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Bhattacharya A, Samanta S, Nath AK, Ghatak A, Dey SG, Dey A. Intermediates involved in the reduction of SO 2: insight into the mechanism of sulfite reductases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38963718 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Sulfite reductases (SiRs) catalyze the reduction of SO32- to H2S in biosynthetic sulfur assimilation and dissimilation of sulfate. The mechanism of the 6e-/6H+ reduction of SO32- at the siroheme cofactor is debated, and proposed intermediates involved in this 6e- reduction are yet to be spectroscopically characterized. The reaction of SO2 with a ferrous iron porphyrin is investigated, and two intermediates are trapped and characterized: an initial Fe(III)-SO22- species, which undergoes proton-assisted S-O bond cleavage to form an Fe(III)-SO species. These species are characterized using a combination of resonance Raman (with 34S-labelled SO2), EPR and DFT calculations. Results obtained help reconcile the different proposed mechanisms for the SiRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishik Bhattacharya
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal PIN-700032, India.
| | - Soumya Samanta
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal PIN-700032, India.
| | - Arnab Kumar Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal PIN-700032, India.
| | - Arnab Ghatak
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal PIN-700032, India.
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal PIN-700032, India.
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal PIN-700032, India.
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2
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Hossain K, Atta S, Chakraborty AB, Karmakar S, Majumdar A. Nonheme binuclear transition metal complexes with hydrosulfide and polychalcogenides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4979-4998. [PMID: 38654604 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The intriguing chemistry of chalcogen (S, Se)-containing ligands and their capability to bridge multiple metal centres have resulted in a plethora of reports on transition metal complexes featuring hydrosulfide (HS-) and polychalcogenides (En2-, E = S, Se). While a large number of such molecules are strictly organometallic complexes, examples of non-organometallic complexes featuring HS- and En2- with N-/O-donor ligands are relatively rare. The general synthetic procedure for the transition metal-hydrosulfido complexes involves the reaction of the corresponding metal salts with HS-/H2S and this is prone to generate sulfido bridged oligomers in the absence of sterically demanding ligands. On the other hand, the synthetic methods for the preparation of transition metal-polychalcogenido complexes include the reaction of the corresponding metal salts with En2- or the two electron oxidation of low-valent metals with elemental chalcogen, often at an elevated temperature and/or for a long time. Recently, we have developed new synthetic methods for the preparation of two new classes of binuclear transition metal complexes featuring either HS-, or Sn2- and Sen2- ligands. The new method for the synthesis of transition metal-hydrosulfido complexes involved transition metal-mediated hydrolysis of thiolates at room temperature (RT), while the method for the synthesis of transition metal-polychalcogenido complexes involved redox reaction of coordinated thiolates and exogenous elemental chalcogens at RT. An overview of the synthetic aspects, structural properties and intriguing reactivity of these two new classes of transition metal complexes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hossain
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sayan Atta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anuj Baran Chakraborty
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Soumik Karmakar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Amit Majumdar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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3
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Hossain K, Roy Choudhury A, Majumdar A. Generation and Reactivity of Polychalcogenide Chains in Binuclear Cobalt(II) Complexes. JACS AU 2024; 4:771-787. [PMID: 38425921 PMCID: PMC10900221 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of six binuclear Co(II)-thiolate complexes, [Co2(BPMP)(S-C6H4-o-X)2]1+ (X = OMe, 2; NH2, 3), [Co2(BPMP)(μ-S-C6H4-o-O)]1+ (4), and [Co2(BPMP)(μ-Y)]1+ (Y = bdt, 5; tdt, 6; mnt, 7), has been synthesized from [Co2(BPMP)(MeOH)2(Cl)2]1+ (1a) and [Co2(BPMP)(Cl)2]1+ (1b), where BPMP1- is the anion of 2,6-bis[[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-methylphenol. While 2 and 3 could allow the two-electron redox reaction of the two coordinated thiolates with elemental sulfur (S8) to generate [Co2(BPMP)(μ-S5)]1+ (8), the complexes, 4-7, could not undergo a similar reaction. An analogous redox reaction of 2 with elemental selenium ([Se]) produced [{Co2(BPMP)(μ-Se4)}{Co2(BPMP)(μ-Se3)}]2+ (9a) and [Co2(BPMP)(μ-Se4)]1+ (9b). Further reaction of these polychalcogenido complexes, 8 and 9a/9b, with PPh3 allowed the isolation of [Co2(BPMP)(μ-S)]1+ (10) and [Co2(BPMP)(μ-Se2)]1+ (11), which, in turn, could be converted back to 8 and 9a upon treatment with S8 and [Se], respectively. Interestingly, while the redox reaction of the polyselenide chains in 9a and 11 with S8 produced 8 and [Se], the treatment of 8 with [Se] gave back only the starting material (8), thus demonstrating the different redox behavior of sulfur and selenium. Furthermore, the reaction of 8 and 9a/9b with activated alkynes and cyanide (CN-) allowed the isolation of the complexes, [Co2(BPMP)(μ-E2C2(CO2R)2)]1+ (E = S: 12a, R = Me; 12b, R = Et; E = Se: 13a, R = Me; 13b, R = Et) and [Co2(BPMP)(μ-SH)(NCS)2] (14), respectively. The present work, thus, provides an interesting synthetic strategy, interconversions, and detailed comparative reactivity of binuclear Co(II)-polychalcogenido complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hossain
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Amit Majumdar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
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4
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Runda ME, de Kok NAW, Schmidt S. Rieske Oxygenases and Other Ferredoxin-Dependent Enzymes: Electron Transfer Principles and Catalytic Capabilities. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300078. [PMID: 36964978 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes that depend on sophisticated electron transfer via ferredoxins (Fds) exhibit outstanding catalytic capabilities, but despite decades of research, many of them are still not well understood or exploited for synthetic applications. This review aims to provide a general overview of the most important Fd-dependent enzymes and the electron transfer processes involved. While several examples are discussed, we focus in particular on the family of Rieske non-heme iron-dependent oxygenases (ROs). In addition to illustrating their electron transfer principles and catalytic potential, the current state of knowledge on structure-function relationships and the mode of interaction between the redox partner proteins is reviewed. Moreover, we highlight several key catalyzed transformations, but also take a deeper dive into their engineerability for biocatalytic applications. The overall findings from these case studies highlight the catalytic capabilities of these biocatalysts and could stimulate future interest in developing additional Fd-dependent enzyme classes for synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Runda
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Asghari-Paskiabi F, Imani M, Rafii-Tabar H, Nojoumi SA, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Shortening the sulfur cell cycle by a green approach for bio-production of extracellular metalloid-sulfide nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4723. [PMID: 36959325 PMCID: PMC10036537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new approach was introduced regarding the extracellular synthesis of selenium sulfide micro/nano-particles using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different ammonium sulfate supplementation and in the presence of sodium selenosulfate precursors (S1) and a blend of selenous acid and sodium sulfite (S2). In S1, only cell supernatant exposed to ammonium sulfate was able to reduce sodium selenosulfate. Whereas, in S2, cell supernatant in both pre-conditions of with or without ammonium sulfate (S2 + or S2-) were able to reduce selenous acid and sodium sulfite. Electron microscopy, also indicated that selenium sulfide NPs were successfully synthesized with average size of 288 and 332 nm for S2 + and S2- in SEM and 268 and 305 nm in TEM. Additionally, elemental mapping by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed the presence of sulfur/selenium elements in the particles in a proportion of 24.50 and 23.31 for S2- and S2 + , respectively. The mass spectrometry indicated the probability of Se2S2, SeS1.1, Se2, Se, SeS5, SeS3, Se3S5/Se5, Se3/SeS5, Se6, Se4/SeS7, Se2.57S5.43/Se2S2 and Se4S/Se2S6 molecules for S2 + and of Se, Se2, Se3S5/Se5, Se6 and Se4 species for S2-. In FTIR spectra, primary (i.e. 1090-1020 and 1650-1580 cm-1) and secondary (1580-1490 cm-1) amine bands duly confirmed the protein corona around the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Asghari-Paskiabi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran.
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran.
| | - Hashem Rafii-Tabar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nojoumi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Bhattacharya A, Kumar Nath A, Ghatak A, Nayek A, Dinda S, Saha R, Ghosh Dey S, Dey A. Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfur Monoxide by Ferrous Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215235. [PMID: 36588338 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of SO2 to fixed forms of sulfur can address the growing concerns regarding its detrimental effect on health and the environment as well as enable its valorization into valuable chemicals. The naturally occurring heme enzyme sulfite reductase (SiR) is known to reduce SO2 to H2 S and is an integral part of the global sulfur cycle. However, its action has not yet been mimicked in artificial systems outside of the protein matrix even after several decades of structural elucidation of the enzyme. While the coordination of SO2 to transition metals is documented, its reduction using molecular catalysts has remained elusive. Herein reduction of SO2 by iron(II) tetraphenylporphyrin is demonstrated. A combination of spectroscopic data backed up by theoretical calculations indicate that FeII TPP reduces SO2 by 2e- /2H+ to form an intermediate [FeIII -SO]+ species, also proposed for SiR, which releases SO. The SO obtained from the chemical reduction of SO2 could be evidenced in the form of a cheletropic adduct of butadiene resulting in an organic sulfoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishik Bhattacharya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Arnab Kumar Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghatak
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Abhijit Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Souvik Dinda
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Rajat Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
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7
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Jespersen M, Pierik AJ, Wagner T. Structures of the sulfite detoxifying F 420-dependent enzyme from Methanococcales. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:695-702. [PMID: 36658338 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methanogenic archaea are main actors in the carbon cycle but are sensitive to reactive sulfite. Some methanogens use a sulfite detoxification system that combines an F420H2-oxidase with a sulfite reductase, both of which are proposed precursors of modern enzymes. Here, we present snapshots of this coupled system, named coenzyme F420-dependent sulfite reductase (Group I Fsr), obtained from two marine methanogens. Fsr organizes as a homotetramer, harboring an intertwined six-[4Fe-4S] cluster relay characterized by spectroscopy. The wire, spanning 5.4 nm, electronically connects the flavin to the siroheme center. Despite a structural architecture similar to dissimilatory sulfite reductases, Fsr shows a siroheme coordination and a reaction mechanism identical to assimilatory sulfite reductases. Accordingly, the reaction of Fsr is unidirectional, reducing sulfite or nitrite with F420H2. Our results provide structural insights into this unique fusion, in which a primitive sulfite reductase turns a poison into an elementary block of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio J Pierik
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tristan Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany.
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8
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Bhunia S, Ghatak A, Dey A. Second Sphere Effects on Oxygen Reduction and Peroxide Activation by Mononuclear Iron Porphyrins and Related Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12370-12426. [PMID: 35404575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation and reduction of O2 and H2O2 by synthetic and biosynthetic iron porphyrin models have proved to be a versatile platform for evaluating second-sphere effects deemed important in naturally occurring heme active sites. Advances in synthetic techniques have made it possible to install different functional groups around the porphyrin ligand, recreating artificial analogues of the proximal and distal sites encountered in the heme proteins. Using judicious choices of these substituents, several of the elegant second-sphere effects that are proposed to be important in the reactivity of key heme proteins have been evaluated under controlled environments, adding fundamental insight into the roles played by these weak interactions in nature. This review presents a detailed description of these efforts and how these have not only demystified these second-sphere effects but also how the knowledge obtained resulted in functional mimics of these heme enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Bhunia
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghatak
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Reed CJ, Lam QN, Mirts EN, Lu Y. Molecular understanding of heteronuclear active sites in heme-copper oxidases, nitric oxide reductases, and sulfite reductases through biomimetic modelling. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2486-2539. [PMID: 33475096 PMCID: PMC7920998 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heme-copper oxidases (HCO), nitric oxide reductases (NOR), and sulfite reductases (SiR) catalyze the multi-electron and multi-proton reductions of O2, NO, and SO32-, respectively. Each of these reactions is important to drive cellular energy production through respiratory metabolism and HCO, NOR, and SiR evolved to contain heteronuclear active sites containing heme/copper, heme/nonheme iron, and heme-[4Fe-4S] centers, respectively. The complexity of the structures and reactions of these native enzymes, along with their large sizes and/or membrane associations, make it challenging to fully understand the crucial structural features responsible for the catalytic properties of these active sites. In this review, we summarize progress that has been made to better understand these heteronuclear metalloenzymes at the molecular level though study of the native enzymes along with insights gained from biomimetic models comprising either small molecules or proteins. Further understanding the reaction selectivity of these enzymes is discussed through comparisons of their similar heteronuclear active sites, and we offer outlook for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urban, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Quan N Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urban, IL 61801, USA
| | - Evan N Mirts
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urban, IL 61801, USA. and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urban, IL 61801, USA and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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10
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Amanullah S, Saha P, Nayek A, Ahmed ME, Dey A. Biochemical and artificial pathways for the reduction of carbon dioxide, nitrite and the competing proton reduction: effect of 2nd sphere interactions in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3755-3823. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01405b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of oxides and oxoanions of carbon and nitrogen are of great contemporary importance as they are crucial for a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Amanullah
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Paramita Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Abhijit Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Md Estak Ahmed
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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11
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Leone L, Chino M, Nastri F, Maglio O, Pavone V, Lombardi A. Mimochrome, a metalloporphyrin‐based catalytic Swiss knife†. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:495-515. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Leone
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
| | - Ornella Maglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
- IBB ‐ National Research Council Napoli Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Napoli “Federico II” Napoli Italy
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12
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Abstract
Modified tetrapyrroles are large macrocyclic compounds, consisting of diverse conjugation and metal chelation systems and imparting an array of colors to the biological structures that contain them. Tetrapyrroles represent some of the most complex small molecules synthesized by cells and are involved in many essential processes that are fundamental to life on Earth, including photosynthesis, respiration, and catalysis. These molecules are all derived from a common template through a series of enzyme-mediated transformations that alter the oxidation state of the macrocycle and also modify its size, its side-chain composition, and the nature of the centrally chelated metal ion. The different modified tetrapyrroles include chlorophylls, hemes, siroheme, corrins (including vitamin B12), coenzyme F430, heme d1, and bilins. After nearly a century of study, almost all of the more than 90 different enzymes that synthesize this family of compounds are now known, and expression of reconstructed operons in heterologous hosts has confirmed that most pathways are complete. Aside from the highly diverse nature of the chemical reactions catalyzed, an interesting aspect of comparative biochemistry is to see how different enzymes and even entire pathways have evolved to perform alternative chemical reactions to produce the same end products in the presence and absence of oxygen. Although there is still much to learn, our current understanding of tetrapyrrole biogenesis represents a remarkable biochemical milestone that is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
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13
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Chung IY, Kim BO, Jang HJ, Cho YH. Repositioning of a mucolytic drug to a selective antibacterial against Vibrio cholerae. J Microbiol 2020; 58:61-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-9590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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