Chemometric analysis of enantioselective Raman spectroscopy data enables enantiomeric ratio determination

Process analytical technology in Downstream-Processing of Drug Substances- A review

Process Analytical Technology (PAT) has revolutionized pharmaceutical manufacturing by providing real-time monitoring and control capabilities throughout the production process. This review paper comprehensively examines the application of PAT methodologies specifically in the production of solid active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Beginning with an overview of PAT principles and objectives, the paper explores the integration of advanced analytical techniques such as spectroscopy, imaging modalities and others into solid API substance production processes. Novel developments in in-line monitoring at academic level are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the role of PAT in ensuring product quality, consistency, and compliance with regulatory requirements. Examples from existing literature illustrate the practical implementation of PAT in solid API substance production, including work-up, crystallization, filtration, and drying processes. The review addresses the quality and reliability of the measurement technologies, aspects of process implementation and handling, the integration of data treatment algorithms and current challenges. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the transformative impact of PAT on enhancing pharmaceutical manufacturing processes for solid API substances.

Chiral discrimination of amino acids using phosphorene assisted graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Discrimination of enantiomers poses a scientific challenge as the chemical and physical properties of enantiomers are nearly identical. The chiral analysis is usually performed by separation techniques, including chromatography, electrophoresis, or optical instrumentation based on an interaction of the analyzed sample with a polarized beam of light. Here we present a novel method for a chiral screening based on a combination of the black phosphorus@Graphene nanocomposite and Raman spectroscopy. The nanocomposite allows to enhance the Raman signal with factors higher than 100 asymmetrically and provide altered signals for mixtures containing varying enantiomeric ratios of target compounds. Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, DOPA, Isoleucine, and Leucine were selected as model compounds; the method allows us to discriminate between mixtures with 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% enantiomeric purity.