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Nulakani NVR, Ali MA. Unveiling the chemical kinetics of aminomethanol (NH 2CH 2OH): insights into O . H and O 2 photo-oxidation reactions and formamide dominance. Front Chem 2024; 12:1407355. [PMID: 38873406 PMCID: PMC11169873 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1407355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminomethanol is released into the atmosphere through various sources, including biomass burning. In this study, we have expounded the chemical kinetics of aminomethanol in the reaction pathways initiated by the hydroxyl radical (O ˙ H) with the aid of ab initio//density functional theory (DFT) i.e., coupled-cluster theory (CCSD(T))//hybrid-DFT (M06-2X/6-311++G (3df, 3pd). We have explored various possible directions of theO ˙ H radical on aminomethanol, as well as the formation of distinct pre-reactive complexes. Our computational findings reveal that the H transfer necessitates activation energies ranging from 4.1 to 6.5 kcal/mol from the -CH2 group, 3.5-6.5 kcal/mol from the -NH2 group and 7-9.3 kcal/mol from the -OH group of three rotational conformers. The H transfer from -CH2, -NH2 and -OH exhibits an estimated total rate constant (k OH) of approximately 1.97 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 300 K. The branching fraction analysis indicates a pronounced dominance of C-centered NH2C ˙ HOH radicals with a favorability of 77%, surpassing the N-centeredN ˙ HCH2OH (20%) and O-centered NH2CH2O ˙ (3%) radicals. Moreover, our investigation delves into the oxidation of the prominently favored carbon-centered NH2C ˙ HOH radical through its interaction with atmospheric oxygen molecules. Intriguingly, our findings reveal that formamide (NH2CHO) emerges as the predominant product in the NH2C ˙ HOH + 3O2 reaction, eclipsing alternative outcomes such as amino formic acid (NH2COOH) and formimidic acid (HN = C(H)-OH). At atmospheric conditions pertinent to the troposphere, the branching fraction value for the formation of formamide is about 99%, coupled with a rate constant of 5.5 × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Finally, we have scrutinized the detrimental impact of formamide on the atmosphere. Interaction of formamide with atmospheric hydroxyl radicals could give rise to the production of potentially perilous compounds such as HNCO. Further, unreactedN ˙ HCH2OH radicals may initiate the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines when reacting with trace N-oxides (namely, NO and NO2). This, in turn, escalates the environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for the Catalyst and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Coulon R, Papoušková B, Mohammadi E, Otyepka M, Wunnava S, Šponer J, Šponer JE. Prebiotic Synthesis of 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine and Guanosine Monophosphates through Carbodiimide-Assisted Cyclization. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300510. [PMID: 37747702 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic nucleotides play a fundamental role in modern biochemical processes and have been suggested to have played a central role at the origin of terrestrial life. In this work, we suggest that a formamide-based systems chemistry might account for their availability on the early Earth. In particular, we demonstrate that in a liquid formamide environment at elevated temperatures 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides are obtained in good yield and selectivity upon intramolecular cyclization of 5'-phosphorylated nucleosides in the presence of carbodiimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Coulon
- CATRIN - Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papoušková
- CATRIN - Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Elmira Mohammadi
- CATRIN - Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - Michal Otyepka
- CATRIN - Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Sreekar Wunnava
- Department of Physics, NanoSystems Initiative Munich and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiří Šponer
- CATRIN - Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Judit E Šponer
- CATRIN - Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Pastorek A, Clark VHJ, Yurchenko SN, Ferus M, Civiš S. New physical insights: Formamide discharge decomposition and the role of fragments in the formation of large biomolecules. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121322. [PMID: 35537261 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a time-resolved FTIR spectroscopic study on kinetics of atomic and molecular species, specifically CO, CN radical, N2, HCN and CO2 generated in a glow discharge of formamide-nitrogen-water mixture in a helium buffer gas. Radicals such as NH, CH and OH have been proven to be fundamental stones of subsequent chemical reactions having a crucial role in a prebiotic synthesis of large organic molecules. This work contains three main goals. Firstly, we present our time-resolved spectra of formamide decomposition products and discuss the mechanism of collisional excitations between specific species. Secondly, according to our time resolution, we demonstrate and explain the band shape of CO's first overtone and the energy transfer between excited nitrogen and CO, present in our spectra. Lastly, we present theoretical results for the non-LTE modelling of the spectra using bi-temperature approach and a 1D harmonic Franck-Condon approach for the multi-molecule spectra of the formamide decomposition process in the 1800-5600 cm-1 spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pastorek
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic; Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 78/7, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Victoria H J Clark
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei N Yurchenko
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Ferus
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Svatopluk Civiš
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
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4
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Nejdl L, Petera L, Šponer J, Zemánková K, Pavelicová K, Knížek A, Adam V, Vaculovičová M, Ivanek O, Ferus M. Quantum Dots in Peroxidase-like Chemistry and Formamide-Based Hot Spring Synthesis of Nucleobases. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:541-551. [PMID: 35333585 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are usually seen as artificial semiconductor particles exhibiting optical and electronic properties interesting for nanotechnological applications. However, they may also play a role in prebiotic chemistry. Starting from zinc acetate, cadmium acetate, and mercaptosuccinic acid, we demonstrate the formation of ZnCd QDs upon UV irradiation in prebiotic liquid formamide. We show that ZnCd QDs are able to increase the yield of RNA nucleobase synthesis from formamide up to 300 times, suggesting they might have served as universal catalysts in a primordial milieu. Based on the experimentally observed peroxidase-like activity of ZnCd QDs upon irradiation with visible light, we propose that QDs could be relevant to a broad variety of processes relating to the emergence of terrestrial life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Nejdl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Petera
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judit Šponer
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Zemánková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Pavelicová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Knížek
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Vaculovičová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Ivanek
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ferus
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Micellar electrokinetic chromatography as a powerful analytical tool for research on prebiotic chemistry. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Role of the Interchangeable Cations on the Sorption of Fumaric and Succinic Acids on Montmorillonite and its Relevance in Prebiotic Chemistry. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2021; 51:87-116. [PMID: 34251577 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-021-09609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that clays could have served as key factors in promoting the increase in complexity of organic matter in primitive terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. The aim of this work is to study the adsorption-desorption of two dicarboxylic acids, fumaric and succinic acids, onto clay minerals (sodium and iron montmorillonite). These two acids may have played a role in prebiotic chemistry, and in extant biochemistry, they constitute an important redox couple (e.g. in Krebs cycle) in extant biochemistry. Smectite clays might have played a key role in the origins of life. The effect of pH on sorption has been tested; the analysis was performed by UV-vis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. The results show that chemisorption is the main responsible of the adsorption processes among the dicarboxylic acids and clays. The role of the ion, present in the clay, is fundamental in the adsorption processes of dicarboxylic acids. These ions (sodium and iron) were selected due to their relevance on the geochemical environments that possibly existed into the primitive Earth. Different mechanisms are proposed to explain the sorption of dicarboxylic acids in the clay. In this work, we propose the formation of complexes among metal cations in the clays and dicarboxylic acids. The organic complexes were probably formed in the prebiotic environments enabling chemical processes, prior to the appearance of life. Thus, the data presented here are relevant to the origin of life studies.
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7
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Petera L, Mrazikova K, Nejdl L, Zemankova K, Vaculovicova M, Pastorek A, Civis S, Kubelik P, Heays A, Cassone G, Sponer J, Ferus M, Sponer J. Prebiotic Route to Thymine from Formamide-A Combined Experimental-Theoretical Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082248. [PMID: 33924594 PMCID: PMC8069957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of RNA nucleobases from formamide is one of the recurring topics of prebiotic chemistry research. Earlier reports suggest that thymine, the substitute for uracil in DNA, may also be synthesized from formamide in the presence of catalysts enabling conversion of formamide to formaldehyde. In the current paper, we show that to a lesser extent conversion of uracil to thymine may occur even in the absence of catalysts. This is enabled by the presence of formic acid in the reaction mixture that forms as the hydrolysis product of formamide. Under the reaction conditions of our study, the disproportionation of formic acid may produce formaldehyde that hydroxymethylates uracil in the first step of the conversion process. The experiments are supplemented by quantum chemical modeling of the reaction pathway, supporting the plausibility of the mechanism suggested by Saladino and coworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Petera
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.C.); (P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Klaudia Mrazikova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, CZ 61265 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Lukas Nejdl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.Z.); (M.V.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (L.N.); (M.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Kristyna Zemankova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.Z.); (M.V.)
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.Z.); (M.V.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Pastorek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.C.); (P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Svatopluk Civis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.C.); (P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Petr Kubelik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.C.); (P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Alan Heays
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.C.); (P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Giuseppe Cassone
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF-CNR), Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy;
| | - Jiri Sponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, CZ 61265 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Martin Ferus
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic; (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.C.); (P.K.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.N.); (M.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Judit Sponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, CZ 61265 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.N.); (M.F.); (J.S.)
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8
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Ferus M, Rimmer P, Cassone G, Knížek A, Civiš S, Šponer JE, Ivanek O, Šponer J, Saeidfirozeh H, Kubelík P, Dudžák R, Petera L, Juha L, Pastorek A, Křivková A, Krůs M. One-Pot Hydrogen Cyanide-Based Prebiotic Synthesis of Canonical Nucleobases and Glycine Initiated by High-Velocity Impacts on Early Earth. ASTROBIOLOGY 2020; 20:1476-1488. [PMID: 32955922 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical environments of young planets are assumed to be significantly influenced by impacts of bodies lingering after the dissolution of the protoplanetary disk. We explore the chemical consequences of impacts of these bodies under reducing planetary atmospheres dominated by carbon monoxide, methane, and molecular nitrogen. Impacts were simulated by using a terawatt high-power laser system. Our experimental results show that one-pot impact-plasma-initiated synthesis of all the RNA canonical nucleobases and the simplest amino acid glycine is possible in this type of atmosphere in the presence of montmorillonite. This one-pot synthesis begins with de novo formation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and proceeds through intermediates such as cyanoacetylene and urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ferus
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Rimmer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Astrophysics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Cassone
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonín Knížek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Svatopluk Civiš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judit E Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Ivanek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šponer
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Homa Saeidfirozeh
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kubelík
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Dudžák
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Petera
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Juha
- Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Pastorek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Křivková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Krůs
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Pastorek A, Ferus M, Čuba V, Šrámek O, Ivanek O, Civiš S. Primordial Radioactivity and Prebiotic Chemical Evolution: Effect of γ Radiation on Formamide-Based Synthesis. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8951-8959. [PMID: 32970439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the effect of ionizing radiation on prebiotic chemistry is often overlooked, primordial natural radioactivity might have been an important source of energy for various chemical transformations. Estimates of the abundances of short-lived radionuclides on early Earth suggest that the primordial intensity of endogenous terrestrial radioactivity was up to 4 × 103 times higher than it is today. Therefore, we assume that chemical substances in contact with radioactive rocks should therefore undergo radiolysis. The calculations are followed by research investigating the influence of ionizing γ radiation on basic prebiotic substances, including formamide mixed with various clays, which might have played the role of a catalyst and an agent that partially blocked radiation that was potentially destructive for the products. Our explorations of this effect have shown that the irradiation of formamide-clay mixtures at doses of ∼6 kGy produces significant amounts of urea (up to the maximal concentration of approximately 250 mg L-1), which plays a role in HCN-based prebiotic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pastorek
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200 Prague, Prague 8, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 78/7, 11519 Prague, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ferus
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200 Prague, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Čuba
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 78/7, 11519 Prague, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šrámek
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Ivanek
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200 Prague, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Svatopluk Civiš
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 18200 Prague, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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10
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Nejdl L, Zemankova K, Havlikova M, Buresova M, Hynek D, Xhaxhiu K, Mravec F, Matouskova M, Adam V, Ferus M, Kapus J, Vaculovicova M. UV-Induced Nanoparticles-Formation, Properties and Their Potential Role in Origin of Life. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081529. [PMID: 32759824 PMCID: PMC7466688 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles might have played a vital role in the transition from inorganic chemistry to self-sustaining living systems. Such transition may have been triggered or controlled by processes requiring not only versatile catalysts but also suitable reaction surfaces. Here, experimental results showing that multicolor quantum dots might have been able to participate as catalysts in several specific and nonspecific reactions, relevant to the prebiotic chemistry are demonstrated. A very fast and easy UV-induced formation of ZnCd quantum dots (QDs) with a quantum yield of up to 47% was shown to occur 5 min after UV exposure of the solution containing Zn(II) and Cd(II) in the presence of a thiol capping agent. In addition to QDs formation, xanthine activity was observed in the solution. The role of solar radiation to induce ZnCd QDs formation was replicated during a stratospheric balloon flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Nejdl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.N.); (K.Z.); (M.B.); (D.H.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Zemankova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.N.); (K.Z.); (M.B.); (D.H.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Havlikova
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (F.M.)
| | - Michaela Buresova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.N.); (K.Z.); (M.B.); (D.H.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.N.); (K.Z.); (M.B.); (D.H.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kledi Xhaxhiu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. Zog I, Nr. 2/1, 1001 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Filip Mravec
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (F.M.)
| | - Martina Matouskova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.N.); (K.Z.); (M.B.); (D.H.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.N.); (K.Z.); (M.B.); (D.H.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ferus
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejskova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
| | - Jakub Kapus
- Slovak Organisation for Space Activities, Zamocka 5, 811 03 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.N.); (K.Z.); (M.B.); (D.H.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-5-4513-3350; Fax: +420-5-4521-2044
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