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Wang SL, Li XW, Xu W, Yu QY, Fang SM. Advances of regenerated and functionalized silk biomaterials and application in skin wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128024. [PMID: 37972830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The cocoon silk of silkworms (Bombyx mori) has multiple potential applications in biomedicine due to its good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, degradability, and plasticity. Numerous studies have confirmed that silk material dressings are more effective than traditional ones in the skin wound healing process. Silk material research has recently moved toward functionalized biomaterials and achieved remarkable results. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in functionalized silk materials and their efficacy in skin wound healing. In particular, transgenic technology has realized the specific expression of human growth factors in the silk glands of the silkworms, which lays the foundation for fabricating novel and low-cost functionalized materials. Without a green and safe preparation process, the best raw silk materials cannot be made into medically safe products. Therefore, we provide an overview of green and gentle approaches for silk degumming and silk sericin (SS) extraction. Moreover, we summarize and discuss the processing methods of silk fibroin (SF) and SS materials and their potential applications, such as burns, diabetic wounds, and other wounds. This review aims to enhance our understanding of new advances and directions in silk materials and guide future biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lan Wang
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 40 Daomenkou St., District Yuzhong, Chongqing 400011, China
| | - Quan-You Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Shou-Min Fang
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China.
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Wang R, Wang Y, Song J, Tian C, Jing X, Zhao P, Xia Q. A novel method for silkworm cocoons self-degumming and its effect on silk fibers. J Adv Res 2023; 53:87-98. [PMID: 36572337 PMCID: PMC10658416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional hot-alkaline cocoon degumming techniques greatly weaken the physicochemical and mechanical properties of silk fibroin fiber, thus affecting the quality of silk fabric. Moreover, it causes massive energy waste and serious environmental pollution. OBJECTIVE This study aims to establish a novel cocoon self-degumming method by genetic modification of silkworm varieties and silk fibers. METHODS The self-degummed cocoon material was generated by specifically overexpressing trypsinogen protein in the sericin layer of silk thread; the effect of cocoon self-degumming method was evaluated by the degumming rate of sericin protein, the cleanliness and equivalent diameter of silk fibroin fiber; the basic characteristics of silk fibroin fiber degummed by cocoon self-degumming method and conventional hot-alkaline degumming technique were determined by electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and tensile tests; the composition and biological activity of degummed sericin protein was respectively analyzed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry and cytological experiments. RESULTS The genetically engineered self-degumming cocoon containing trypsinogen protein was successfully created, and the content of trypsinogen protein in silk was 47.14 ± 0.90 mg/g. The sericin protein in the self-degumming cocoon was removed out in water or 1 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH = 8.0). Compared to alkaline-degummed silk fibroin, self-degummed silk fibroin had better cleanliness, thicker equivalent diameter, more complete silk structure and better mechanical property. In addition, sericin protein degummed from self-degumming cocoons significantly promoted cell proliferation and caused no obvious cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Compared to conventional hot-alkaline degumming technique, the cocoon self-degumming method by genetically overexpressing trypsinogen protein in sericin layer of silk thread can self-degummed in a mild degumming condition, and gain silk fiber with better quality and more biologically active sericin protein products. This strategy can not only reduce the environmental impact, but also generate greater economic value, which will accelerate its application in the silk and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Sigaroodi F, Rahmani M, Parandakh A, Boroumand S, Rabbani S, Khani MM. Designing cardiac patches for myocardial regeneration–a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2023.2180510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Sigaroodi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Rahmani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Parandakh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safieh Boroumand
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Khani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xu S, Yang Q, Wang R, Tian C, Ji Y, Tan H, Zhao P, Kaplan DL, Wang F, Xia Q. Genetically engineered pH-responsive silk sericin nanospheres with efficient therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis. Acta Biomater 2022; 144:81-95. [PMID: 35288310 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and lactoferrin (LF) is a promising protein drug to treat UC. However, targeted LF delivery to optimize bioavailability, targeting and effectiveness remains a challenge. Here, we report an effective strategy to fabricate silk sericin nanospheres systems for the delivery of recombinant human lactoferrin (SS-NS-rhLF). The system is based on the use of optimized transgenic silkworms to generate genetically engineered silk fibers (rhLF-silks). The rhLF silks were used for fabricating SS-NS-rhLF by ethanol precipitation. The SS-NS-rhLF were stable with a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 123 nm. The negatively charged sericins in a pH ≥ 5.5 environment achieved specific targeting of the SS-NS-rhLF to positively charged colonic sites. The SS-NS-rhLF achieved efficient uptake by cells in the inflamed colon of mice when compared to free lactoferrin in solution (SOL-rhLF). Furthermore, oral administration of the SS-NS-rhLF with low dose of rhLF significantly relived symptoms of UC in mice and achieved comparable therapeutic effect to the high dose of SOL-rhLF by supporting the reformation of cell structure and length of colon tissue, reducing the release of inflammatory factors, inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, and maintaining a stable intestinal microbial population in mice. These results showed that the SS-NS-rhLF is a promising system for colitis treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting and effective delivery of multiple biological functional protein human lactoferrin (rhLF) is a promising strategy to treat ulcerative colitis in the clinic. Here, rhLF-transgenic silk cocoons were used to fabricate a rhLF-sericin nanosphere delivery system (SS-NS-rhLF). The fabricated SS-NS-rhLF showed identical spherical morphology, stable structure, sustainable rhLF release, efficient cell uptake and negative charge in an environment of pH above 5.5, thus realized the specific targeting to the positively charged colonic sites to treat UC mice through oral administration. The therapeutic effect of SS-NS-rhLF with a low rhLF dose in the UC mice was comparable to the high dose of free rhLF treatment in solution form, suggesting that the SS-NS-rhLF is a promising system for colitis treatment.
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Fu Z, Li W, Wei J, Yao K, Wang Y, Yang P, Li G, Yang Y, Zhang L. Construction and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Fibroin/Sericin-Based Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1494-1505. [PMID: 35230824 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because tissue responses to implants determine the success or failure of tissue engineering products, fibroin/sericin-based scaffolds including bionic silk scaffolds, native silk fibers, fibroin fibers, and regenerated fibroin have been fabricated, and their biocompatibility was investigated. Fibroin/sericin-based scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Bionic silk scaffolds were beneficial to silk fiber formation through self-assembly. Histological and immunofluorescent staining analysis demonstrated that bionic silk scaffolds did not show significant inflammatory responses. Immunization analysis showed that soluble fibroin and sericin did not show obvious immunogenicity. This work supplied an effective approach to design fibroin/sericin-based scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Ke Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Pengxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Luzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
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Xu S, Tan H, Yang Q, Wang R, Tian C, Ji Y, Zhao P, Xia Q, Wang F. Fabrication of a Silk Sericin Hydrogel System Delivering Human Lactoferrin Using Genetically Engineered Silk with Improved Bioavailability to Alleviate Chemotherapy-Induced Immunosuppression. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45175-45190. [PMID: 34525798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for cancer; however, it usually causes severe atrophy of immune organs and self-immunity damage to patients. Human lactoferrin (hLF) is a multiple biofunctional protein in regulating the immune response and thus holds great promise to alleviate chemotherapy-caused immunosuppression. However, a sufficient hLF resource and efficient delivery of hLF remain a challenge. Here, we provide a useful strategy to simultaneously solve these two problems. A silk sericin hydrogel system delivering recombinant hLF (SSH-rhLF) was fabricated to alleviate the chemotherapeutic drug-caused side effects by rhLF-carrying silk cocoons, which were cost-effectively produced by a transgenic silkworm strain as the resource. SSH-rhLF with a uniform porous microstructural morphology, a dominant β-sheet internal structure, adjustable concentration and sustainable release of the rhLF, and non-cytotoxicity properties was demonstrated. Interestingly, the sericin hydrogel showed effective protection of the rhLF from degradation in the stomach and small intestine, thus prolonging the bioactivity and bioavailability of rhLF. As a result, the oral administration of SSH-rhLF with a low rhLF dose showed significant therapeutic effects on enhancing the immune organs of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated mice by protecting the splenic follicles, promoting the expression of immunoregulatory factors, and recovering the intestinal flora family from CTX-induced imbalance, which were similar to those achieved by oral administration of a high dose of free hLF in the solution form. The results suggest that the strategy of producing rhLF silk cocoons via feeding transgenic silkworms overcomes well the shortage of rhLF resources, improves the bioavailability of oral rhLF, and alleviates the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on immune organs. The oral SSH-rhLF will be promising for applications in cancer chemotherapy and immunity enhancement of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Riyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yanting Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology, Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Wu M, Huang S, Ye X, Ruan J, Zhao S, Ye J, Zhong B. Human epidermal growth factor-functionalized cocoon silk with improved cell proliferation activity for the fabrication of wound dressings. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:722-730. [PMID: 33663262 DOI: 10.1177/0885328221997981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) is a key factor involved in wound healing owing to its powerful ability to stimulate cell proliferation. In this study, we used piggyBac transposon technology to produce transgenic silkworms expressing the hEGF protein fused to truncated heavy chain (FibH-hEGF). The FibH-hEGF fusion protein was successfully expressed and secreted into silkworm cocoons. Compared to wild-type silk, the transgenic silkworm silk had the similar morphology about silks fiber surface and cocoon nets, while the secondary structure between the transgenic silk and wild-type silk was different. Most importantly, transgenic silkworm cocoon silk powder extract significantly increased human fibroblast FIB cell proliferation for a long duration with no apparent cytotoxicity. Our study provides a promising method for obtaining cost-effective and functional biomaterials for the fabrication of wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Wu
- College of Animal Science, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenyu Huang
- College of Animal Science, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaogang Ye
- College of Animal Science, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghua Ruan
- College of Animal Science, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- College of Animal Science, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Ye
- College of Animal Science, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boxiong Zhong
- College of Animal Science, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang F, Guo C, Yang Q, Li C, Zhao P, Xia Q, Kaplan DL. Protein composites from silkworm cocoons as versatile biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:180-192. [PMID: 33249226 PMCID: PMC8268066 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silk is a naturally occurring biopolymer formed into fibers composed primarily of fibroin and sericin proteins. The outstanding mechanical properties of silk fibroin (SF) provides numerous applications for silk-based biomaterials. However, the canonical approaches for fabricating silk-based biomaterials typically involve degumming to remove the silk sericin (SS) to avoid adverse biological effects. Meanwhile, sericin has multiple biological functions including outstanding hydrophilicity, promoting cell attachment that are useful to exploit in new materials, inspiring the use of sericin-based biomaterials for biomedical applications. However, compared to fibroin, sericin is not a structural protein, thus sericin-based materials do not provide robust mechanical properties. To address this problem, we report an effective method for fabricating silk fibroin-sericin protein (SS-SF) composites directly from whole cocoons, negating the traditional extraction step to remove the sericin. This approach combines the material features from both fibroin as a structural unit and sericin as a biological functional unit, to achieve advantages regarding processing and materials properties, not only simplifying processing and maintaining the mechanical properties of the fibroin by avoiding degumming, but also endowing these SS-SF composite materials with enhanced hydrophilicity and cell adhesion performance to promote cell growth and proliferation. In addition, these protein composites could be fabricated into a variety of materials formats (e.g. films, sponges, monoliths) to fit different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Chengchen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, PR China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Transdermal peptide conjugated to human connective tissue growth factor with enhanced cell proliferation and hyaluronic acid synthesis activities produced by a silkworm silk gland bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9979-9990. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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