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Xiao P, Wen Y, Du G, Luo E, Su Z, Liao Z, Ding H, Li W. Clusterin attenuates blood-brain barrier damage and cognitive impairment by inhibiting astrocyte aging in mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Neuroreport 2024; 35:857-867. [PMID: 38973492 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe complication of sepsis, however, its exact mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether clusterin is essential to the development of SAE during the aging process of astrocytes. In the study, septic mice were established with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharides were applied to astrocytes in vitro. Evan's blue dye was used in vivo to show blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. A morris water maze test was conducted to assess cognitive functions of the mice. Clusterin-knockout mice were used to examine the effect of clusterin on sepsis. The astrocytes were transfected with lentivirus expressing clusterin cDNA for clusterin overexpression or pYr-LV-clusterin small hairpin RNA for clusterin knockdown in vitro . The expression of clusterin, p-p53, p21, GDNF, and iNOS was detected. he CLP mice exhibited a higher clusterin expression in hippocampus tissue, aging astrocytes, lower GDNF expression and higher iNOS expression, accompanied with BBB damage and cognitive deficiency. Following clusterin knockout, this pathological process was further enhanced. In vitro , following lipopolysaccharides treatment, astrocytes exhibited increased clusterin, p-p53, p21, iNOS and decreased GDNF. Following clusterin knockdown, the cells exhibited a further increase in p-p53, p21, and iNOS and decrease in GDNF. Clusterin overexpression, however, helped inhibit astrocytes aging and neuroinflammation evidenced by decreased p-p53, p21, iNOS and increased GDNF. The present study has revealed that clusterin may exert its neuroprotective effect by preventing aging in astrocytes, suppressing the secretion of iNOS and promoting GNDF release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiao
- Surgical Department of Pulmonary Oncology
| | - Yin Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Guoqiang Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Luoding People's Hospital, Yunfu
| | - Ensi Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University, Dongguan
| | - ZhiWei Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Zhong Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Longnan First People's Hospital, Longnan
| | - Hongguang Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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El-Shoura EAM, Abdelzaher LA, Ahmed AAN, Abdel-Wahab BA, Sharkawi SMZ, Mohamed SA, Salem EA. Reno-protective effect of nicorandil and pentoxifylline against potassium dichromate-induced acute renal injury via modulation p38MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 and Notch1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 85:127474. [PMID: 38788404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational and environmental exposure to chromium compounds such as potassium dichromate (PDC) (K2Cr2O7) has emerged as a potential aetiologic cause for renal disease through apoptotic, and inflammatory reactions. The known potent antioxidants such as nicorandil (NIC) and/or pentoxifylline (PTX) were studied for their possible nephroprotective effect in PDC-treated rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; control, PDC group, NIC+PDC, PTX+PDC group, and combination+PDC group. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated histopathologically and biochemically. Invasive blood pressure, renal function parameters urea, creatinine, uric acid and albumin, glomerular filtration rate markers Cys-C, Kim-1 and NGAL, inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, COX-II, p38MAPK, NF-κB and TLR4, oxidative stress SOD, GSH, MDA, MPO, HO-1 and Nrf2 and apoptotic mediators Notch1 and PCNA were evaluated. Besides, renal cortical histopathology was assayed as well. RESULTS PDC led to a considerable increase in indicators for kidney injury, renal function parameters, invasive blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. They were markedly reduced by coadministration of PDC with either/or NIC and PTX. The NIC and PTX combination regimen showed a more significant improvement than either medication used alone. Our results demonstrated the nephroprotective effect of NIC, PTX, and their combined regimen on PDC-induced kidney injury through suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. CONCLUSION Renal recovery from PDC injury was achieved through enhanced MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 and suppressed Notch1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. This study highlights the role of NIC and PTX as effective interventions to ameliorate nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing PDC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Lobna A Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A N Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souty M Z Sharkawi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Esraa A Salem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen ElKom 32511, Egypt
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Li N, Li X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wu H, Yu Y, Jia G, Yu S. Low-dose hexavalent chromium induces mitophagy in rat liver via the AMPK-related PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17837. [PMID: 39099653 PMCID: PMC11296300 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a hazardous metallic compound commonly used in industrial processes. The liver, responsible for metabolism and detoxification, is the main target organ of Cr(VI). Toxicity experiments were performed to investigate the impacts of low-dose exposure to Cr(VI) on rat livers. It was revealed that exposure of 0.05 mg/kg potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and 0.25 mg/kg K2Cr2O7 notably increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the expressions of P-AMPK, P-ULK, PINK1, P-Parkin, and LC3II/LC3I, and significantly reduced SOD activity and P-mTOR and P62 expression levels in liver. Electron microscopy showed that CR(VI) exposure significantly increased mitophagy and the destruction of mitochondrial structure. This study simulates the respiratory exposure mode of CR(VI) workers through intratracheal instillation of CR(VI) in rats. It confirms that autophagy in hepatocytes is induced by low concentrations of CR(VI) and suggest that the liver damage caused by CR(VI) may be associated with the AMPK-related PINK/Parkin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Li
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Wu
- The Third People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Yu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- School of Public Health, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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4
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Alur A, Phillips J, Xu D. Effects of hexavalent chromium on mitochondria and their implications in carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2024; 42:109-125. [PMID: 38230947 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2024.2301899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a well-known occupational and environmental human carcinogen. The cellular effect of Cr(VI) is complex and often nonspecific due to its ability to modulate multiple cellular targets. The toxicity of Cr(VI) is strongly linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during its reduction process. ROS can cause oxidation of cellular macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and DNA, thereby altering their functions. A major genotoxic effect of Cr(VI) that contributes to carcinogenesis is the formation of DNA adducts, which can lead to DNA damage. Modulations of cellular signaling pathways and epigenetics may also contribute to the carcinogenic effects of Cr(VI). Cr(VI) has a major impact on many aspects of mitochondrial biology, including oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. These effects have the potential to alter the trajectory of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenic process. This perspective article summarizes current understandings of the effect of Cr(VI) on mitochondria and discusses the future directions of research in this area, particularly with regard to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Alur
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - John Phillips
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Dazhong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Wang L, Zheng P, Cui Y, Zhang Z, Song K, Liu Y, Liu J. Regulation of Parkin in Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in chicken hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114315. [PMID: 36423368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The large amount of heavy metal chromium emissions from industrial production, ore smelting and sewage treatment plants have made chromium one of the most widespread heavy metal pollutants, with Cr (VI) being the most toxic. In recent years, people have gradually recognized the great harm of heavy metal chromium pollution, but the research on its pathogenic mechanism is still not deep enough. In this study, we treated the Primary cells of chicken liver with Cr (VI) to establish a model of toxicity. The optimal treatment time and Cr (VI) concentration were screened using the CCK-8 test. The intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured qualitatively and quantitatively by laser confocal and flow cytometry, respectively. This result was confirmed by the fact that Cr (VI) could cause mitophagy by causing damage to mitochondria. Subsequently, this study used LMH cells to construct a Parkin silencing model to further investigate that Parkin exerts the function on the Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in chicken hepatocytes. The results showed that the knockdown of Parkin effectively blocked p62 degradation and LC3 lipidation and that PINK1 expression was significantly inhibited in LMH cells, further suggesting that the knockdown of Parkin effectively inhibited mitophagy. Mitochondrial morphology, MMP, and ROS were observed using laser confocal. The results showed that Parkin knockdown resulted in mitochondrial fission and increased levels of reactive oxygen species, together with increased depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. These changes led to increased mitochondrial damage. In conclusion, this study showed that Cr (VI) could cause the occurrence of mitophagy by damaging mitochondria, and Parkin played a crucial role in Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in chicken hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Pimiao Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yukun Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhuanglong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Kaimin Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Ma Y, Li S, Tang S, Ye S, Liang N, Liang Y, Xiao F. Clusterin protects against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress-associated hepatotoxicity by mediating the Akt-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52289-52301. [PMID: 35257348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a serious environmental pollutant that threatens human life. Cr(VI) is widely used in industrial processes such as metallurgy, leather processing, and electroplating, which can enter the human body through the respiratory or digestive tracts, thus causing a number of human disease, including inflammation and cancer. Although it has been confirmed that oxidative stress is one of the primary mechanism of liver injury caused by Cr(VI) exposure, the related toxic target and effective intervention measures have not been found. Clusterin (CLU) is an acute phase response protein with cytoprotective and apoptosis-delaying effects, and its expression has been confirmed to increase significantly after exposure to Cr(VI). In this study, our data clearly indicates that Cr(VI) is capable of causing hepatocytes damage through the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In contrast, over expression of CLU was able to inhibit ROS production and alleviate Cr(VI)-induced liver injury. The specific mechanisms are that CLU acts on the protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway to release Nrf2 into the nucleus. This is to initiate the expression of a downstream protein, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), thereby attenuating the ubiquitination ability of Keap1 with Nrf2. We also demonstrated that CLU could affect oxidative stress through the Akt/Nrf2 pathway, which reduced the production of ROS induced by Cr(VI) and protected against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress-associated hepatotoxicity. This study demonstrates a mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity and indicates that CLU as an intervention target of oxidative stress can provide valuable experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Cr(VI)-exposed population. Under the state of Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress, CLU though phosphorylation Akt, leading to Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1. Activated Nrf2 entered the nucleus and formed the next step, thus binding to the structure of the antioxidant response element ARE, which activated HO-1, resulting in the decrease in intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjuan Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Kaifu District, NO.238 Shangmayuanling Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.
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Berdowska I, Matusiewicz M, Krzystek-Korpacka M. HDL Accessory Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease—Focusing on Clusterin (Apolipoprotein J) in Regard to Its Involvement in Pathology and Diagnostics—A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030524. [PMID: 35326174 PMCID: PMC8944556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD)—a neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) characterized by progressive destruction of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra of the brain—is associated with the formation of Lewy bodies containing mainly α-synuclein. HDL-related proteins such as paraoxonase 1 and apolipoproteins A1, E, D, and J are implicated in NDDs, including PD. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ, clusterin) is a ubiquitous, multifunctional protein; besides its engagement in lipid transport, it modulates a variety of other processes such as immune system functionality and cellular death signaling. Furthermore, being an extracellular chaperone, ApoJ interacts with proteins associated with NDD pathogenesis (amyloid β, tau, and α-synuclein), thus modulating their properties. In this review, the association of clusterin with PD is delineated, with respect to its putative involvement in the pathological mechanism and its application in PD prognosis/diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Berdowska
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (M.M.); Tel.: +48-71-784-13-92 (I.B.); +48-71-784-13-70 (M.M.)
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8
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Awoyomi OV, Adeoye YD, Oyagbemi AA, Ajibade TO, Asenuga ER, Gbadamosi IT, Ogunpolu BS, Falayi OO, Hassan FO, Omobowale TO, Arojojoye OA, Ola-Davies OE, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Luteolin mitigates potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and genotoxicity through modulation of Kim-1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2146-2160. [PMID: 34272807 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds has become potential aetiologic agent for kidney disease with excessive generation of free radicals, apoptosis, and inflammatory. These pathophysiologic mechanisms of potassium dichromate (K2 Cr2 O7 ) have been well correlated with nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects of Luteolin, a known potent antioxidant were evaluated in this study with 40 healthy rats in four experimental groups: Group A (normal saline), Groups B (30 mg/kg K2 Cr2 O7 ), Group C (Luteolin 100 mg/kg and K2 Cr2 O7 30 mg/kg), and Group D (Luteolin 200 mg/kg and K2 Cr2 O7 30 mg/kg), respectively. Markers of antioxidant defense system, oxidative stress, blood pressure and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPEs), immunohistochemistry of Kidney, injury molecule (Kim-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cardiac troponin I were determined. Administration of K2 Cr2 O7 increased blood pressure parameters in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures, markers of oxidative stress, and frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, together with reduction in serum nitric oxide level. Renal Kim-1 and cardiac troponin I expressions were higher, but lower expressions of renal and cardiac Nrf2 were recorded with immunohistochemical analysis. Pre-treatment with Luteolin restored blood pressure parameters, with concomitant reduction in oxidative stress indicators, augmented antioxidant mechanisms and serum Nitric oxide level, lowered the expressions of Kim-1, cardiac troponin I and up-regulated of both cardiac and renal Nrf2, reduced the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Taken together, this study therefore demonstrates the cardioprotective, nephro protective and antigenotoxic effects of Luteolin through antioxidantive and radical scavenging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Rachael Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | | | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
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Liang N, Li S, Liang Y, Ma Y, Tang S, Ye S, Xiao F. Clusterin inhibits Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis via enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis through AKT-associated STAT3 activation in L02 hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112447. [PMID: 34175824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improper treatment of a large amount of industrial waste makes hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] seriously pollute the atmosphere, soil and water, and enter the food chain, seriously affecting the health of workers and local residents. We previously proved that Clusterin (CLU) can inhibit the apoptosis of L02 hepatocytes induced by Cr(VI) through mitochondrial pathway, but the associated molecular mechanism has not been further studied. Mitochondrial biogenesis is an important step in mitochondrial damage repair, but the mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis in Cr(VI)-induced liver toxicity is still unclear. We demonstrated in the present study that Cr(VI) triggered mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction-associated apoptosis, and CLU delayed Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was down-regulated in Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis, and CLU may regulate STAT3 via protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) in Cr(VI)-exposed hepatocytes. We used the STAT3 inhibitor C188-9 and the AKT inhibitor Uprosertib to eliminate the anti-apoptotic effect of CLU, and found that CLU inhibited Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis by up-regulating AKT/STAT3 signal. Based on the fact that both AKT and STAT3 are closely related to mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial pathway-associated apoptosis, this study is the first time to link CLU, STAT3, AKT and mitochondrial biogenesis function after Cr(VI) exposure, to further enrich the experimental basis of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity, clarify the molecular mechanism of CLU helping cells to escape apoptosis, and also suggest that new ways can be sought to prevent and treat Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating mitochondrial biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjuan Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Siwen Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Sixuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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10
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Cr(VI)-induced overactive mitophagy contributes to mitochondrial loss and cytotoxicity in L02 hepatocytes. Biochem J 2021; 477:2607-2619. [PMID: 32597464 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has aroused the main interest of environmental health researchers due to its high toxicity. Liver is the main target organ of Cr(VI), and the purpose of this study was to explore whether mitophagy contributes to Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity and to demonstrate the potential mechanisms. Cr(VI) exposure induced mitochondrial loss, energy metabolism disorders and cell apoptosis, which were associated with the occurrence of excessive mitophagy characterized by the increased number of green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) puncta and lysosomal colocalization with mitochondria. In addition, the suppression of mitophagy by autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) siRNA can effectively inhibit Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial loss and cytotoxicity. In summary, we reached the conclusion that Cr(VI)-induced overactive mitophagy contributes to mitochondrial loss and cytotoxicity in L02 hepatocytes, which will further reveal the possible mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity, and provide a new experimental basis for the study of the health hazard effects of chromium.
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11
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Tang S, Ye S, Ma Y, Liang Y, Liang N, Xiao F. Clusterin alleviates Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in L02 hepatocytes via inhibition of Ca 2+-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111326. [PMID: 32961495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is ubiquitous in the environment and is commonly used in various industrial processes. Clusterin (CLU) is an extracellular chaperone protein which exerts the anti-apoptotic function. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of CLU on Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. We revealed that the apoptosis rate of L02 hepatocytes treated with Cr (VI) was increased. CLU over-expression could protect the hepatocytes from Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, Cr(VI) triggered the intracellular calcium overload, resulting in the activation of xanthine oxidase (XO). Cr(VI) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, led to dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) translocation to mitochondria and the subsequent mitochondrial fission, contributing to the caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis as evidenced by higher mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening rate, lower mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and more alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) leakage into the culture medium. However, CLU over-expression could trigger the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which was followed by the increase of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) expression. CLU-induced AMPK/SERCA2a activation attenuated calcium overload, caspase-3 activation, and ultimate mitochondrial apoptosis. All in all, the present study demonstrated that Cr(VI) induced hepatocytes apoptosis via Ca2+-ROS-Drp1-mitochondrial fission axis and CLU alleviated the mitochondrial apoptosis through activation of the AMPK/SERCA2a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Tang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - NingJuan Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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12
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Xiao Y, Lu C, Xiao F. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission contributes to Cr(VI)-induced mitophagy and hepatotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110928. [PMID: 32888618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is seriously harmful to ecosystems and living organisms due to its strong toxicity. Role of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and Drp1-associated mitochondrial fragmentation in mitophagy and cytotoxicity after Cr(VI) exposure has not been clarified so far. We confirmed that Cr(VI) caused mitochondrial fission by up-regulating Drp1 expression and enhancing Drp1 mitochondrial translocation. By applying the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist BAPTA-AM and mitochondrial Ca2+ antagonist Ru360, we demonstrated that Cr(VI)-induced excessive mitochondrial fission was in a Ca2+-Drp1 dependent manner. The administration of Drp1 siRNA significantly suppressed the overactivation of mitophagy in Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity. The specific Drp1 inhibitor mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) blocked the overactive mitophagy and subsequently ameliorated hepatotoxicity caused by Cr(VI) in vivo. We reached the conclusion that Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission contributes to Cr(VI)-induced mitophagy and hepatotoxicity, which may provide experimental basis for the study of chromium-associated toxicity, especially for the prevention of health damage in chromium-exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Chan Lu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China.
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13
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Yang Q, Han B, Xue J, Lv Y, Li S, Liu Y, Wu P, Wang X, Zhang Z. Hexavalent chromium induces mitochondrial dynamics disorder in rat liver by inhibiting AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114855. [PMID: 32474337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) can cause cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, we established a liver injury model in rats via intraperitoneal injection of potassium dichromate (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg body weight) for 35 d to investigate the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced liver injury. We found that Cr(VI) induced hepatic histopathological lesions, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and reduced the expression of mitochondrial-related regulatory factors such as adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Cr(VI) promoted mitochondrial division and inhibited fusion, leading to increased expression of caspase-3 and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Our study demonstrates that long-term exposure to Cr(VI) induces mitochondrial dynamics disorder by inhibiting AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiangdong Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Yueying Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Xiao F. Increased Mitochondrial Fragmentation Mediated by Dynamin-Related Protein 1 Contributes to Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex I-Dependent Cytotoxicity. TOXICS 2020; 8:E50. [PMID: 32751088 PMCID: PMC7560259 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) pollution is a severe public health problem in the world. Although it is believed that mitochondrial fragmentation is a common phenomenon in apoptosis, whether excessive fission is crucial for apoptosis remains controversial. We previously confirmed that Cr(VI) mainly targeted mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (MRCC I) to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis, but the related mechanism was unclear. In this study, we found Cr(VI) targeted MRCC I to induce ROS accumulation and triggered mitochondria-related cytotoxicity. Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity was alleviated by pretreatment of Glutamate/malate (Glu/Mal; MRCC I substrates), and was aggravated by cotreatment of rotenone (ROT; MRCC I inhibitor). Cr(VI) induced excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) translocation, the application of Drp1-siRNA alleviated Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis. The cytotoxicity in the Drp1-si plus Cr(VI) treatment group was alleviated by the application of Glu/Mal, and was aggravated by the application of ROT. Drp1 siRNA promoted the inhibition of Glu/Mal on Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity, and alleviated the aggravation of ROT on Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, Cr(VI)-induced Drp1 modulation was dependent on MRCC I inhibition-mediated ROS production, and Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation contributed to Cr(VI)-induced MRCC I-dependent cytotoxicity, which provided the experimental basis for further elucidating Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Y.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
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15
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Li YY, Lu XY, Sun JL, Wang QQ, Zhang YD, Zhang JB, Fan XH. Potential hepatic and renal toxicity induced by the biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:672-681. [PMID: 31526502 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence continues to grow on potential health risks associated with Ginkgo biloba and its constituents. While biflavonoid is a subclass of the flavonoid family in Ginkgo biloba with a plenty of pharmacological properties, the potential toxicological effects of biflavonoids remains largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo toxicological effects of the biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba (i.e., amentoflavone, sciadopitysin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, and bilobetin). In the in vitro cytotoxicity test, the five biflavonoids all reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and human normal hepatocytes (L-02), indicating they might have potential liver and kidney toxicity. In the in vivo experiments, after intragastrical administration of these biflavonoids at 20 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 7 days, serum biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations were performed. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased after all the biflavonoid administrations and widespread hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes was observed in ginkgetin or bilobetin-treated mice. Moreover, the five biflavonoids all induced acute kidney injury in treated mice and the main pathological lesions were confirmed to the tubule, glomeruli, and interstitium injuries. As the in vitro and in vivo results suggested that these biflavonoids may be more toxic to the kidney than the liver, we further detected the mechanism of biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity. The increased TUNEL-positive cells were detected in kidney tissues of biflavonoids-treated mice, accompanied by elevated expression of proapoptotic protein BAX and unchanged levels of antiapoptotic protein BCL-2, indicating apoptosis was involved in biflavonoids-induced nephrotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggested that the five biflavonoids from Ginkgo biloba may have potential hepatic and renal toxicity and more attentions should be paid to ensure Ginkgo biloba preparations safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ying Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Li Sun
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- Zhejiang University - Wanbangde Pharmaceutical Group Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicine Modernization, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yao-Dan Zhang
- Zhejiang University - Wanbangde Pharmaceutical Group Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicine Modernization, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Bing Zhang
- Zhejiang University - Wanbangde Pharmaceutical Group Joint Research Center for Chinese Medicine Modernization, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Fan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Liang N, Liang Y, Lu C, Xiao F. Blockage of ROS-ERK-DLP1 signaling and mitochondrial fission alleviates Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in L02 hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 186:109749. [PMID: 31622878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a common heavy metal pollutant widely used in various industrial fields. It is well known that mitochondria are the most vulnerable targets of heavy metals, but the key molecule/event that directly mediated mitochondrial dysfunction after Cr(VI) exposure is still unclear. The present study was aimed to explore whether Cr(VI) exposure could affect the mitochondrial fission/fusion process, and whether the related abnormal mitochondrial dynamics have been implicated in Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. We found that the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by Cr(VI) exposure was characterized by decreased mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC) I/II activities and levels, collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), depleted ATP, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Cr(VI) induced abnormal mitochondrial fission/fusion events, the antioxidant Nacetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) restored the abnormal mitochondrial function as well as the fission/fusion dynamics. ROS was the up-stream regulator of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling, and the application of a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 confirmed that activation of ERK1/2 signaling was associated with the abnormal mitochondrial fission/fusion and mitochondrial dysfunction. We also demonstrated that treatment with dynamic-like protein 1 (DLP1)-siRNA rescued mitochondrial dysfunction in Cr(VI)-exposed L02 hepatocytes. We reached the conclusion that blockage of ROS-ERK-DLP1 signaling and mitochondrial fission alleviates Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in L02 hepatocytes, which may provide the new avenue for developing effective strategies to protect against Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Ningjuan Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Chan Lu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China.
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Herring SK, Moon HJ, Rawal P, Chhibber A, Zhao L. Brain clusterin protein isoforms and mitochondrial localization. eLife 2019; 8:48255. [PMID: 31738162 PMCID: PMC6860991 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU), or apolipoprotein J (ApoJ), is the third most predominant genetic risk factor associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). In this study, we use multiple rodent and human brain tissue and neural cell models to demonstrate that CLU is expressed as multiple isoforms that have distinct cellular or subcellular localizations in the brain. Of particular significance, we identify a non-glycosylated 45 kDa CLU isoform (mitoCLU) that is localized to the mitochondrial matrix and expressed in both rodent and human neurons and astrocytes. In addition, we show that rodent mitoCLU is translated from a non-canonical CUG (Leu) start site in Exon 3, a site that coincides with an AUG (Met) in human CLU. Last, we reveal that mitoCLU is present at the gene and protein level in the currently available CLU–/– mouse model. Collectively, these data provide foundational knowledge that is integral in elucidating the relationship between CLU and the development of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Herring
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Hee-Jung Moon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Punam Rawal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Anindit Chhibber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Zhong C, Xiao F. Expression of Clusterin suppresses Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence through activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109465. [PMID: 31376806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Our group found that long-term low-dose exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in L-02 hepatocytes resulted in premature senescence, which accompanied by the increased expression of Clusterin (CLU), but the functional role of CLU in premature senescence has never been explored. In the present study, the CLU overexpressed or silenced L-02 hepatocytes were established by lentiviral vector transfection. Cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, western blotting, plate clone formation assay, and confocal microcopy were performed. The results indicated that Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence was associated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway inhibition, and high expression of CLU in the senescent cells exerted its functional role of promoting cell proliferation. CLU could complex with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit I (EIF3I) and prevent its degradation, leading to the increase of AKT activity in Cr(VI)-exposed senescent hepatocytes. Blockage of the PI3K/AKT pathway with its inhibitor LY294002 eliminated the inhibitory effect of CLU on Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence. We concluded that high expression of CLU suppressed Cr(VI)-induced premature senescence through activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, which will provide the experimental basis for the study of Cr(VI)-induced liver cancer, especially for the elucidation of the mechanism of liver cancer cells escaping from senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Caigao Zhong
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, PR China.
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Lu LH, Wang Z, Xia W, Cheng P, Zhang B, Cao Z, He WM. Sustainable routes for quantitative green selenocyanation of activated alkynes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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