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Simon C, Dührkop K, Petras D, Roth VN, Böcker S, Dorrestein PC, Gleixner G. Mass Difference Matching Unfolds Hidden Molecular Structures of Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11027-11040. [PMID: 35834352 PMCID: PMC9352317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) has revealed unprecedented details of natural complex mixtures such as dissolved organic matter (DOM) on a molecular formula level, but we lack approaches to access the underlying structural complexity. We here explore the hypothesis that every DOM precursor ion is potentially linked with all emerging product ions in FTMS2 experiments. The resulting mass difference (Δm) matrix is deconvoluted to isolate individual precursor ion Δm profiles and matched with structural information, which was derived from 42 Δm features from 14 in-house reference compounds and a global set of 11 477 Δm features with assigned structure specificities, using a dataset of ∼18 000 unique structures. We show that Δm matching is highly sensitive in predicting potential precursor ion identities in terms of molecular and structural composition. Additionally, the approach identified unresolved precursor ions and missing elements in molecular formula annotation (P, Cl, F). Our study provides first results on how Δm matching refines structural annotations in van Krevelen space but simultaneously demonstrates the wide overlap between potential structural classes. We show that this effect is likely driven by chemodiversity and offers an explanation for the observed ubiquitous presence of molecules in the center of the van Krevelen space. Our promising first results suggest that Δm matching can both unfold the structural information encrypted in DOM and assess the quality of FTMS-derived molecular formulas of complex mixtures in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Simon
- Molecular
Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Dührkop
- Chair
for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Petras
- Collaborative
Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0657, La Jolla, California 92093-0657, United States of America
- CMFI
Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and
Medicine, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa-Nina Roth
- Molecular
Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Böcker
- Chair
for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Collaborative
Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0657, La Jolla, California 92093-0657, United States of America
| | - Gerd Gleixner
- Molecular
Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Yakimov BP, Rubekina AA, Budylin GS, Zherebker AY, Kompanets VO, Chekalin SV, Vainer YG, Fadeev VV, Gorbunov MY, Perminova IV, Shirshin EA. Ultrafast Energy Transfer Determines the Formation of Fluorescence in DOM and Humic Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10365-10377. [PMID: 34260209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humification is a ubiquitous natural process of biomass degradation that creates multicomponent systems of nonliving organic matter, including dissolved organic matter (DOM) and humic substances (HS) in water environments, soils, and organic rocks. Despite significant differences in molecular composition, the optical properties of DOM and HS are remarkably similar, and the reason for this remains largely unknown. Here, we employed fluorescence spectroscopy with (sub)picosecond resolution to elucidate the role of electronic interactions within DOM and HS. We revealed an ultrafast decay component with a characteristic decay lifetime of 0.5-1.5 ps and spectral diffusion originating from excitation energy transfer (EET) in the system. The rate of EET was positively correlated to the fraction of aromatic species and tightness of aromatic species packing. Diminishing the number of EET donor-acceptor pairs by reduction with NaBH4 (decrease of the acceptor number), decrease of pH (decrease of the electron-donating ability), or decrease of the average particle size by filtration (less donor-acceptor pairs within a particle) resulted in a lower impact of the ultrafast component on fluorescence decay. Our results uncover the role of electronic coupling among fluorophores in the formation of DOM and HS optical properties and provide a framework for studying photophysical processes in heterogeneous systems of natural fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P Yakimov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street, 8-2, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Rubekina
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb S Budylin
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Y Zherebker
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel Street, Skolkovo, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor O Kompanets
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Chekalin
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri G Vainer
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Fadeev
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Y Gorbunov
- Environmental Biology and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 57 US Highway 1, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8554, United States
| | - Irina V Perminova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street, 8-2, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Street, 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
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Bishop LDC, Misiura A, Landes CF. A new metric for relating macroscopic chromatograms to microscopic surface dynamics: the distribution function ratio (DFR). Analyst 2021; 146:4268-4279. [PMID: 34105529 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00370d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous stationary phase chemistry causes chromatographic tailing that lowers separation efficiency and complicates optimizing mobile phase conditions. Model-free metrics are attractive for assessing optimal separation conditions due to the low quantity of information required, but often do not reveal underlying mechanisms that cause tailing, for example, heterogeneous retention modes. We report a new metric, which we call the Distribution Function Ratio (DFR), based on a graphical comparison between the chromatogram and Gaussian cumulative distribution functions, achieving correspondence to ground truth surface dynamics with a single chromatogram. Using a Monte Carlo framework, we show that the DFR can predict the prevalence of heterogeneous retention modes with high precision when the relative desorption rate between modes is known, as in during surface dynamics experiments. Ground truth comparisons reveal that the DFR outperforms both the asymmetry factor and skewness by yielding a one-to-one correspondence with heterogeneous retention mode prevalence over a broad range of experimentally realistic values. Perhaps of more value, we illustrate that the DFR, when combined with the asymmetry factor and skewness, can estimate microscopic surface dynamics, providing valuable insights into surface chemistry using existing chromatographic instrumentation. Connecting ensemble results to microscopic quantities through the lens of simulation establishes a new chemistry-driven route to measuring and advancing separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan D C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.
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