaging application: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103020. [PMID: 37871382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a recent addition to the nanocarbon family, encompassing both crystalline and amorphous phases. They have sparked significant research interest due to their unique electrical and optical properties, remarkable biocompatibility, outstanding mechanical characteristics, customizable surface chemistry, and negligible cytotoxicity. Their current applications are mainly limited to flexible photonic and biomedical devices, but they have also garnered attention for their potential use in intelligent packaging. The conversion of food waste into CDs further contributes to the concept of the circular economy. It provides a comprehensive overview of emerging green technologies, energy-saving reactions, and cost-effective starting materials involved in the synthesis of CDs. It also highlights the unique properties of biomass-derived CDs, focusing on their structural performance, cellular toxicity, and functional characteristics. The application of CDs in the food industry, including food packaging, is summarized in a concise manner. This paper sheds light on the current challenges and prospects of utilizing CDs in the packaging industry. It aims to provide researchers with a roadmap to tailor the properties of CDs to suit specific applications in the food industry, particularly in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Ali Dheyab
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, 31001 Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001., Australia
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Vijeata A, Chaudhary GR, Chaudhary S, Umar A. Biogenic synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots using Azadirachta indica leaves: An eco-friendly approach with enhanced photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards Malachite green. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139946. [PMID: 37640216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A simpler and efficient method has been developed for the green synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) from Azadirachta Indica leaves. The surface morphology of developed CDs has shown the existence of spherical particles in the size range of 3-8 nm with superior biocompatibility and high quantum yield value i.e. 42.3%. The particles exhibited a highly fluorescent and crystalline nature along with a bandgap value of 4.02 eV. The prepared CDs served as a factorial design for the sensing and degradation of Malachite green among other dyes. The main perspective of the current finding is that the designed catalyst exhibits excellent sensing results towards Malachite green with a limit of detection i.e. 0.144 μM in the concentration range of 0-50 μM. Moreover, the UV triggered results of photocatalysis illustrated a good dye removal efficacy by developed CDs with an average of 90.73, 98.25, 52 and 6.13% degradation in Methylene blue (MB), Malachite green (MG), Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) and Methyl orange (MO) upon 70 min of irradiation with mercury lamp. Additionally, the proton NMR, FTIR and FESEM results of the recycled samples also confirm the complete degradation of MG dye with the application of N-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Vijeata
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Savita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.
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10
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Dar MS, Tabish TA, Thorat ND, Swati G, Sahu NK. Photothermal therapy using graphene quantum dots. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031502. [PMID: 37614868 PMCID: PMC10444203 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of powerful anti-oncology medicines have been possible because of advances in nanomedicine. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a type of treatment wherein nanomaterials absorb the laser energy and convert it into localized heat, thereby causing apoptosis and tumor eradication. PTT is more precise, less hazardous, and easy-to-control in comparison to other interventions such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiation therapy. Over the past decade, various nanomaterials for PTT applications have been reviewed; however, a comprehensive study of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) has been scantly reported. GQDs have received huge attention in healthcare technologies owing to their various excellent properties, such as high water solubility, chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Motivated by the fascinating scientific discoveries and promising contributions of GQDs to the field of biomedicine, we present a comprehensive overview of recent progress in GQDs for PTT. This review summarizes the properties and synthesis strategies of GQDs including top-down and bottom-up approaches followed by their applications in PTT (alone and in combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy). Furthermore, we also focus on the systematic study of in vitro and in vivo toxicities of GQDs triggered by PTT. Moreover, an overview of PTT along with the synergetic application used with GQDs for tumor eradication are discussed in detail. Finally, directions, possibilities, and limitations are described to encourage more research, which will lead to new treatments and better health care and bring people closer to the peak of human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanveer A. Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Nanasaheb D. Thorat
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Science Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - G. Swati
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sahu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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11
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Kumara BN, Kalimuthu P, Prasad KS. Synthesis, properties and potential applications of photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1268:341430. [PMID: 37268342 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent-carbon nanoparticles (PL-CNPs) are a new class of materials that received immense interest among researchers due to their distinct characteristics, including photoluminescence, high surface-to-volume ratio, low cost, ease of synthesis, high quantum yield, and biocompatibility. By exploiting these outstanding properties, many studies have been reported on its utility as sensors, photocatalysts, probes for bio-imaging, and optoelectronics applications. From clinical applications to point-of-care test devices, drug loading to tracking of drug delivery, and other research innovations demonstrated PL-CNPs as an emerging material that could substitute conventional approaches. However, some of the PL-CNPs have poor PL properties and selectivity due to the presence of impurities (e.g., molecular fluorophores) and unfavourable surface charges by the passivation molecules, which impede their applications in many fields. To address these issues, many researchers have been paying great attention to developing new PL-CNPs with different composite combinations to achieve high PL properties and selectivity. Herein, we thoroughly discussed the recent development of various synthetic strategies employed to prepare PL-CNPs, doping effects, photostability, biocompatibility, and applications in sensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery fields. Moreover, the review discussed the limitations, future direction, and perspectives of PL-CNPs in possible potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Kumara
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - K S Prasad
- Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India.
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12
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Rashid M, Kouser R, Arjmand F, Tabassum S. New graphene oxide-loaded probe as a highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of iron ions in water samples using optical methods. OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 142:114077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2023.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
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13
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Liu X, Sun B. One-Pot Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Applications in Bioimaging and Detecting Copper Ions in Living Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27333-27343. [PMID: 37546585 PMCID: PMC10399175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Two natural carbon sources, glutamic acid and tyrosine, were used to fabricate strong green emission nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) with the one-pot pyrolysis method. The morphology of the prepared GQDs has been characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, showing a well-displayed crystalline structure with a lattice spacing of 0.262 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface functional groups and elemental composition, suggesting that the N-GQDs have active carboxylic and amino functional groups. Meanwhile, photoluminescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy were used to evaluate the optical properties of GQDs; the prepared N-GQDs show an excitation-dependent fluorescence behavior with a maximum excitation/emission wavelength at 460/522 nm, respectively. N-GQDs showed good photostability and the fluorescence intensity quenched about 10% after irradiating 2800 s in the experiment of time kinetic analysis. The MTT assay was utilized to assess the viability of N-GQDs; good biocompatibility with a relatively high quantum yield of 12% demonstrated the potential for serving as bioimaging agents. Besides, the selectivity study on metal ions indicates that the N-GQDs could be used in Cu2+ detection. The linear range is from 0.1 to 10 μM with a limit of detection of 0.06 μM. Overall, these proposed N-GQDs with one-pot synthesis showed their promising potential in cell imaging and Cu2+ monitoring applications involved in the biological environment.
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Cao FJ, Hou X, Wang KF, Jin TZ, Feng H. Facile synthesis of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots with excellent fluorescence emission towards cellular imaging. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21088-21095. [PMID: 37448635 PMCID: PMC10336645 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention owing to their unique photoluminescence properties, good biocompatibility and low toxicity in bioimaging as well as biosensing. Heteroatom doping is usually used to improve photoluminescence properties by tuning the functional groups and the particle size domain effect, thus leading to redshifted emission. Here, we report a straightforward strategy for the fabrication of a mixture of fluorescent phosphorus and nitrogen carbon nanodots (P,N-CDs) followed by separating two kinds of fluorescent fractions based on their different negative charges. Such a one-pot hydrothermal method using formamide, urea and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid as the precursor yields fluorescent P,N-CDs. Specifically, blue-emitting CDs (bCDs) and green-emitting CDs (gCDs) were separated by using column chromatography. The quantum yields of bCDs and gCDs were 20.33% and 1.92%, respectively. And the fluorescence lifetimes of bCDs and gCDs were 6.194 ns and 2.09 ns, respectively. What is more, the resultant P,N-CDs exhibited low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. Confocal fluorescence microscopy images were obtained successfully, suggesting that P,N-CDs have excellent cell membrane permeability and cellular imaging. This work provides a promising fluorescent carbon nanomaterial with tunable emission as a probe for versatile applications in bioimaging, sensing and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jun Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
| | - Kai-Feng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
| | - Tie-Zhi Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
| | - Hui Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
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15
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Muangmora R, Kemacheevakul P, Chuangchote S. Fiberglass cloth coated by coffee ground waste-derived carbon quantum dots/titanium dioxide composite for removal of caffeine and other pharmaceuticals from water. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17693. [PMID: 37455966 PMCID: PMC10338977 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee ground waste from the coffee beverage preparation is mainly discarded and consequently ends up in landfill, which cause the contamination of caffeine in various environmental compartments. This study focuses on the upcycling of coffee-ground waste to carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for use as a modifying material to improve the visible light activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The CQD solution was synthesized by hydrothermal method, which has an average size of 2.80 ± 0.63 nm. The CQDs/TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by combining CQD solutions at various amounts with sol-gel TiO2 and then coated on the fiberglass cloths (FGCs). The photocatalytic application mainly focuses on the removal of caffeine from the water. The photocatalytic experiment was preliminary run in a simple batch reactor under visible light. The 5CQDs/TiO2 coated FGC (5 mL of CQD solution/g of Ti-based on sol-gel) showed the best performance, and it was selected for the removal of caffeine and other pharmaceuticals (i.e., carbamazepine and ibuprofen) in the recirculating reactor. The removals of caffeine, carbamazepine, and ibuprofen after irradiation for 9 h were 82%, 88%, and 84%, respectively. The residual concentrations were significantly lower than the reported toxicity levels based on specific species. The changes in total organic carbon were observed, indicating the mineralization of pharmaceuticals in water. The 5CQDs/TiO2 coated FGC showed good flexible performance. No obvious loss of activity was observed for five runs. The actual wastewater from the coffee pot cleaning process was also tested. The removal was 80% for caffeine and 86% for color in the unit of the American Dye Manufacturers Institute (ADMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattana Muangmora
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Patiya Kemacheevakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology (MEET), King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Surawut Chuangchote
- Research Center of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Technology (MEET), King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Department of Tool and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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16
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Bishwal L, Kar S, Bhattacharyya S. Role of Noncovalent Interactions in N,P-Functionalized Luminescent Carbon Dots for Ultrasensitive Detection of Moisture in D 2O: Boosting Visible-NIR Light Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15907-15916. [PMID: 36919901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to design cost-efficient and eco-friendly fluorometric sensors that can efficiently detect water contamination in D2O and other expensive organic solvents. Herein, we have synthesized N,P-codoped carbon dots (N,P-CDs) from o-phenylene diamine (o-PDA) and H3PO4 through the bottom-up carbonization method. Heteroatom co-doping increases the absorption cross section in the visible-NIR range, followed by the formation of stable emissive states in longer-wavelength regions. We have critically investigated the noncovalent interactions (especially H-bonding interactions) of various surface functional groups with surrounding solvent media through a detailed structure-property correlation. Based on the sensitivity of noncovalent H-bonding interactions to the stability of longer-wavelength emissive domains, we have utilized these N,P-CDs as cost-effective fluorometric sensors of water/moisture contamination in D2O especially under visible-NIR light; the optical sensitivity reaches up to 0.1 volume (%) level. The detailed sensing mechanism has been further supported by a computational study through a simple visualization approach by mapping and analyzing all possible noncovalent interactions between the CDs and the solvent medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Bishwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Subhajit Kar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
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17
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Li G, Liu Z, Gao W, Tang B. Recent advancement in graphene quantum dots based fluorescent sensor: Design, construction and bio-medical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Kalhori S, Ahour F, Aurang P. Determination of trace amount of iron cations using electrochemical methods at N, S doped GQD modified electrode. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1557. [PMID: 36707641 PMCID: PMC9883219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dot-modified glassy carbon electrodes (N, S-GQD/GCE) were used for the recognition of iron cations in aqueous solutions. The dissolved cations are detected based on the faradaic reduction or oxidation current of Fe(III) and Fe(II) obtained at the N, S-GQD/GCE surface. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and hydrodynamic amperometry are used as suitable electrochemical techniques for studying electrochemical behavior and determination of Fe cations. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the presence of free electrons in the structure of N, S-GQD could facilitate electron transfer reaction between Fe(III) and electrode surface which with increased surface area results in increased sensitivity and lower limit of detection. By performing suitable experiments, the best condition for preparing the modified electrode and determining Fe(III) was selected. Under optimized conditions, the amperometric response is linear from 1 to 100 nM of Fe(III) with a detection limit of 0.23 nM. The validity of the method and applicability of the sensor is successfully tested by the determination of Fe(III) in drug and water real samples. This sensor opened a new platform based on doped nanoparticles for highly sensitive and selective detection of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kalhori
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - F. Ahour
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran ,grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Institute of Nanotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - P. Aurang
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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19
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Zhang Y, Yuan J, Ding Y, Zhang B, Zhang S, Liu B. Metal-free N-GQDs/P-g-C3N4 photocatalyst with broad-spectrum response: Enhanced exciton dissociation and charge migration for promoting H2 evolution and tetracycline degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Fabrication of amino acid conjugated polymeric micelles for controlled anticancer drug delivery using radiation and pH-stimuli-triggering systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Kurniawan D, Sharma N, Rahardja MR, Cheng YY, Chen YT, Wu GX, Yeh YY, Yeh PC, Ostrikov KK, Chiang WH. Plasma Nanoengineering of Bioresource-Derived Graphene Quantum Dots as Ultrasensitive Environmental Nanoprobes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52289-52300. [PMID: 36349361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination and energy shortage are among the most critical global issues that require urgent solutions to ensure sustainable ecological balance. Rapid and ultrasensitive monitoring of water quality against pollutant contaminations using a low-cost, easy-to-operate, and environmentally friendly technology is a promising yet not commonly available solution. Here, we demonstrate the effective use of plasma-converted natural bioresources for environmental monitoring. The energy-efficient microplasmas operated at ambient conditions are used to convert diverse bioresources, including fructose, chitosan, citric acid, lignin, cellulose, and starch, into heteroatom-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with controlled structures and functionalities for applications as fluorescence-based environmental nanoprobes. The simple structure of citric acid enables the production of monodispersed 3.6 nm averaged-size GQDs with excitation-independent emissions, while the saccharides including fructose, chitosan, lignin, cellulose, and starch allow the synthesis of GQDs with excitation-dependent emissions due to broader size distribution. Moreover, the presence of heteroatoms such as N and/or S in the chemical structures of chitosan and lignin coupled with the highly reactive species generated by the plasma facilitates the one-step synthesis of N, S-codoped GQDs, which offer selective detection of toxic environmental contaminants with a low limit of detection of 7.4 nM. Our work provides an insight into the rapid and green fabrication of GQDs with tunable emissions from natural resources in a scalable and sustainable manner, which is expected to generate impact in the environmental safety, energy conversion and storage, nanocatalysis, and nanomedicine fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Michael Ryan Rahardja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Xian Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and QUT Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
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22
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Mehmandoust M, Pourhakkak P, Tiris G, Karimi-Maleh H, Erk N. A reusable and sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of idarubicin in environmental and biological samples based on NiFe 2O 4 nanospheres anchored N-doped graphene quantum dots composite; an electrochemical and molecular docking investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113264. [PMID: 35427589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive and selective voltammetric sensor with ultra-trace level detection limit is introduced for idarubicin (IDA) determination in real samples. The as-synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by several techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrocatalytic performance of the developed electrode was observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry. The limit of detection (LOD) of the developed sensor for idarubicin is 1.0 nM, and the response is found to be in the dynamic concentration range of 0.01-1.9 μmol/L in a Britton-Robinson buffer (B-R, pH = 6.0). Moreover, the fabricated electrode illustrated high selectivity with good repeatability and reproducibility for diagnosing idarubicin as an anthracycline antileukemic drug. Furthermore, to evaluate the validity of the recommended method, three real samples, including human plasma, urine, and water samples, were analyzed with satisfactory recovery and compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The minor groove-binding mode of interaction was also supported by docking simulation studies, emphasizing that IDA can bind to ds-DNA preferably and confirmed experimental results. The reduced assay time and the possibility of measuring a single sample with another anticancer drug without any interference are significant advantages compared to the HPLC. The developed and validated sensor could be a valuable point-of-care diagnostic tool for IDA quantification in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehmandoust
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gizem Tiris
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Johannesburg, P.O. Box, 17011, South Africa.
| | - Nevin Erk
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
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23
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Saisree S, Nair JSA, Sandhya KY. Variant solvothermal synthesis of N-GQD for colour tuning emissions and naked eye reversible shade tweaking pH sensing ability. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Chen M, Zhao L, Wu D, Tu S, Chen C, Guo H, Xu Y. Highly sensitive sandwich-type immunosensor with enhanced electrocatalytic durian-shaped MoS2/AuPtPd nanoparticles for human growth differentiation factor-15 detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1223:340194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Graphene quantum dots: synthesis, properties, and applications to the development of optical and electrochemical sensors for chemical sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:258. [PMID: 35701638 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GQDs exhibits exceptional electrochemical activity owing to their active edge sites that make them very attractive for biosensing applications. However, their use in the design of new biosensing devices for application to the detection and quantification of toxins, pathogens, and clinical biomarkers has so far not investigated in detail. In this regard, herein we provide a detailed review on various methodologies employed for the synthesis of GQDs, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, with a special focus on their applications in biosensing via fluorescence, photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and electrochemical techniques. We believe that this review will shed light on the critical issues and widen the applications of GQDs for the design of biosensors with improved analytical response for future applications. HIGHLIGHTS: • Properties of GQDs play a critical role in biosensing applications. • Synthesis of GQDs using top-down and bottom-up approaches is discussed comprehensively. • Overview of advancements in GQD-based sensors over the last decade. • Methods for the design of selective and sensitive GQD-based sensors. • Challenges and opportunities for future GQD-based sensors.
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Kansara V, Tiwari S, Patel M. Graphene quantum dots: A review on the effect of synthesis parameters and theranostic applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112605. [PMID: 35688109 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The rising demand for early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative can be met with the development of materials offering high sensitivity and specificity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been investigated extensively for theranostic applications owing to their superior photostability and high aqueous dispersibility. These are attractive for a range of biomedical applications as their physicochemical and optoelectronic properties can be tuned precisely. However, many aspects of these properties remain to be explored. In the present review, we have discussed the effect of synthetic parameters upon their physicochemical characteristics relevant to bioimaging. We have highlighted the effect of particle properties upon sensing of biological molecules through 'turn-on' and 'turn-off' fluorescence and generation of electrochemical signals. After describing the effect of surface chemistry and solution pH on optical properties, an inclusive view on application of GQDs in drug delivery and radiation therapy has been given. Finally, a brief overview on their application in gene therapy has also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushti Kansara
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mitali Patel
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Gujarat, India.
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27
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Rabeya R, Mahalingam S, Lau KS, Manap A, Satgunam M, Chia CH, Akhtaruzzaman M. Hydrothermal functionalization of graphene quantum dots extracted from cellulose. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Ahuja V, Bhatt AK, Varjani S, Choi KY, Kim SH, Yang YH, Bhatia SK. Quantum dot synthesis from waste biomass and its applications in energy and bioremediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133564. [PMID: 35007612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are getting special attention due to their commendable optical properties and applications. Conventional metal-based QDs have toxicity and non-biodegradability issues, thus it becomes necessary to search for renewable precursor molecules for QDs synthesis. In recent years, biomass-based carbon rich QDs (CQDs) have been introduced which are mainly synthesised via carbonization (pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment). These CQDs offered higher photostability, biocompatibility, low-toxicity, and easy tunability for physicochemical properties. Exceptional optical properties become a point of attraction for its multifaceted applications in various sectors like fabrication of electrodes and solar cells, conversion of solar energy to electricity, detection of pollutants, designing biosensors, etc. In recent years, a lot of work has been done in this field. This article will summarize these advancements along in a special context to biomass-based QDs and their applications in energy and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Ahuja
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171005, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171005, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382010, Gujarat, India
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Khose RV, Bangde P, Bondarde MP, Dhumal PS, Bhakare MA, Chakraborty G, Ray AK, Dandekar P, Some S. Waste derived approach towards wealthy fluorescent N-doped graphene quantum dots for cell imaging and H 2O 2 sensing applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120453. [PMID: 34628364 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a highly fluorescent nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) from waste precursors such as melamine sponge and arjuna bark via a microwave treatment and its functional and morphological characterization using various spectroscopy techniques such as optical, FTIR, XPS and TEM. The as-prepared aqueous N-GQD (dia. 2-3 nm) was used for the bio-imaging application using breast carcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231) as a model, and the locations of all cells in the cytoplasm as well as nuclei were observed to stain brightly in blue fluorescent color successfully. In addition to that, the aqueous N-GQD showed fluorescence quenching behavior in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which was exploited to sense H2O2, a probable toxin generated in the diseased cells. Importantly, the cell cytotoxicity was measured and found to be non-toxic (70% survival) to the MDA-MB-231 cells even at very high concentration (∼1.8 mg/ml) of the synthesized N-GQD. This study revealing excellent biocompatibility and imaging of the model cancer cells, and sensing of H2O2 by fluorescent quenching, indicates potential in-vivo cell culture applications of the prepared fluorescent N-GQD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul V Khose
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Prachi Bangde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mahesh P Bondarde
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Pratik S Dhumal
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Madhuri A Bhakare
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Alok K Ray
- HBNI, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India; RRF, Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Surajit Some
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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30
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Shen J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Chen W, Zhao H, Liu X. Facile and green synthesis of carbon nanodots from environmental pollutants for cell imaging and Fe 3+ detection. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An economical and green approach has been provided to turn environmental pollutants into carbon nanodots for their potential applications in both bioimaging and Fe3+ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Shen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002 Yichang, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002 Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, 443002 Yichang, Hubei, China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, 443007 Yichang, Hubei, China
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31
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Zhou H, Yang C, Liao M, Li M, Diao N, Wu S, Wang J. Exploring the mechanism of CdTe quantum dots as fluorescent probe to detect Hg(II) ion from the perspectives of fluorescence polarization and light scattering. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Ghaffarkhah A, Hosseini E, Kamkar M, Sehat AA, Dordanihaghighi S, Allahbakhsh A, van der Kuur C, Arjmand M. Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects of Graphene Quantum Dots: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2102683. [PMID: 34549513 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD) is one of the youngest superstars of the carbon family. Since its emergence in 2008, GQD has attracted a great deal of attention due to its unique optoelectrical properties. Non-zero bandgap, the ability to accommodate functional groups and dopants, excellent dispersibility, highly tunable properties, and biocompatibility are among the most important characteristics of GQDs. To date, GQDs have displayed significant momentum in numerous fields such as energy devices, catalysis, sensing, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging. As this field is rapidly evolving, there is a strong need to identify the emerging challenges of GQDs in recent advances, mainly because some novel applications and numerous innovations on the ease of synthesis of GQDs are not systematically reviewed in earlier studies. This feature article provides a comparative and balanced discussion of recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications of GQDs. Besides, current challenges and future prospects of these emerging carbon-based nanomaterials are also highlighted. The outlook provided in this review points out that the future of GQD research is boundless, particularly if upcoming studies focus on the ease of purification and eco-friendly synthesis along with improving the photoluminescence quantum yield and production yield of GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Ghaffarkhah
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ehsan Hosseini
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Milad Kamkar
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ali Akbari Sehat
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sara Dordanihaghighi
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ahmad Allahbakhsh
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Colin van der Kuur
- ZEN Graphene Solutions, 210-1205 Amber Dr., Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6M4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Cheng CW, Lo KM, Li MF, Chiu TC, Hu CC. Facile synthesis of dual-emission fluorescent carbon nanodots for a multifunctional probe. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39958-39965. [PMID: 35494123 PMCID: PMC9044676 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07826g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed a facile method for synthesizing dual-emission carbon nanodots (CDs) through trimesic acid and o-phenylenediamine through electrolysis for 2 h. The synthesized CDs were mainly 3-7 nm in size, with an average size of 5.17 nm. The dual-emission fluorescent property of these CDs could be observed under two different excitation wavelengths. The green emission of the CDs could be quenched after the addition of mercury ions or copper ions, and the blue emission of the CDs could be inhibited using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Furthermore, the quenched fluorescence of CDs/Cu2+ could be recovered through the addition of glyphosate. We developed a multifunctional chemical sensor by using these special fluorescence materials. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits of mercury ions, glyphosate, and HCQ were 0.42 μM, 1.1 mg L-1, and 0.14 μM, respectively. Moreover, this method can be used to detect mercury ions, glyphosate, and HCQ in environmental water, cereals, and urine samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Cheng
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Min Lo
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Min-Feng Li
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Cho-Chun Hu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University Taiwan Republic of China
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Khan ZU, Uchiyama MK, Khan LU, Araki K, Goto H, Felinto MCFC, de Souza AO, de Brito HF, Gidlund M. Wide visible-range activatable fluorescence ZnSe:Eu 3+/Mn 2+@ZnS quantum dots: local atomic structure order and application as a nanoprobe for bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:247-261. [PMID: 34878486 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01870a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of QDs-based fluorescent bionanoprobe for cellular imaging fundamentally relies upon the precise knowledge of particle-cell interaction, optical properties of QDs inside and outside of the cell, movement of a particle in and out of the cell, and the fate of particle. We reported engineering and physicochemical characterization of water-dispersible Eu3+/Mn2+ co-doped ZnSe@ZnS core/shell QDs and studied their potential as a bionanoprobe for biomedical applications, evaluating their biocompatibility, fluorescence behaviour by CytoViva dual mode fluorescence imaging, time-dependent uptake, endocytosis and exocytosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The oxidation state and local atomic structure of the Eu dopant studied by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis manifested that the Eu3+ ions occupied sites in both ZnSe and ZnS lattices for the core/shell QDs. A novel approach was developed to relieve the excitation constraint of wide bandgap ZnSe by co-incorporation of Eu3+/Mn2+ codopants, enabling the QDs to be excited at a wide UV-visible range. The QDs displayed tunable emission colors by a gradual increase in Eu3+ concentration at a fixed amount of Mn2+, systematically enhancing the Mn2+ emission intensity via energy transfer from the Eu3+ to Mn2+ ion. The ZnSe:Eu3+/Mn2+@ZnS QDs presented high cell viability above 85% and induced no cell activation. The detailed analyses of QDs-treated cells by dual mode fluorescence CytoViva microscopy confirmed the systematic color-tunable fluorescence and its intensity enhances as a function of incubation time. The QDs were internalized by the cells predominantly via macropinocytosis and other lipid raft-mediated endocytic pathways, retaining an efficient amount for 24 h. The unique color tunability and consistent high intensity emission make these QDs useful for developing a multiplex fluorescent bionanoprobe, activatable in wide-visible region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ullah Khan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-IV, University of São Paulo (USP), Zip Code 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Zip Code 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Klimuk Uchiyama
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Zip Code 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Latif Ullah Khan
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Zip Code 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME), P.O. Box 7, Allan 19252, Jordan.
| | - Koiti Araki
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Zip Code 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hiro Goto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Zip Code 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Olivia de Souza
- Development and Innovation Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Zip Code 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hermi Felinto de Brito
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Zip Code 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Magnus Gidlund
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-IV, University of São Paulo (USP), Zip Code 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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35
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Zhao GQ, Hu J, Long X, Zou J, Yu JG, Jiao FP. A Critical Review on Black Phosphorus-Based Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102155. [PMID: 34309180 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Energy shortages and greenhouse effects are two unavoidable problems that need to be solved. Photocatalytically converting CO2 into a series of valuable chemicals is considered to be an effective means of solving the above dilemmas. Among these photocatalysts, the utilization of black phosphorus for CO2 photocatalytic reduction deserves a lightspot not only for its excellent catalytic activity through different reaction routes, but also on account of the great preponderance of this relatively cheap catalyst. Herein, this review offers a summary of the recent advances in synthesis, structure, properties, and application for CO2 photocatalytic reduction. In detail, the review starts from the basic principle of CO2 photocatalytic reduction. In the following section, the synthesis, structure, and properties, as well as CO2 photocatalytic reduction process of black phosphorus-based photocatalyst are discussed. In addition, some possible influencing factors and reaction mechanism are also summarized. Finally, a summary and the possible future perspectives of black phosphorus-based photocatalyst for CO2 reduction are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Gang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Peng Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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36
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Chen X, Liang P, Wu Q, Tan Q, Dong X. Fluorescence Enhanced Optical Resonator Constituted of Quantum Dots and Thin Film Resonant Cavity for High-Efficiency Reflective Color Filter. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112813. [PMID: 34835579 PMCID: PMC8619847 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional color filters selectively absorb a part of the backlight while reflecting or transmitting other light, resulting in the problem of low efficiency and energy wasting. For this problem, a new concept of fluorescence enhanced optical resonator was proposed and verified in this paper. The new structure consists of structural color filter and light-conversion material. Specially, a thin film resonant cavity was designed, and InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots were inserted inside the resonator. When illuminated by sunlight, the novel fluorescence enhanced optical resonator could not only reflect the specific light, but also convert absorbed energy into desired light, leading to the utilization efficiency improvement of solar energy. An all-dielectric red fluorescence enhanced optical resonator was fabricated, with peak equivalent reflectance up to 105%. Compared with a thin film resonator, the enhancement coefficient of the as-proposed structure is about 124%. The new optical structure can utilize solar source efficiently, showing application potential as the next generation of reflective color filters for display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (P.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Pengxia Liang
- BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (P.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qian Wu
- BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (P.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiaofeng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.T.); (X.D.)
| | - Xue Dong
- BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (P.L.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.T.); (X.D.)
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37
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Moustafa E, El Nady J, Kashyout AEHB, Shoueir K, El-Kemary M. Fabrication of High Yield Photoluminescent Quantized Graphene Nanodiscs for Supercapacitor Devices. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23090-23099. [PMID: 34549110 PMCID: PMC8444208 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we produced high yield quantized nitrogen-doped graphene nanodiscs from waste tires via a one-step process under high pressure and temperature using a homemade stainless steel reactor without using any chemical additives. Reaction temperature played a vital role in the preparation process. By increasing the temperature to a level between 600 and 1100 °C, the carbon atoms rearranged themselves to build a mixed graphene structure of nanodiscs and quantum dots. The obtained graphene exhibits excellent capacitance and long life cycle stability as an electrode in supercapacitor devices. The specific capacitance rose to 161.24 F/g with a high power density of 733.3 W/kg, and the energy density reached 27.1 Wh/kg. The finding of this work is not only to provide a solution to get rid of hazardous materials but also to give awareness of turning these hazardous materials into a cost-effective and economical nanomaterial; in another, this approach sheds light on the promising power uses of waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Moustafa
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Jehan El Nady
- Electronic
Materials Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research
Institute, City of Scientific Research and
Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Hady B. Kashyout
- Electronic
Materials Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research
Institute, City of Scientific Research and
Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Kamel Shoueir
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Maged El-Kemary
- Institute
of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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38
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Sohal N, Maity B, Basu S. Recent advances in heteroatom-doped graphene quantum dots for sensing applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25586-25615. [PMID: 35478909 PMCID: PMC9037181 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04248c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are carbon-based fluorescent nanomaterials having various applications due to attractive properties. But the low photoluminescence (PL) yield and monochromatic PL behavior of GQDs put limitations on their real-time applications. Therefore, heteroatom doping of GQDs is recognized as the best approach to modify the optical as well as electronic properties of GQDs by modifying their chemical composition and electronic structure. In this review, the new strategies for preparing the heteroatom (N, B, S, P) doped GQDs by using different precursors and methods are discussed in detail. The particle size, emission wavelength, PL emissive color, and quantum yield of recently developed heteroatom doped GQDs are reported in this article. The investigation of structure, crystalline nature, and composition of heteroatom doped GQDs by various characterization techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are also described. The recent progress on the impact of mono or co-doping of heteroatoms on PL behavior, and optical, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and electrochemical properties of GQDs is also surveyed. Further, heteroatom doped GQDs with attractive properties used in sensing of various metal ions, biomolecules, small organic molecules, etc. by using various techniques with different limits of detection are also summarized. This review provides progressive trends in the development of heteroatom doped GQDs and their various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sohal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
| | - Banibrata Maity
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
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39
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Li Q, Zhang T, Chen J, Ji W, Wei Y. In situ synthesis of fluorescent polydopamine polymer dots based on Fenton reaction for a multi-sensing platform. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5503-5513. [PMID: 34132319 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00764e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent nanosensors has attracted extensive research interest owing to their superior optoelectronic properties. However, current fluorescent nanoprobes generally involve complicated synthesis processes, background signal disturbance, and limited analyte detection. In this work, a facile and time-saving synthetic strategy for the preparation of green emitting polydopamine polymer dots (PDA-PDs) from dopamine via Fenton reaction at room temperature was proposed for the first time. The obtained PDA-PDs possessed excellent luminescence properties, with a long-wavelength emission of 522 nm, a large Stokes shift of 142 nm, and good photostability against ionic strength and UV irradiation. The formation mechanism of fluorescent PDA-PDs is as follows: in the presence of Fe2+ and H2O2, dopamine could rapidly undergo oxidation to its quinone derivatives and further polymerize to synthesize the fluorescent PDA-PDs with the acceleration of hydroxyl radicals produced from the Fenton reaction. Thus, a versatile turn-on fluorescence sensing method was developed for the detection of multi-analytes (including Fe2+, dopamine, H2O2, and glucose) based on monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence signal of the in situ formation of PDA-PDs. This sensing method could be efficiently applied for the detection of Fe2+, dopamine, and glucose in real human serum samples. Moreover, a three-input AND molecular logic gate based on this sensing platform was designed with the fluorescence signal of PDA-PDs as the gate. Finally, the proposed PDA-PDs could have immense broad prospects in nanomaterials and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 3rd North East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Taoyi Zhang
- Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 14 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100014, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 14 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100014, China
| | - Wenxi Ji
- Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, 14 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100014, China
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 3rd North East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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40
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Tao J, Feng S, Liu B, Pan J, Li C, Zheng Y. Hyaluronic acid conjugated nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots for identification of human breast cancer cells. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34157704 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac0d93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Accurate distinguish of cancer cells through fluorescence plays an important role in cancer diagnosis. Here we synthesized a blue fluorescent nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) from citric acid and diethylamine via one-step hydrothermal synthesis method which was simple and quick to avoid by-products, and highlighted the binding sites to achieve precise combination. Due to the nitrogen element doping, amide II bond was amply obtained and abundant binding sites were provided for hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugation. N-GQDs solution with different pH value was then conjugated to HA via an amide bond for the recognition of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells), and the formation of amide bond was more favorable under alkaline conditions. HA conjugated N-GQDs (HA-N-GQDs) were combined with CD44 which was over expressed on the surface of MCF-7 cells, resulting in MCF-7 cells performing stronger fluorescence. HA-N-GQDs showed high fluorescence, low toxicity, and good cytocompatibility, which held it play a role in fluorescence imaging for accurate identification of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Tao
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixuan Feng
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaorong Li
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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Safaei-Ghomi J, Mutashar MA, Saharkhan Z. A ZnS@N-GQD nanocomposite as a highly effective and easily retrievable catalyst for the sonosynthesis of β-amino carbonyls. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19935-19942. [PMID: 35479203 PMCID: PMC9033672 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02975d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A three-component reaction of acetophenone, aromatic aldehydes, and aniline derivatives has been achieved in the presence of a ZnS@nitrogen graphene quantum dot (N-GQD) nanocomposite as a highly effective heterogeneous catalyst to produce β-amino carbonyls. The catalyst has been characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, EDS, BET and TGA techniques. The feasibility of carrying out the one-pot synthesis under ultrasonic irradiation with a heterogeneous nanocatalyst could improve the reaction rates and shorten the reaction times. A flexible and highly efficient protocol for the sonosynthesis of β-amino carbonyls using a ZnS@N-GQD nanocomposite has been developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Safaei-Ghomi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan Kashan 51167 I. R. Iran +98-31-55912397 +98-31-55912385
| | | | - Zahra Saharkhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan Kashan 51167 I. R. Iran +98-31-55912397 +98-31-55912385
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42
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Bai T, Shi X, Liu M, Huang H, Yu MH, Zhang J, Bu XH. A metal-organic framework-derived Zn 1-xCd xS/CdS heterojunction for efficient visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6064-6070. [PMID: 33885684 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ZCS-C (ZnCdS/CdS) QDs were synthesized via low-temperature vulcanization using zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles as a precursor, cation exchange, and heterojunction construction. Without any precious metal as a cocatalyst, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of ZCS-C-3 QDs reached 2.7 mmol g-1 h-1 under visible light irradiation. The optimized sample exhibited an outstanding chemical stability and recyclability, which is superior to most of the reported Zn1-xCdxS-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofan Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Mei-Hui Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Jijie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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Al-Azmi A, John E. Synthesis and characterization of novel tricyanofuran hydrazone probe: solvatochromism, density-functional theory calculation and selective fluorescence, and colorimetric determination of iron (III). LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1220-1230. [PMID: 33792161 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A tricyanofuran hydrazone (TCFH) spectroscopic probe was produced to visually recognize Fe(III) ions in aqueous environments. The synthesis was started by reacting tricyanofuran with 4-aminophenol diazonium chloride. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic analyses. TCFH showed distinctive solvatochromic behaviour in various organic polar solvents due to intramolecular charge transfer. Its behaviour towards sensing Fe(III) was studied using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The sensing behaviours of the proposed probe for other metal ions, namely Co(II), Cr(III), Mg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Ba(II), Hg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ca(II), Al(III), Na(I) and K(I), were also investigated, but no spectral changes were observed, indicating the probe's potential use as a highly selective and Fe(III)-sensitive colorimetric and fluorescent chemical sensor. The TCFH probe using EtOH/H2 O (5:1; v/v) served as a colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor for identification of Fe(III) by the naked eye owing to both its high sensitivity and selectivity towards Fe(III) compared with the other examined metal ions. The proposed TCFH probe can therefore be utilized as an effective spectroscopic sensor for Fe(III). Both colorimetric and fluorescence recognition of the analyte depended on the concentration of Fe(III) ions and was accomplished at a pH of 7. A rapid colour change from yellow to red occurred when an aqueous solution of Fe(III) ions was added. The intensity of the colour increased at higher Fe(III) concentrations. Cyclic voltammetry measurements in the dimethylformamide solvent indicated a nonreversible redox potential. This study also explained the possible mechanisms for both solvatochromism and the detection of Fe(III) through TCFH-Fe(III) complex formation. The binding constant of the generated TCFH-Fe(III) complex was explored. Computational modelling was conducted to explain the deprotonation-triggered changes that occur in the photophysical properties of TCFH dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Azmi
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Elizabeth John
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat, Kuwait
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45
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Zhu S, Bai X, Wang T, Shi Q, Zhu J, Wang B. One-step synthesis of fluorescent graphene quantum dots as an effective fluorescence probe for vanillin detection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9121-9129. [PMID: 35423426 PMCID: PMC8695316 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study proposes an easy bottom-up method for the synthesis of photoluminescent (PL) graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using citric acid as the carbon source. The obtained GQDs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The synthesised GQDs have an average diameter of 4.76 ± 0.96 nm, with a lattice spacing of 0.24 nm. The GQDs exhibit excitation-independent PL emission. The surface of the GQDs has a variety of functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, and ether groups etc.) to enhance its stability and water solubility. In this study, a fluorescent "on-off" sensor is developed for the selective detection of vanillin in chocolates using GQDs as a fluorescent probe. Under optimal conditions, fluorescence intensity of the GQDs has a good linear relationship with the vanillin concentration (0.0-2.1 × 10-5 mol L-1), with a limit of detection of 2.5 × 10-8 mol L-1. For detection in real samples, the percent recovery of vanillin and the relative standard deviation were 88.0-108.9% and 0.90-5.4%, respectively. Thus, this GQDs-based method has good accuracy and precision and can be used for vanillin detection in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 China
| | - Xuexue Bai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009 P. R. China
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Sawy AM, Barhoum A, Abdel Gaber SA, El-Hallouty SM, Shousha WG, Maarouf AA, Khalil ASG. Insights of doxorubicin loaded graphene quantum dots: Synthesis, DFT drug interactions, and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111921. [PMID: 33641914 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene oxide nanosheets (GO), single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, MWCNTs) exhibit different drug loading capacities, release rates, and targeting abilities. This explains the reported discrepancy of their associated therapeutic efficiencies when used as drug carrier systems. In this study, for the first time, two different types of GQDs named GQDs1 and GQDs2 were synthesized, fully characterized, loaded with the chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin (DOX) and compared with other CNMs under the same conditions. The effects of shape (spheres, tubes and sheets), size (30-180 nm), and surface charge (-64.9 to -11.85 mv) of the synthesized CNMs on DOX loading and release efficiency as well as cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells were investigated. Furthermore, the biosafety of the synthesized GQDs was studied both at the in vitro level using human WI-38 cells and at the in vivo level at low and high doses of 5 and 20 mg/Kg using healthy female Wister rats. Results revealed that GO nanosheets showed the highest DOX loading capacity reaching 2.85 mg/mg while GQDs1 exhibited the highest release rate of 78.1%. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that the smallest spherical nanomaterial among the tested CNMs, namely GQDs1 was the most efficient one on delivering DOX into the cells and inhibiting their proliferation. Regarding the biosafety, all CNMs displayed no noticeable cytotoxicity against WI-38, except for GQDs2. Moreover, hematological, biochemical and histological assessment of both kidneys and livers of treated rats assured the high biosafety level. We also present new insights on the first principle calculations investigating the adsorption of DOX on GO and GQDs. The calculations showed that DOX molecules adsorbed almost equally on both nanoforms, however, the flaky nature of our GO monolayers allowed for sandwich-like structures to exist making its loading capacity superior over GQDs. Based on this comprehensive study, GQDs is the most promising type of the tested CNMs to be used in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M Sawy
- Environmental and Smart Technology Group (ESTG), Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sara A Abdel Gaber
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Salwa M El-Hallouty
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Wafaa G Shousha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Maarouf
- Department of Physics, IRMC, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed S G Khalil
- Environmental and Smart Technology Group (ESTG), Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt; Materials Science & Engineering Department, School of Innovative Design Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), 179 New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt.
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47
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Saisree S, Aswathi R, Arya Nair JS, Sandhya KY. Radical sensitivity and selectivity in the electrochemical sensing of cadmium ions in water by polyaniline-derived nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03988h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the sensing capability of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) was explored for the first time toward hazardous heavy metal ions and they were found to be able to selectively detect cadmium ions (Cd(ii)).
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saisree
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala
- Thiruvananthapuram 695547
- India
| | - R. Aswathi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala
- Thiruvananthapuram 695547
- India
| | - J. S. Arya Nair
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala
- Thiruvananthapuram 695547
- India
| | - K. Y. Sandhya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala
- Thiruvananthapuram 695547
- India
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Zhu L, Shen D, Wu C, Gu S. State-of-the-Art on the Preparation, Modification, and Application of Biomass-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Dekui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
| | - Sai Gu
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford GU2 7XH, U.K
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49
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Hesari M, Ding Z. A Perspective on Application of Carbon Quantum Dots in Luminescence Immunoassays. Front Chem 2020; 8:580033. [PMID: 33244465 PMCID: PMC7683785 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.580033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have been established in our daily life, for instance, in display screens and light-harvesting technologies, mainly owing to their peculiar opto-electronic features. However, toxicity of inorganic QDs, such as CdSe, CdTe, and perovskites, limits their applications in biological environments for medical diagnosis and bio-imaging purposes. A new generation of QDs called carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been progressing rapidly over the past few years. CQDs have become as popular as other carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to their ease of preparation, ultra-small size, biocompatibility, and bright luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hesari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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50
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Farzin MA, Abdoos H. A critical review on quantum dots: From synthesis toward applications in electrochemical biosensors for determination of disease-related biomolecules. Talanta 2020; 224:121828. [PMID: 33379046 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs), defined by a diameter size of <10 nm, have been the core concept of nanoscience and nanotechnology since their inception. QDs possess many unique structural, electrochemical and photochemical properties that render them a promising platform for sensing applications. These nanomaterials can greatly enhance the analytical performances of biosensors, namely detection limit, sensitivity and selectivity. QDs are being developed not only because of their ability for signal enhancement but also because of their high capacity for fuctionalization with bioreceptors. In this review, we summarize a basic knowledge of QDs before focusing on their application to sensing thus far followed by a discussion of future directions for research into the sensing field. Due to the nature of QDs, especially their ability to combine nanotechnology and biotechnology, they possess the potential to open a novel paradigm on early diagnosis of diseases using the electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, we try to give a comprehensive view of the role of these zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials in the designing electrochemical sensors for determination of disease-related biomolecules, including tumor markers, inflammatory biomarkers, depression markers and archetypal biomarker in diabetes diagnosis. Considering the high potential of QDs for the electrochemistry-based biosensing strategies, the authors suggest that more research is needed on understanding their electronic properties and why synthesis and surface modification methods can affect these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Farzin
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hassan Abdoos
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, 35131-19111, Semnan, Iran.
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