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Naik K, du Toit LC, Ally N, Choonara YE. In vivo evaluation of a Nano-enabled therapeutic vitreous substitute for the precise delivery of triamcinolone to the posterior segment of the eye. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2668-2694. [PMID: 38519828 PMCID: PMC11384602 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on the design of a thermoresponsive, nano-enabled vitreous substitute for the treatment of retinal diseases. Synthesis of a hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid and a poloxamer blend was undertaken. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) acid nanoparticles encapsulating triamcinolone acetonide (TA) were synthesised with a spherical morphology and mean diameter of ~ 153 nm. Hydrogel fabrication and nanoparticle loading within the hydrogel was confirmed via physicochemical analysis. Gelation studies indicated that hydrogels formed in nine minutes and 10 min for the unloaded and nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels, respectively. The hydrogels displayed in situ gel formation properties, and rheometric viscoelastic studies indicated the unloaded and loaded hydrogels to have modulus values similar to those of the natural vitreous at 37 °C. Administration of the hydrogels was possible via 26G needles allowing for clinical application and drug release of triamcinolone acetonide from the nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel, which provided sustained in vitro drug release over nine weeks. The hydrogels displayed minimal swelling, reaching equilibrium swelling within 12 h for the unloaded hydrogel, and eight hours for the nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel. Biodegradation in simulated vitreous humour with lysozyme showed < 20% degradation within nine weeks. Biocompatibility of both unloaded and loaded hydrogels was shown with mouse fibroblast and human retinal pigment epithelium cell lines. Lastly, a pilot in vivo study in a New Zealand White rabbit model displayed minimal toxicity with precise, localised drug release behaviour, and ocular TA levels maintained within the therapeutic window for the 28-day investigation period, which supports the potential applicability of the unloaded and nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels as vitreous substitutes that function as drug delivery systems following vitrectomy surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti Naik
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa Claire du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Naseer Ally
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya Essop Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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2
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Boase NRB, Gillies ER, Goh R, Kieltyka RE, Matson JB, Meng F, Sanyal A, Sedláček O. Stimuli-Responsive Polymers at the Interface with Biology. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5417-5436. [PMID: 39197109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
There has been growing interest in polymeric systems that break down or undergo property changes in response to stimuli. Such polymers can play important roles in biological systems, where they can be used to control the release of therapeutics, modulate imaging signals, actuate movement, or direct the growth of cells. In this Perspective, after discussing the most important stimuli relevant to biological applications, we will present a selection of recent exciting developments. The growing importance of stimuli-responsive polysaccharides will be discussed, followed by a variety of stimuli-responsive polymeric systems for the delivery of small molecule drugs and nucleic acids. Switchable polymers for the emerging area of therapeutic response measurement in theranostics will be described. Then, the diverse functions that can be achieved using hydrogels cross-linked covalently, as well as by various dynamic approaches will be presented. Finally, we will discuss some of the challenges and future perspectives for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R B Boase
- Centre for Materials Science and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Rubayn Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Roxanne E Kieltyka
- Department of Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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3
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Loh WW, Lin Q, Zhao X, Su X, Loh XJ, Lim JYC. Polyurea-urethane Temperature-responsive Hydrogels for Sustained Delivery of Anti-VEGF Therapeutics. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400453. [PMID: 38878271 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Temperature-responsive hydrogels, or thermogels, have emerged as a leading platform for sustained delivery of both small molecule drugs and macromolecular biologic therapeutics. Although thermogel properties can be modulated by varying the polymer's hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, molecular weight and degree of branching, varying the supramolecular donor-acceptor interactions on the polymer remains surprisingly overlooked. Herein, to study the influence of enhanced hydrogen bonding on thermogelation, we synthesized a family of amphiphilic polymers containing urea and urethane linkages using quinuclidine as an organocatalyst. Our findings showed that the presence of strongly hydrogen bonding urea linkages significantly enhanced polymer hydration in water, in turn affecting hierarchical polymer self-assembly and macroscopic gel properties such as sol-gel phase transition temperature and gel stiffness. Additionally, analysis of the sustained release profiles of Aflibercept, an FDA-approved protein biologic for anti-angiogenic treatment, showed that urea bonds on the thermogel were able to significantly alter the drug release mechanism and kinetics compared to usage of polyurethane gels of similar composition and molecular weight. Our findings demonstrate the unrealized possibility of modulating gel properties and outcomes of sustained drug delivery through judicious variation of hydrogen bonding motifs on the polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, Singapore, 117576
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, Singapore, 117576
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4
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Liu S, Yan Z, Huang Z, Yang H, Li J. Smart Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2070-2085. [PMID: 38489843 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinoblastoma, stand as the leading causes of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide. Effectively administering drugs for retinal diseases poses a formidable challenge due to the presence of complex ocular barriers and elimination mechanisms. Over time, various approaches have been developed to fabricate drug delivery systems for improving retinal therapy including virus vectors, lipid nanoparticles, and polymers. However, conventional nanocarriers encounter issues related to the controllability, efficiency, and safety in the retina. Therefore, the development of smart nanocarriers for effective or more invasive long-term treatment remains a desirable goal. Recently, approaches have surfaced for the intelligent design of nanocarriers, leveraging specific responses to external or internal triggers and enabling multiple functions for retinal therapy such as topical administration, prolonged drug release, and site-specific drug delivery. This Review provides an overview of prevalent retinal pathologies and related pharmacotherapies to enhance the understanding of retinal diseases. It also surveys recent developments and strategies employed in the intelligent design of nanocarriers for retinal disease. Finally, the challenges of smart nanocarriers in potential clinical retinal therapeutic applications are discussed to inspire the next generation of smart nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhike Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zixiang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Jingying Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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5
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Leow Y, Boo YJ, Lin M, Tan YC, Goh RZR, Zhu Q, Loh XJ, Xue K, Kai D. Coconut husk-derived nanocellulose as reinforcing additives in thermal-responsive hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121453. [PMID: 37940313 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has been widely used as a reinforcing agent for hydrogel systems, but its functions on thermal responsive hydrogels are rarely investigated. In this study, we extracted cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from coconut biomass (coir fibers and piths, respectively) and aimed to study their effects on the material properties on a new class of thermogel (poly(PCL/PEG/PPG urethane). The CNFs extracted from fiber (FF) and piths (FP) showed different morphology and fiber lengths. FF are uniformed individual fibrous networks with a fiber length of 664 ± 416 nm, while FP display a hybrid structure consisting of individual fiber and large bundles with a relative shorter fiber length of 443 ± 184 nm. Integrating both CNFs into thermogels remained the thermal-responsive characteristics with an enhanced rheological property. The results showed that gels with FF resulted in a higher storage modulus and lower Tan δ value compared to those with FP, indicating that the CNFs with a longer length could form a more intertwined network interacting with the thermogel matrix. Furthermore, we demonstrated the improved capabilities of the nanocomposite thermogels for sustained drug delivery in vitro. This study not only value-adds lignocellulose valorization but also elevates the versatility of thermogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yi Jian Boo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Ying Chuan Tan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Rubayn Zhi Rong Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore; Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
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6
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Wu KY, Akbar D, Giunta M, Kalevar A, Tran SD. Hydrogels in Ophthalmology: Novel Strategies for Overcoming Therapeutic Challenges. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:86. [PMID: 38203940 PMCID: PMC10780040 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The human eye's intricate anatomical and physiological design necessitates tailored approaches for managing ocular diseases. Recent advancements in ophthalmology underscore the potential of hydrogels as a versatile therapeutic tool, owing to their biocompatibility, adaptability, and customizability. This review offers an exploration of hydrogel applications in ophthalmology over the past five years. Emphasis is placed on their role in optimized drug delivery for the posterior segment and advancements in intraocular lens technology. Hydrogels demonstrate the capacity for targeted, controlled, and sustained drug release in the posterior segment of the eye, potentially minimizing invasive interventions and enhancing patient outcomes. Furthermore, in intraocular lens domains, hydrogels showcase potential in post-operative drug delivery, disease sensing, and improved biocompatibility. However, while their promise is immense, most hydrogel-based studies remain preclinical, necessitating rigorous clinical evaluations. Patient-specific factors, potential complications, and the current nascent stage of research should inform their clinical application. In essence, the incorporation of hydrogels into ocular therapeutics represents a seminal convergence of material science and medicine, heralding advancements in patient-centric care within ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Dania Akbar
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Michel Giunta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Ananda Kalevar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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7
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Wang X, Li F, Liu X, Zhang H. Applications and Recent Developments of Hydrogels in Ophthalmology. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5968-5984. [PMID: 37906698 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a type of functional polymer material with a three-dimensional network structure composed of physically or chemically cross-linked polymers. All hydrogels have two common features: first, their structure contains a large number of hydrophilic groups; therefore, they have a high water content and can swell in water. Second, they have good regulation, and the physical and chemical properties of their cross-linked network can be changed by environmental factors and deliberate modification methods. In recent years, the application of hydrogels in ophthalmology has gradually attracted attention. By selecting an appropriate composition and cross-linking mode, hydrogels can be used in different fields for various applications, such as gel eye drops, in situ gel preparation, intravitreal injection, and corneal contact lenses. This Review provides a detailed introduction to the classification of hydrogels and their applications in glaucoma, vitreous substitutes, fundus diseases, corneal contact lenses, corneal diseases, and cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - FuQiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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8
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Iqball S, Beck DK, Devarajan G, Khoo CP, O’Connor DM, Ellis S, Guzman E, Mitrophanous KA, Lad Y. Lentiviral delivered aflibercept OXB-203 for treatment of neovascular AMD. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:350-366. [PMID: 37637380 PMCID: PMC10448334 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the aging population, with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) playing a key role. Treatment with recombinant anti-VEGFs is the current standard of care; however, it is only effective for 1-2 months at a time and requires re-administration. Gene therapy could pave the way for stable, long-term expression of therapeutic anti-VEGF with a single dose, reducing the frequency of treatment and potentially improving clinical outcomes. As such, we have developed OXB-203, a lentiviral-based gene therapy encoding the anti-VEGF protein aflibercept. Aflibercept derived from OXB-203 exhibited comparable in vitro binding characteristics to VEGF as recombinant aflibercept. Furthermore, its biological potency was demonstrated by the equivalent inhibition of VEGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and tubule formation as recombinant aflibercept. In a rat choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model of nAMD, a single subretinal administration of OXB-203 reduced laser-induced CNV lesion areas analogous to an intravitreal bolus of recombinant aflibercept. Finally, in a head-to-head comparative study, aflibercept derived from OXB-203 was shown to be expressed at significantly higher levels in ocular tissues than from an AAV8-aflibercept vector following a single subretinal delivery to rats. These findings support the therapeutic potential of OXB-203 for the management of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Iqball
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Ltd., Windrush Court, Transport Way, OX4 6LT Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel K. Beck
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Ltd., Windrush Court, Transport Way, OX4 6LT Oxford, UK
| | - Gayathri Devarajan
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Ltd., Windrush Court, Transport Way, OX4 6LT Oxford, UK
| | - Cheen P. Khoo
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Ltd., Windrush Court, Transport Way, OX4 6LT Oxford, UK
| | - Deirdre M. O’Connor
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Ltd., Windrush Court, Transport Way, OX4 6LT Oxford, UK
| | - Scott Ellis
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Ltd., Windrush Court, Transport Way, OX4 6LT Oxford, UK
| | - Efrain Guzman
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Ltd., Windrush Court, Transport Way, OX4 6LT Oxford, UK
| | | | - Yatish Lad
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Ltd., Windrush Court, Transport Way, OX4 6LT Oxford, UK
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9
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Suriyaamporn P, Sahatsapan N, Patrojanasophon P, Opanasopit P, Kumpugdee-Vollrath M, Ngawhirunpat T. Optimization of In Situ Gel-Forming Chlorhexidine-Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles Using Design of Experiment for Periodontitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:161. [PMID: 37505346 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gums caused by pathogenic microorganisms damaging and destroying periodontal tissues. Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is a commonly used antimicrobial agent for the treatment of periodontitis. However, it has many drawbacks, such as toxicity due to the high dosage required, low prolonged release, and low adhesion in the periodontal pocket. The objective of this study was to develop and optimize CHX-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) loaded into in situ gel-forming (ISGF) using design of experiment (DoE) to improve the treatment of periodontitis and overcome these limitations. CHX-NPs were optimized from 0.046%w/v chitosan, 0.05%w/w gelatin, and 0.25%w/w CHX. After that, the optimized of CHX-NPs was loaded into a thermosensitive ISGF, which was a mixture of 15%w/v Poloxamer 407 and 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The optimized CHX-NPs, loaded into ISGF, was evaluated by measuring gelling temperature and time, pH, viscosity, compatibility, in vitro drug release, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and stability. The results showed that the size, PDI, and zeta potential of optimized CHX-NPs were 53.07±10.17 nm, 0.36±0.02, and 27.63±4.16 mV, respectively. Moreover, the optimized ISGF loading CHX-NPs showed a gelling temperature at 34.3±1.2°C within 120.00±17.32 s with a pH value of 4.06. The viscosity of the formulations at 4°C was 54.33±0.99 cP. The DSC and FTIR showed no interaction between ingredients. The optimal formulations showed a prolonged release of up to 7 days while providing potential antibacterial activity and were safe for normal gingival fibroblast cells. Moreover, the formulations had high stability at 4°C and 25°C for 3 months. In conclusion, the study achieved the successful development of ISGF loading CHX-NPs formulations for effectiveness use in periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuvamin Suriyaamporn
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Nitjawan Sahatsapan
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Mont Kumpugdee-Vollrath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences (BHT), Luxemburger Street 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
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10
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Rafael D, Guerrero M, Marican A, Arango D, Sarmento B, Ferrer R, Durán-Lara EF, Clark SJ, Schwartz S. Delivery Systems in Ocular Retinopathies: The Promising Future of Intravitreal Hydrogels as Sustained-Release Scaffolds. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1484. [PMID: 37242726 PMCID: PMC10220769 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow-release delivery systems are needed to ensure long-term sustained treatments for retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, which are currently treated with anti-angiogenic agents that require frequent intraocular injections. These can cause serious co-morbidities for the patients and are far from providing the adequate drug/protein release rates and required pharmacokinetics to sustain prolonged efficacy. This review focuses on the use of hydrogels, particularly on temperature-responsive hydrogels as delivery vehicles for the intravitreal injection of retinal therapies, their advantages and disadvantages for intraocular administration, and the current advances in their use to treat retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rafael
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), 20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo Guerrero
- Bio & Nano Materials Lab, Drug Delivery and Controlled Release, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.G.); (A.M.); (E.F.D.-L.)
- Center for Nanomedicine, Diagnostic & Drug Development (ND3), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Adolfo Marican
- Bio & Nano Materials Lab, Drug Delivery and Controlled Release, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.G.); (A.M.); (E.F.D.-L.)
- Center for Nanomedicine, Diagnostic & Drug Development (ND3), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Diego Arango
- Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Group of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação, Saúde Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Roser Ferrer
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esteban F. Durán-Lara
- Bio & Nano Materials Lab, Drug Delivery and Controlled Release, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (M.G.); (A.M.); (E.F.D.-L.)
- Center for Nanomedicine, Diagnostic & Drug Development (ND3), Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Simon J. Clark
- Department for Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Simo Schwartz
- Drug Delivery & Targeting, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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11
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Wu KY, Joly-Chevrier M, Akbar D, Tran SD. Overcoming Treatment Challenges in Posterior Segment Diseases with Biodegradable Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1094. [PMID: 37111579 PMCID: PMC10142934 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior segment eye diseases present a challenge in treatment due to the complex structures in the eye that serve as robust static and dynamic barriers, limiting the penetration, residence time, and bioavailability of topical and intraocular medications. This hinders effective treatment and requires frequent dosing, such as the regular use of eye drops or visits to the ophthalmologist for intravitreal injections, to manage the disease. Moreover, the drugs must be biodegradable to minimize toxicity and adverse reactions, as well as small enough to not affect the visual axis. The development of biodegradable nano-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) can be the solution to these challenges. First, they can stay in ocular tissues for longer periods of time, reducing the frequency of drug administration. Second, they can pass through ocular barriers, offering higher bioavailability to targeted tissues that are otherwise inaccessible. Third, they can be made up of polymers that are biodegradable and nanosized. Hence, therapeutic innovations in biodegradable nanosized DDS have been widely explored for ophthalmic drug delivery applications. In this review, we will present a concise overview of DDSs utilized in the treatment of ocular diseases. We will then examine the current therapeutic challenges faced in the management of posterior segment diseases and explore how various types of biodegradable nanocarriers can enhance our therapeutic arsenal. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2017 and 2023 was conducted. Through the advances in biodegradable materials, combined with a better understanding of ocular pharmacology, the nano-based DDSs have rapidly evolved, showing great promise to overcome challenges currently encountered by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada;
| | | | - Dania Akbar
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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12
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Ow V, Chang JJ, Chooi WH, Boo YJ, Tan RPT, Wong JHM, Parikh BH, Su X, Ng SY, Loh XJ, Xue K. Orthogonally crosslinked alginate conjugate thermogels with potential for cell encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 302:120308. [PMID: 36604036 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels with more than one mode of crosslinking have gained interest due to improved control over hydrogel properties such as mechanical strength using multiple stimuli. In this work, sodium alginate was covalently conjugated onto thermoresponsive polyurethanes to prepare hybrid polymers (EPC-Alg) that are responsive to both temperature and Ca2+, forming orthogonally crosslinked hydrogels which are non-toxic to cells. Notably, the crosslinks are fully reversible, allowing for gel strength to be modulated via selective removal of either stimulus, or complete deconstruction of the hydrogel network by removing both stimuli. Higher alginate fractions increased the hydrophilicity and Ca2+ response of the EPC-Alg hydrogel, enabling tunable modulation of the thermal stability, stiffness and gelation temperatures. The EPC-Alg hydrogel could sustain protein release for a month and encapsulate neural spheroids with high cell viability after 7-day culture, demonstrating feasibility towards 3D cell encapsulation in cell-based biomedical applications such as cell encapsulation and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Chang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Wai Hon Chooi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yi Jian Boo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Rebekah P T Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Joey H M Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Bhav Harshad Parikh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), 20 College Rd, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
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13
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Naik K, Du Toit LC, Ally N, Choonara YE. Advances in Polysaccharide- and Synthetic Polymer-Based Vitreous Substitutes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:566. [PMID: 36839888 PMCID: PMC9961338 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitreous humour is a gel-like structure that composes the majority of each eye. It functions to provide passage of light, be a viscoelastic dampener, and hold the retina in place. Vitreous liquefaction causes retinal detachment and retinal tears requiring pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous substitution. An ideal vitreous substitute should display similar mechanical, chemical, and rheological properties to the natural vitreous. Currently used vitreous substitutes such as silicone oil, perfluorocarbon liquids, and gases cannot be used long-term due to adverse effects such as poor retention time, cytotoxicity, and cataract formation. Long-term, experimental vitreous substitutes composed of natural, modified and synthetic polymers are currently being studied. This review discusses current long- and short-term vitreous substitutes and the disadvantages of these that have highlighted the need for an ideal vitreous substitute. The review subsequently focuses specifically on currently used polysaccharide- and synthetic polymer-based vitreous substitutes, which may be modified or functionalised, or employed as the derivative, and discusses experimental vitreous substitutes in these classes. The advantages and challenges associated with the use of polymeric substitutes are discussed. Innovative approaches to vitreous substitution, namely a novel foldable capsular vitreous body, are presented, as well as future perspectives related to the advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti Naik
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C. Du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Naseer Ally
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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14
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Confalonieri F, Josifovska N, Boix-Lemonche G, Stene-Johansen I, Bragadottir R, Lumi X, Petrovski G. Vitreous Substitutes from Bench to the Operating Room in a Translational Approach: Review and Future Endeavors in Vitreoretinal Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3342. [PMID: 36834754 PMCID: PMC9961686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitreous substitutes are indispensable tools in vitreoretinal surgery. The two crucial functions of these substitutes are their ability to displace intravitreal fluid from the retinal surface and to allow the retina to adhere to the retinal pigment epithelium. Today, vitreoretinal surgeons can choose among a plethora of vitreous tamponades, and the tamponade of choice might be difficult to determine in the ever-expanding range of possibilities for a favorable outcome. The currently available vitreous substitutes have disadvantages that need to be addressed to improve the surgical outcome achievable today. Herein, the fundamental physical and chemical proprieties of all vitreous substitutes are reported, and their use and clinical applications are described alongside some surgical techniques of intra-operative manipulation. The major upcoming developments in vitreous substitutes are extensively discussed, keeping a translational perspective throughout. Conclusions on future perspectives are derived through an in-depth analysis of what is lacking today in terms of desired outcomes and biomaterials technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Confalonieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Natasha Josifovska
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerard Boix-Lemonche
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingar Stene-Johansen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnheidur Bragadottir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xhevat Lumi
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, 21000 Split, Croatia
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15
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Huysecom AS, Thielemans W, Moldenaers P, Cardinaels R. A Generalized Mechano-statistical Transient Network Model for Unravelling the Network Topology and Elasticity of Hydrophobically Associating Multiblock Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- An-Sofie Huysecom
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Paula Moldenaers
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200J, 3001Leuven, Belgium
- Processing and Performance of Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Eindhoven, Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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16
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Injectable PTHF-based thermogelling polyurethane implants for long-term intraocular application. Biomater Res 2022; 26:70. [PMID: 36461130 PMCID: PMC9716749 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogels show great potential to be used for intraocular applications due to their high-water content and similarity to the native vitreous. Injectable thermosensitive hydrogels through a small-bore needle can be used as a delivery system for drugs or a tamponading substitute to treat posterior eye diseases with clear clinical potential. However, none of the currently available thermosensitive hydrogels can provide intraocular support for up to 3 months or more. METHOD In this study, an injectable polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF)-based thermosensitive hydrogel was synthesized by polyurethane reaction. We examined the injectability, rheological properties, microstructure, cytotoxicity, and in vivo compatibility and stability of the hydrogels in rabbit eyes. RESULTS We found that the PTHF block type and PTHF component ratio could modulate thermogelation properties of the polyurethane polymers. The PTHF-based hydrogel implants retained normal retinal structure and function. Incorporating bioinert PTHF generated highly biocompatible and more stable thermogels in the vitreous cavity, with gel networks and the presence of polymer still observed after 3 months when other thermogels would have been completely cleared. Moreover, despite lacking hydrolytically cleavable linkages, the polymers could be most naturally removed from the native vitreous by bio-erosion without additional surgical interventions. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the potential of incorporating hydrophobic bioinert blocks to enhance the in vivo stability of supramolecularly associated hydrogels for long-term intraocular applications.
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17
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Owh C, Ow V, Lin Q, Wong JHM, Ho D, Loh XJ, Xue K. Bottom-up design of hydrogels for programmable drug release. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213100. [PMID: 36096077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a promising drug delivery system for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and similarity to native tissue. Programming the release rate from hydrogels is critical to ensure release of desired dosage over specified durations, particularly with the advent of more complicated medical regimens such as combinatorial drug therapy. While it is known how hydrogel structure affects release, the parameters that can be explicitly controlled to modulate release ab initio could be useful for hydrogel design. In this review, we first survey common physical models of hydrogel release. We then extensively go through the various input parameters that we can exercise direct control over, at the levels of synthesis, formulation, fabrication and environment. We also illustrate some examples where hydrogels can be programmed with the input parameters for temporally and spatially defined release. Finally, we discuss the exciting potential and challenges for programming release, and potential implications with the advent of machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cally Owh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Valerie Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Joey Hui Min Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, #01-30 General Office, Block N4.1, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
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18
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Schulz A, Szurman P. Vitreous Substitutes as Drug Release Systems. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:14. [PMID: 36125790 PMCID: PMC9508686 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.9.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitreous substitutes are traditionally used to stabilize the retina after vitrectomy. In recent years, various approaches have been developed for using the vitreous substitute not only as a tamponade but also as a drug release system to tackle ocular diseases. This review provides an overview of the requirements for vitreous substitutes and discusses the current clinically applied as well as novel polymer-based vitreous substitutes as drug delivery systems, including their release mechanisms, efficiencies, challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schulz
- Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
- Klaus Heimann Eye Research Institute (KHERI), Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Szurman
- Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
- Klaus Heimann Eye Research Institute (KHERI), Sulzbach/Saar, Germany
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19
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Dludla SBK, Mashabela LT, Ng’andwe B, Makoni PA, Witika BA. Current Advances in Nano-Based and Polymeric Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Targeting the Ocular Microenvironment: A Review and Envisaged Future Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173580. [PMID: 36080651 PMCID: PMC9460529 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal vision remains one of the most essential elements of the sensory system continuously threatened by many ocular pathologies. Various pharmacological agents possess the potential to effectively treat these ophthalmic conditions; however, the use and efficacy of conventional ophthalmic formulations is hindered by ocular anatomical barriers. Recent novel designs of ophthalmic drug delivery systems (DDS) using nanotechnology show promising prospects, and ophthalmic formulations based on nanotechnology are currently being investigated due to their potential to bypass these barriers to ensure successful ocular drug delivery. More recently, stimuli-responsive nano drug carriers have gained more attention based on their great potential to effectively treat and alleviate many ocular diseases. The attraction is based on their biocompatibility and biodegradability, unique secondary conformations, varying functionalities, and, especially, the stimuli-enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. This review introduces the design and fabrication of stimuli-responsive nano drug carriers, including those that are responsive to endogenous stimuli, viz., pH, reduction, reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate, and enzymes or exogenous stimuli such as light, magnetic field or temperature, which are biologically related or applicable in clinical settings. Furthermore, the paper discusses the applications and prospects of these stimuli-responsive nano drug carriers that are capable of overcoming the biological barriers of ocular disease alleviation and/or treatment for in vivo administration. There remains a great need to accelerate the development of stimuli-responsive nano drug carriers for clinical transition and applications in the treatment of ocular diseases and possible extrapolation to other topical applications such as ungual or otic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphokazi B. K. Dludla
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Leshasha T. Mashabela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Brian Ng’andwe
- University Teaching Hospitals-Eye Hospital, Private Bag RW 1 X Ridgeway, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Pedzisai A. Makoni
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Correspondence: (P.A.M.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Correspondence: (P.A.M.); (B.A.W.)
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20
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Wong JHM, Tan RPT, Chang JJ, Chan BQY, Zhao X, Cheng JJW, Yu Y, Boo YJ, Lin Q, Ow V, Su X, Lim JYC, Loh XJ, Xue K. Injectable Hybrid-Crosslinked Hydrogels as Fatigue-Resistant and Shape-Stable Skin Depots. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3698-3712. [PMID: 35998618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have gained considerable attention, but they are typically mechanically weak and subject to repeated physiological stresses in the body. Herein, we prepared polyurethane diacrylate (EPC-DA) hydrogels, which are injectable and can be photocrosslinked into fatigue-resistant implants. The mechanical properties can be tuned by changing photocrosslinking conditions, and the hybrid-crosslinked EPC-DA hydrogels exhibited high stability and sustained release properties. In contrast to common injectable hydrogels, EPC-DA hydrogels exhibited excellent antifatigue properties with >90% recovery during cyclic compression tests and showed shape stability after application of force and immersion in an aqueous buffer for 35 days. The EPC-DA hydrogel formed a shape-stable hydrogel depot in an ex vivo porcine skin model, with establishment of a temporary soft gel before in situ fixing by UV crosslinking. Hybrid crosslinking using injectable polymeric micelles or nanoparticles may be a general strategy for producing hydrogel implants resistant to physiological stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Hui Min Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
| | - Rebekah Pei Ting Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Chang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Qi Yu Chan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayce Jian Wei Cheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
| | - Yi Jian Boo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Valerie Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue, #01-30 General Office, Block N4.1, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138 634, Singapore
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21
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Seah I, Ong C, Liu Z, Su X. Polymeric biomaterials in the treatment of posterior segment diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:949543. [PMID: 36059842 PMCID: PMC9433984 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.949543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials are biological or synthetic substances which can be engineered to interact with biological systems for the diagnosis or treatment of diseases. These biomaterials have immense potential for treating eyes diseases, particularly the retina—a site of many inherited and acquired diseases. Polymeric biomaterials can be engineered to function both as an endotamponade agent and to prevent intraocular scarring in retinal detachment repair surgeries. They can also be designed as a drug delivery platform for treatment of retinal diseases. Finally, they can be used as scaffolds for cellular products and provide non-viral gene delivery solutions to the retina. This perspective article explains the role of polymeric biomaterials in the treatment of retinal conditions by highlighting recent advances being translated to clinical practice. The article will also identify potential hurdles to clinical translation as future research directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Seah
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charles Ong
- Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zengping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Xinyi Su
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22
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Liu W, Li S, Wang B, Peng P, Gao C. Physiologically Responsive Polyurethanes for Tissue Repair and Regeneration. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Shifen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Beiduo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Pai Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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23
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Tang KY, Heng JZX, Chai CHT, Chan CY, Low BQL, Chong SME, Loh HY, Li Z, Ye E, Loh XJ. Modified Bacterial Cellulose for Biomedical Applications. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200598. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Yuanting Tang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Strategic Research Initiative 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 138634 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Jerry Zhi Xiong Heng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Strategic Research Initiative 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 138634 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Casandra Hui Teng Chai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Strategic Research Initiative 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 138634 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Chui Yu Chan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Strategic Research Initiative 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 138634 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Beverly Qian Ling Low
- National University of Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Serene Ming En Chong
- Singapore Institute of Technology Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Cluster SINGAPORE
| | - Hong Yi Loh
- Nanyang Technological University Department of Materials Science and Engineering SINGAPORE
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Strategic Research Initiative 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 138634 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Strategic Research Initiative 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #8-03 138634 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Strategic Research Initiative 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 138634 Singapore SINGAPORE
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24
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Zhao X, Seah I, Xue K, Wong W, Tan QSW, Ma X, Lin Q, Lim JYC, Liu Z, Parikh BH, Mehta KN, Lai JW, Yang B, Tran KC, Barathi VA, Cheong KH, Hunziker W, Su X, Loh XJ. Antiangiogenic Nanomicelles for the Topical Delivery of Aflibercept to Treat Retinal Neovascular Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108360. [PMID: 34726299 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The traditional intravitreal injection delivery of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) to the posterior segment of the eye for treatment of retinal diseases is invasive and associated with sight-threatening complications. To avoid such complications, there has been significant interest in developing polymers for topical drug delivery to the retina. This study reports a nanomicelle drug delivery system made of a copolymer EPC (nEPCs), which is capable of delivering aflibercept to the posterior segment topically through corneal-scleral routes. EPC is composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), and polycaprolactone (PCL) segments. In this study, aflibercept-loaded nEPCs (nEPCs + A) are capable of penetrating the cornea in ex vivo porcine eye models and deliver a clinically significant amount of aflibercept to the retina in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) murine models, causing CNV regression. nEPCs + A also demonstrate biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, this study also suggests that nEPCs have intrinsic antiangiogenic properties. The ability to deliver anti-VEGF drugs and the intrinsic antiangiogenic properties of nEPCs may result in synergistic effects, which can be harnessed for effective therapeutics. nEPCs may be a promising topical anti-VEGF delivery platform for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Ivan Seah
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138 634, Singapore
| | - Wendy Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Queenie Shu Woon Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138 634, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138 634, Singapore
| | - Zengping Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Bhav Harshad Parikh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Karishma N Mehta
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT), SIT@Dover, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore, 138 683, Singapore
| | - Joel Weijia Lai
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487 372, Singapore
| | - Binxia Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Kim Chi Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy Amutha Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program in Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169 857, Singapore
| | - Kang Hao Cheong
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487 372, Singapore
- SUTD-Massachusetts Institute of Technology International Design Centre, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487 372, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138 673, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 7, Singapore, 119 228, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138 634, Singapore
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25
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Braegelman AS, Ollier RC, Su B, Addonizio CJ, Zou L, Cole SL, Webber MJ. Macromolecular Solute Transport in Supramolecular Hydrogels Spanning Dynamic to Quasi-Static States. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:10.1021/acsabm.2c00165. [PMID: 35623099 PMCID: PMC10019485 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels prepared from supramolecular cross-linking motifs are appealing for use as biomaterials and drug delivery technologies. The inclusion of macromolecules (e.g., protein therapeutics) in these materials is relevant to many of their intended uses. However, the impact of dynamic network cross-linking on macromolecule diffusion must be better understood. Here, hydrogel networks with identical topology but disparate cross-link dynamics are explored. These materials are prepared from cross-linking with host-guest complexes of the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) macrocycle and two guests of different affinity. Rheology confirms differences in bulk material dynamics arising from differences in cross-link thermodynamics. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) provides insight into macromolecule diffusion as a function of probe molecular weight and hydrogel network dynamics. Together, both rheology and FRAP enable the estimation of the mean network mesh size, which is then related to the solute hydrodynamic diameters to further understand macromolecule diffusion. Interestingly, the thermodynamics of host-guest cross-linking are correlated with a marked deviation from classical diffusion behavior for higher molecular weight probes, yielding solute aggregation in high-affinity networks. These studies offer insights into fundamental macromolecular transport phenomena as they relate to the association dynamics of supramolecular networks. Translation of these materials from in vitro to in vivo is also assessed by bulk release of an encapsulated macromolecule. Contradictory in vitro to in vivo results with inverse relationships in release between the two hydrogels underscores the caution demanded when translating supramolecular biomaterials into application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Braegelman
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- University of Notre Dame, Bioengineering PhD Program, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Rachel C. Ollier
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Bo Su
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Christopher J. Addonizio
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Lei Zou
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Sara L. Cole
- University of Notre Dame, Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
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26
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Lin Q, Ow V, Boo YJ, Teo VTA, Wong JHM, Tan RPT, Xue K, Lim JYC, Loh XJ. Branched PCL-Based Thermogelling Copolymers: Controlling Polymer Architecture to Tune Drug Release Profiles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:864372. [PMID: 35433644 PMCID: PMC9006874 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.864372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-responsive hydrogels, or thermogels, are a unique class of biomaterials that show facile and spontaneous transition from solution to gel when warmed. Their high biocompatibility, and ease of formulation with both small molecule drugs and biologics have made these materials prime candidates as injectable gel depots for sustained local drug delivery. At present, controlling the kinetics and profile of drug release from thermogels is achieved mainly by varying the ratio of hydrophobic: hydrophilic composition and the polymer molecular weight. Herein, we introduce polymer branching as a hitherto-overlooked polymer design parameter that exhibits profound influences on the rate and profile of drug release. Through a family of amphiphilic thermogelling polymers with systematic variations in degree of branching, we demonstrate that more highly-branched polymers are able to pack less efficiently with each other during thermogel formation, with implications on their physical properties and stability towards gel erosion. This in turn resulted in faster rates of release for both encapsulated small molecule hydrophobic drug and protein. Our results demonstrate the possibility of exploiting polymer branching as a hitherto-overlooked design parameter for tailoring the kinetics and profile of drug release in injectable thermogel depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Lin
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Jian Boo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincent T. A. Teo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey H. M. Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebekah P. T. Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Y. C. Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Jason Y. C. Lim, ; Xian Jun Loh,
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Jason Y. C. Lim, ; Xian Jun Loh,
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27
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Ow V, Loh XJ. Recent developments of temperature‐responsive polymers for ophthalmic applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
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28
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Wolf AT, Harris A, Oddone F, Siesky B, Vercellin AV, Ciulla TA. Disease progression pathways of wet AMD: opportunities for new target discovery. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:5-12. [PMID: 35060431 PMCID: PMC8915198 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness among people age 60 years or older in developed countries. Current standard-of-care anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, which inhibits angiogenesis and vascular permeability, has been shown to stabilize choroidal neovascularization and increase visual acuity in neovascular AMD. However, therapeutic limitations of anti-VEGF therapy include limited durability with consequent need for frequent intravitreal injections, and a ceiling of efficacy. Current strategies under investigation include targeting VEGF-C and VEGF-D, integrins, tyrosine kinase receptors, and the Tie2/angiopoietin-2 pathway. A literature search was conducted through November 30, 2021 on PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and associated digital platforms with the following keywords: wet macular degeneration, age-related macular degeneration, therapy, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, integrins, Tie2/Ang2, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. AREAS COVERED The authors provide a comprehensive review of AMD disease pathways and mechanisms involved in wet AMD as well as novel targets for future therapies. EXPERT OPINION With novel targets and advancements in drug delivery, there is potential to address treatment burden and to improve outcomes for patients afflicted with neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber T. Wolf
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alon Harris
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Brent Siesky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Thomas A. Ciulla
- Vitreoretinal Medicine and Surgery, Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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29
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Lin Q, Liu Z, Wong DSL, Lim CC, Liu CK, Guo L, Zhao X, Boo YJ, Wong JHM, Tan RPT, Xue K, Lim JYC, Su X, Loh XJ. High molecular weight hyper-branched PCL-based thermogelling vitreous endotamponades. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121262. [PMID: 34810039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitreous endotamponades play essential roles in facilitating retina recovery following vitreoretinal surgery, yet existing clinically standards are suboptimal as they can cause elevated intra-ocular pressure, temporary loss of vision, and cataracts while also requiring prolonged face-down positioning and removal surgery. These drawbacks have spurred the development of next-generation vitreous endotamponades, of which supramolecular hydrogels capable of in-situ gelation have emerged as top contenders. Herein, we demonstrate thermogels formed from hyper-branched amphiphilic copolymers as effective transparent and biodegradable vitreous endotamponades for the first time. These hyper-branched copolymers are synthesised via polyaddition of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, poly(ε-caprolactone)-diol, and glycerol (branch inducing moiety) with hexamethylene diisocyanate. The hyper-branched thermogels are injected as sols and undergo spontaneous gelation when warmed to physiological temperatures in rabbit eyes. We found that polymers with an optimal degree of hyper-branching showed excellent biocompatibility and was able to maintain retinal function with minimal atrophy and inflammation, even at absolute molecular weights high enough to cause undesirable in-vivo effects for their linear counterparts. The hyper-branched thermogel is cleared naturally from the vitreous through surface hydrogel erosion and negates surgical removal. Our findings expand the scope of polymer architectures suitable for in-vivo intraocular therapeutic applications beyond linear constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Lin
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 119077, Singapore
| | - Zengping Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level, 7119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, 169856, Singapore
| | - Daniel S L Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level, 7119228, Singapore
| | - Chen Chuan Lim
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Connie K Liu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Liangfeng Guo
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yi Jian Boo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Joey H M Wong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Rebekah P T Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Xinyi Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level, 7119228, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), The Academia, 20 College Road, Level 6 Discovery Tower, 169856, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Hospital (NUH), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, NUH Medical Centre, Level 17, 119074, Singapore.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, #01-30 General Office, Block N4.1, 639798, Singapore.
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30
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Wei Chien S, Tay JJM, Chee CPT, Jun Loh X, Fam DWH, Lim JYC. Halide Salt-Catalyzed Crosslinked Polyurethanes for Supercapacitor Gel Electrolyte Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3237-3243. [PMID: 34232551 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gel polymer electrolytes are an important advancement in energy storage technology due to their enhanced safety and practical ionic conductivities at ambient temperatures. Herein, a simple one-step facile synthesis of chemically crosslinked polyurethanes containing polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) macromolecular segments was developed, using ubiquitous non-toxic tetrabutylammonium or potassium chloride and bromide salts as catalysts. These salts were shown to catalyze the gelation of diol-diisocyanate polyaddition reactions within minutes. When impregnated with a liquid electrolyte, the resulting gel electrolyte exhibited a practical ionic conductivity of 1.1×10-4 S cm-1 at 40 °C and low segmental chain motion activation energy (11 kJ mol-1 ). These findings further promote PEO-PPO polyurethanes as a biocompatible class of materials suitable for further exploration as gel polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau Wei Chien
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jacob J M Tay
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Celestine P T Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Derrick W H Fam
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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31
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Zhang K, Xue K, Loh XJ. Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels: From Recent Progress to Biomedical Applications. Gels 2021; 7:77. [PMID: 34202514 PMCID: PMC8293033 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogels are also known as thermo-sensitive or thermo-responsive hydrogels and can undergo a sol-gel transition as the temperature increases. This thermogelling behavior is the result of combined action from multiscale thermo-responsive mechanisms. From micro to macro, these mechanisms can be attributed to LCST behavior, micellization, and micelle aggregation of thermogelling polymers. Due to its facile phase conversion properties, thermogels are injectable yet can form an in situ gel in the human body. Thermogels act as a useful platform biomaterial that operates at physiological body temperatures. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent progress in thermogel research, including investigations on the thermogel gelation mechanism and its applications in drug delivery, 3D cell culture, and tissue engineering. The review also discusses emerging directions in the study of thermogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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32
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Lin X, Wu X, Chen X, Wang B, Xu W. Intellective and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120591. [PMID: 33845152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have attracted widespread attention in recent years since they can control drug release in a spatiotemporal manner and can achieve tunable drug release according to patient's physiological or pathological condition. In this review, we briefly introduce the drug delivery barriers and drug delivery systems in the anterior and posterior segment of eyes, and collect the recent advances in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes for controlled drug release in response to exogenous stimuli (ultrasound, magnetic stimulus, electrical stimulus, and light) or endogenous stimuli (enzyme, active oxygen species, temperature, ions, and pH). In addition, the design and mechanisms of the stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been summarized in this review, and the advantages and limitations are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Lin
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xingdi Wu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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33
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Schulz A, Januschowski K, Szurman P. Novel vitreous substitutes: the next frontier in vitreoretinal surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2021; 32:288-293. [PMID: 33630788 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW After removing the native vitreous during vitreoretinal surgery, an adequate substitute is required to ensure homeostasis of the eye. Current clinically used endotamponades (silicone oil, gases, semifluorinated alkanes) are effective in promoting retinal reattachment, but lead to complications such as emulsification, prolonged inflammation, blurred vision, raised intraocular pressure, cataract formation or the need for revision surgery. The aim of this review is to provide an update on novel vitreous substitutes with a focus on polymer-based systems. RECENT FINDINGS Polymeric hydrogels provide favourable properties such as high water content, optical transparency, suitable refractive indices and densities, adjustable rheological properties, injectability, biocompatibility and their ability to tamponade the retina via viscosity and swelling pressure, comparable to the native human vitreous body. Here, vitreous replacement strategies can be divided into chemically or physically crosslinked hydrogel systems that are applied as preformed or in-situ gelling matrices. SUMMARY Several hydrogel-based vitreous substitutes have already been positively evaluated in preclinical tests and have the potential to enter the clinical phase soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schulz
- Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar
- Klaus Heimann Eye Research Institute, An der Klinik 10, Sulzbach
| | - Kai Januschowski
- Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar
- Klaus Heimann Eye Research Institute, An der Klinik 10, Sulzbach
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Szurman
- Eye Clinic Sulzbach, Knappschaft Hospital Saar
- Klaus Heimann Eye Research Institute, An der Klinik 10, Sulzbach
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34
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Bang HJ, Ahn MR. Antiangiogenic effect of pinobanksin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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35
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Yu Y, Xu S, Li S, Pan H. Genipin-cross-linked hydrogels based on biomaterials for drug delivery: a review. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1583-1597. [PMID: 33443245 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Genipin is a naturally occurring nontoxic cross-linker, which has been widely used for drug delivery due to its excellent biocompatibility, admirable biodegradability and stable cross-linked attributes. These advantages led to its extensive application in the fabrication of hydrogels for drug delivery. This review describes the physicochemical characteristics and pharmacological activities of genipin and attempts to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of the cross-linking reaction between genipin and biomaterials. The current article entails a general review of the different biomaterials cross-linked by genipin: chitosan and its derivatives, collagen, gelatin, etc. The genipin-cross-linked hydrogels for various pharmaceutical applications, including ocular drug delivery, buccal drug delivery, oral drug delivery, anti-inflammatory drug delivery, and antibiotic and antifungal drug delivery, are reported. Finally, the future research directions and challenges of genipin-cross-linked hydrogels for pharmaceutical applications are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China. and Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sanming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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36
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Yu Y, Cheng Y, Tong J, Zhang L, Wei Y, Tian M. Recent advances in thermo-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2979-2992. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-sensitive hydrogels based on different polymers have been broadly used in the pharmaceutical fields. In this review, the state-of-the-art thermo-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery are elaborated
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Junye Tong
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Yen Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
- Zhejiang, 310009
- China
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Xue K, Liu Z, Lin Q, Lim JYC, Tang KY, Wong SL, Parikh BH, Su X, Loh XJ. PCL-Based Thermogelling Polymer: Molecular Weight Effects on Its Suitability as Vitreous Tamponade. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:9043-9053. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Zengping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 7, 119228 Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, 138673 Singapore
| | - Qianyu Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
| | - Jason Y. C. Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Karen Yuanting Tang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
| | - Soo Lin Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 7, 119228 Singapore
| | - Bhav Harshad Parikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 7, 119228 Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, 138673 Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 7, 119228 Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, 138673 Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575 Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751 Singapore
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38
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Jemni-Damer N, Guedan-Duran A, Fuentes-Andion M, Serrano-Bengoechea N, Alfageme-Lopez N, Armada-Maresca F, Guinea GV, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Rojo F, Gonzalez-Nieto D, Kaplan DL, Panetsos F. Biotechnology and Biomaterial-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Part I: Biomaterials-Based Drug Delivery Devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:549089. [PMID: 33224926 PMCID: PMC7670958 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.549089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is an up-to-date untreatable chronic neurodegenerative eye disease of multifactorial origin, and the main causes of blindness in over 65 years old people. It is characterized by a slow progression and the presence of a multitude of factors, highlighting those related to diet, genetic heritage and environmental conditions, present throughout each of the stages of the illness. Current therapeutic approaches, mainly consisting of intraocular drug delivery, are only used for symptoms relief and/or to decelerate the progression of the disease. Furthermore, they are overly simplistic and ignore the complexity of the disease and the enormous differences in the symptomatology between patients. Due to the wide impact of the AMD and the up-to-date absence of clinical solutions, the development of biomaterials-based approaches for a personalized and controlled delivery of therapeutic drugs and biomolecules represents the main challenge for the defeat of this neurodegenerative disease. Here we present a critical review of the available and under development AMD therapeutic approaches, from a biomaterials and biotechnological point of view. We highlight benefits and limitations and we forecast forthcoming alternatives based on novel biomaterials and biotechnology methods. In the first part we expose the physiological and clinical aspects of the disease, focusing on the multiple factors that give origin to the disorder and highlighting the contribution of these factors to the triggering of each step of the disease. Then we analyze available and under development biomaterials-based drug-delivery devices (DDD), taking into account the anatomical and functional characteristics of the healthy and ill retinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Jemni-Damer
- Neuro-Computing and Neuro-Robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Atocha Guedan-Duran
- Neuro-Computing and Neuro-Robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - María Fuentes-Andion
- Neuro-Computing and Neuro-Robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Serrano-Bengoechea
- Neuro-Computing and Neuro-Robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Alfageme-Lopez
- Neuro-Computing and Neuro-Robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Material Science, Civil Engineering Superior School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Material Science, Civil Engineering Superior School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rojo
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Material Science, Civil Engineering Superior School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Nieto
- Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neuro-Computing and Neuro-Robotics Research Group, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Innovation Group, Institute for Health Research San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Polymeric hydrogels as a vitreous replacement strategy in the eye. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120547. [PMID: 33307366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitreous endo-tamponades are commonly used in the treatment of retinal detachments and tears. They function by providing a tamponading force to support the retina after retina surgery. Current clinical vitreous endo-tamponades include expansile gases (such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and perfluoropropane (C3F8)) and also sislicone oil (SiO). They are effective in promoting recovery but are disadvantaged by their lower refractive indices and lower densities as compared to the native vitreous, resulting in immediate blurred vision after surgery and necessitating patients to assume prolonged face-down positioning respectively. While the gas implants diffuse out over time, the SiO implants are non-biodegradable and require surgical removal. Therefore, there is much demand to develop an ideal vitreous endo-tamponade that can combine therapeutic effectiveness with patient comfort. Polymeric hydrogels have since attracted much attention due to their favourable properties such as high water content, high clarity, suitable refractive indices, suitable density, tuneable rheological properties, injectability, and biocompatibility. Many design strategies have been employed to design polymeric hydrogel-based vitreous endo-tamponades and they can be classified into four main strategies. This review seeks to analyse these various strategies and evaluate their effectiveness and also propose the key criteria to design successful polymeric hydrogel vitreous endo-tamponades.
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40
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Lin Q, Lim JYC, Xue K, Chee CPT, Loh XJ. Supramolecular thermogels from branched PCL-containing polyurethanes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39109-39120. [PMID: 35518420 PMCID: PMC9057440 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogels are temperature-responsive hydrogels which are most commonly formed by supramolecular self-assembly of polymer amphiphiles comprising of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments. Although polyurethane thermogels have shown great promise as biomaterials, their synthesis by step-growth polymerisation of diols and diisocyanates can also result in formation of allophanate branches, which arise from the reaction between free isocyanate groups and urethane linkages along the polymer backbone. In this paper, we investigate the effects of different synthetic conditions on the degree of allophanate branching on polyurethane amphiphiles, and explore the influences of these branches on the polymers' critical micelle concentration (CMC), thermodynamics of micellization and subsequent thermogel properties. Our findings offer new insights into the relationship between polymer structure, micelle and gel properties. These results highlight the importance of taking polymer branching into account for understanding the hierarchical self-assembly of polymer amphiphiles and the resulting thermogel properties and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Lin
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd Singapore 119077
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Soft Materials Department Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Address: 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis Singapore 138634
| | - Kun Xue
- Soft Materials Department Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Address: 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis Singapore 138634
| | - Celestine P T Chee
- Soft Materials Department Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Address: 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis Singapore 138634
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Soft Materials Department Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) Address: 2 Fusionopolis Way Innovis Singapore 138634
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41
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Ibeanu N, Egbu R, Onyekuru L, Javaheri H, Tee Khaw P, R. Williams G, Brocchini S, Awwad S. Injectables and Depots to Prolong Drug Action of Proteins and Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E999. [PMID: 33096803 PMCID: PMC7589296 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides have emerged in recent years to treat a wide range of multifaceted diseases such as cancer, diabetes and inflammation. The emergence of polypeptides has yielded advancements in the fields of biopharmaceutical production and formulation. Polypeptides often display poor pharmacokinetics, limited permeability across biological barriers, suboptimal biodistribution, and some proclivity for immunogenicity. Frequent administration of polypeptides is generally required to maintain adequate therapeutic levels, which can limit efficacy and compliance while increasing adverse reactions. Many strategies to increase the duration of action of therapeutic polypeptides have been described with many clinical products having been developed. This review describes approaches to optimise polypeptide delivery organised by the commonly used routes of administration. Future innovations in formulation may hold the key to the continued successful development of proteins and peptides with optimal clinical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkiruka Ibeanu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Raphael Egbu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Lesley Onyekuru
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Hoda Javaheri
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Peng Tee Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Steve Brocchini
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Sahar Awwad
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (N.I.); (R.E.); (L.O.); (H.J.); (G.R.W.); (S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
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42
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Bisht R, Nirmal S, Agrawal R, Jain GK, Nirmal J. Injectable in-situ gel depot system for targeted delivery of biologics to the retina. J Drug Target 2020; 29:46-59. [PMID: 32729731 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1803886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In current clinical settings, frequent intravitreal (IVT) injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors are used due to their short in-vivo half-life and rapid clearance from the back of the eye. The IVT injections are associated with pain, risk of infection, retinal detachment, and financial burden. Biologics molecules can undergo physical, chemical, and enzymatic degradation during formulation development and in the biological environment. Moreover, the complex ocular structures also act as a rate-limiting barrier for these biologics. Thus, delivering stable and clinically relevant biologics concentration to the back of the eye is still a challenge. Compare to other drug delivery platforms, injectable in-situ gelling depot systems (IISGDs) have emerged as an effective system for biologics delivery. In this review, we have discussed various biologics used in ocular therapeutics and their associated challenges. Different routes of delivery and associated tissue barriers are also discussed. Different types of IISGDs developed to date for biologics delivery to the back of the eye were also covered. To conclude, various critical parameters related to the formulation development process and injectable depot systems that need careful consideration and further investigations were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sonali Nirmal
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Incozen Therapeutics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, India (Current affiliation)
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaurav K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayabalan Nirmal
- Department of Pharmacy, Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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43
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Chen C, Huang K, Zhu J, Bi Y, Wang L, Jiang J, Zhu T, Yan X, Zhao J. A novel elastic and controlled-release poly(ether-ester-urethane)urea scaffold for cartilage regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4106-4121. [PMID: 32253395 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02754h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the tissue engineering of cartilage, scaffolds with appropriate elasticity and controlled-release properties are essential. Herein, we synthesized a poly(ether-ester-urethane)urea scaffold with a pendant amino group (PEEUUN) through a de-protection process from PEEUU-Boc polymers and grafted kartogenin (KGN) onto the PEEUUN scaffolds (PEEUUN-KGN). Characterization, performance tests, scaffold biocompatibility analysis, and chondrogenesis evaluation both in vitro and in vivo were conducted. The results revealed that the PEEUUN-KGN scaffolds were degradable and three-dimensional (3D) with interconnected pores, and possessed good elasticity, as well as excellent cytocompatibility. Meanwhile, KGN on the PEEUUN-KGN scaffolds underwent stable sustained release for a long time and promoted human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) to differentiate into chondrocytes in vitro, thus enhancing cartilage regeneration in vivo. In conclusion, the present PEEUUN-KGN scaffolds would have application potential for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang'an Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Use of biomaterials for sustained delivery of anti-VEGF to treat retinal diseases. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1341-1356. [PMID: 32001821 PMCID: PMC7376230 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) have become the most common treatment modality for many retinal diseases. These include neovascular age-related macular degeneration (n-AMD), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and retinal vein occlusions (RVO). However, these drugs are administered via intravitreal injections that are associated with sight-threatening complications. The most feared of these complications is endophthalmitis, a severe infection of the eye with extremely poor visual outcomes. Patients with retinal diseases typically have to undergo multiple injections before achieving the desired therapeutic effect. Each injection incurs the risk of the sight-threatening complications. As such, there has been great interest in developing sustained delivery platforms for anti-VEGF agents to the posterior segment of the eye. In recent years, there have been various strategies that have been conceptualised. These include non-biodegradable implants, nano-formulations and hydrogels. In this review, the barriers of drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye will be explained. The characteristics of an ideal sustained delivery platform will then be discussed. Finally, the current available strategies will be analysed with the above-mentioned characteristics in mind to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each sustained drug delivery modality. Through the above, this review attempts to provide an overview of the sustained delivery platforms in their various phases of development.
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Nguyen DD, Lai JY. Advancing the stimuli response of polymer-based drug delivery systems for ocular disease treatment. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent exploitations of stimuli-responsive polymers as ophthalmic drug delivery systems for the treatment of eye diseases are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Dung Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan 33302
- Republic of China
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan 33302
- Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology
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Xue K, Liu Z, Jiang L, Kai D, Li Z, Su X, Loh XJ. A new highly transparent injectable PHA-based thermogelling vitreous substitute. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:926-936. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transparency is an important criterion for the application of biomaterials to the eye and essential for use as a vitreous substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xue
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Singapore
| | - Zengping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Lu Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138634
- Singapore
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Hernández-Romero IA, Guerra-Calderas L, Salgado-Albarrán M, Maldonado-Huerta T, Soto-Reyes E. The Regulatory Roles of Non-coding RNAs in Angiogenesis and Neovascularization From an Epigenetic Perspective. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1091. [PMID: 31709179 PMCID: PMC6821677 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial process for organ morphogenesis and growth during development, and it is especially relevant during the repair of wounded tissue in adults. It is coordinated by an equilibrium of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors; nevertheless, when affected, it promotes several diseases. Lately, a growing body of evidence is indicating that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, play critical roles in angiogenesis. These ncRNAs can act in cis or trans and alter gene transcription by several mechanisms including epigenetic processes. In the following pages, we will discuss the functions of ncRNAs in the regulation of angiogenesis and neovascularization, both in normal and disease contexts, from an epigenetic perspective. Additionally, we will describe the contribution of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques to the discovery and understanding of the role of ncRNAs in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Natural Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico
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