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Roy R, Brouillac C, Jacques E, Quinton C, Poriel C. π-Conjugated Nanohoops: A New Generation of Curved Materials for Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402608. [PMID: 38744668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanohoops, cyclic association of π-conjugated systems to form a hoop-shaped molecule, have been widely developed in the last 15 years. Beyond the synthetic challenge, the strong interest towards these molecules arises from their radially oriented π-orbitals, which provide singular properties to these fascinating structures. Thanks to their particular cylindrical arrangement, this new generation of curved molecules have been already used in many applications such as host-guest complexation, biosensing, bioimaging, solid-state emission and catalysis. However, their potential in organic electronics has only started to be explored. From the first incorporation as an emitter in a fluorescent organic light emitting diode (OLED), to the recent first incorporation as a host in phosphorescent OLEDs or as charge transporter in organic field-effect transistors and in organic photovoltaics, this field has shown important breakthroughs in recent years. These findings have revealed that curved materials can play a key role in the future and can even be more efficient than their linear counterparts. This can have important repercussions for the future of electronics. Time has now come to overview the different nanohoops used to date in electronic devices in order to stimulate the future molecular designs of functional materials based on these macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32603
| | | | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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2
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Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Inclusion Complexes of Carbon Nanohoops. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:37-46. [PMID: 38103043 PMCID: PMC10765372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusPhotoinduced electron transfer (PET) in carbon materials is a process of great importance in light energy conversion. Carbon materials, such as fullerenes, graphene flakes, carbon nanotubes, and cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), have unusual electronic properties that make them interesting objects for PET research. These materials can be used as electron-hole transport layers, electrode materials, or passivation additives in photovoltaic devices. Moreover, their appropriate combination opens up new possibilities for constructing photoactive supramolecular systems with efficient charge transfer between the donor and acceptor parts. CPPs build a class of molecules consisting of para-linked phenylene rings. CPPs and their numerous derivatives are appealing building blocks in supramolecular chemistry, acting as suitable concave receptors with strong host-guest interactions for the convex surfaces of fullerenes. Efficient PET in donor-acceptor systems can be observed when charge separation occurs faster than charge recombination. This Account focuses on selected inclusion complexes of carbon nanohoops studied by our group. We modeled charge separation and charge recombination in both previously synthesized and computationally designed complexes to identify how various modifications of host and guest molecules affect the PET efficiency in these systems. A consistent computational protocol we used includes a time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) formalism with the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) and CAM-B3LYP functional to carry out excited state calculations and the nonadiabatic electron transfer theory to estimate electron-transfer rates. We show how the photophysical properties of carbon nanohoops can be modified by incorporating additional π-conjugated fragments and antiaromatic units, multiple fluorine substitutions, and extending the overall π-electron system. Incorporating π-conjugated groups or linkers is accompanied by the appearance of new charge transfer states. Perfluorination of the nanohoops radically changes their role in charge separation from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. Vacancy defects in π-extended nanohoops are shown to hinder PET between host and guest molecules, while large fully conjugated π-systems improve the electron-donor properties of nanohoops. We also highlight the role of antiaromatic structural units in tuning the electronic properties of nanohoops. Depending on the aromaticity degree of monomeric units in nanohoops, the direction of electron transfer in their complexes with C60 fullerene can be altered. Nanohoops with aromatic units usually act as electron donors, while those with antiaromatic monomers serve as electron acceptors. Finally, we discuss why charged fullerenes are better electron acceptors than neutral C60 and how the charge location allows for the design of more efficient donor-acceptor systems with an unusual hypsochromic shift of the charge transfer band in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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George G, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Stasyuk AJ. A step towards rational design of carbon nanobelts with tunable electronic properties. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17373-17385. [PMID: 37791958 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Belt-shaped aromatic compounds are among the most attractive classes of radial π-conjugated nanocarbon molecules with unique physical and chemical properties. In this work, we computationally studied a number of all-carbon and heteroatom-bridged nanobelts, as well as their inclusion complexes with fullerene C60. Our results provide a useful guide for modulating the electronic properties of the nanobelts. An in-depth analysis of the ground and excited state properties of their complexes has allowed us to establish structure-property relationships and propose simple principles for the design of nanobelts with improved electron-donating properties suitable for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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4
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Stasyuk AJ. Photoinduced electron transfer in [10]CPP⊃C60 oligomers with stable and well-defined supramolecular structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21297-21306. [PMID: 37551509 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent synthesis of a new type of polymer containing conjugated cycloparaphenylene (CPP) macrocycles interconnected by a linear conjugated backbone opens up great potential of cyclic π-conjugated materials in organic photovoltaics. In this work, I report a theoretical study of the ground and excited state properties of such polymers and investigate an effect of inclusion of fullerene molecules into polymer chains. MD simulations reveal that oligomers ([10]CPP_Fused⊃C60)24 and ([10]CPP_Fused⊃C60)32 with π-extended CPPs tend to form stable, helix-like structures. I show that photoinduced electron transfer from the CPP-based polymer to C60 fullerene is favorable and occurs on a nanosecond time scale. The hole- and excess-electron transfer rates are found to be significantly higher than the corresponding charge recombination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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5
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Freiberger M, Solymosi I, Freiberger EM, Hirsch A, Pérez-Ojeda ME, Drewello T. A molecular Popeye: Li +@C 60 and its complexes with [ n]cycloparaphenylenes. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5665-5670. [PMID: 36896752 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we compare for the first time the stability of [n]cycloparaphenylene ([n]CPP)-based host-guest complexes with Li+@C60 and C60 in the gas and the solution phase. Our gas-phase experiments reveal a significant increase in stability for the complexes featuring [9-12]CPP with Li+@C60. This increased interaction strength is also observed in solution. Isothermal titration calorimetry shows for the formation of [10]CPP⊃Li+@C60 a two orders of magnitude larger association constant than that for the C60 analog. Additionally, an increased binding entropy is observed. This study contributes to a better understanding of host-guest complexes between [n]CPPs and endohedral metallofullerenes at a molecular level, which is the prerequisite for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freiberger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Iris Solymosi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Eva Marie Freiberger
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - M Eugenia Pérez-Ojeda
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany.
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6
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George G, Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Aromaticity controls the excited-state properties of host-guest complexes of nanohoops. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1221-1229. [PMID: 36537223 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated organic molecules have exciting applications as materials for batteries, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, etc. Among these systems, antiaromatic compounds are of particular interest because of their smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap compared to aromatic compounds. A small HOMO-LUMO gap is expected to facilitate charge transfer in the systems. Here we report the ground and excited-state properties of two model nanohoops that are nitrogen-doped analogs of recently synthesized [4]cyclodibenzopentalenes - tetramers of benzene-fused aromatic 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]DHPP) and antiaromatic pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]PP). Their complexes with C60 fullerene show different behavior upon photoexcitation, depending on the degree of aromaticity. [4]DHPP acts as an electron donor, whereas [4]PP is a stronger electron acceptor than C60. The ultrafast charge separation combined with the slow charge recombination that we found for [4]PP⊃C60 indicates a long lifetime of the charge transfer state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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7
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Pareras G, Simon S, Poater A, Solà M. Successive Diels-Alder Cycloadditions of Cyclopentadiene to [10]CPP⊃C 60: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5149-5157. [PMID: 35319187 PMCID: PMC9016765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Fullerenes have potential
applications in many fields. To reach
their full potential, fullerenes have to be functionalized. One of
the most common reactions used to functionalize fullerenes is the
Diels–Alder cycloaddition. In this case, it is important to
control the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition during the formation
of higher adducts. In C60, successive Diels–Alder
cycloadditions lead to the Th-symmetric
hexakisadduct. In this work, we explore computationally using density
functional theory (DFT) how the presence of a [10]cycloparaphenylene
ring encapsulating C60 ([10]CPP⊃C60)
affects the regioselectivity of multiple additions to C60. Our results show that the presence of the [10]CPP ring changes
the preferred sites of cycloaddition compared to free C60 and leads to the formation of the tetrakisadduct. Somewhat surprisingly,
our calculations predict formation of this particular tetrakisadduct
to be more favored in [10]CPP⊃C60 than in free C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Pareras
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,School of Chemistry, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sílvia Simon
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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8
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Heterospin frustration in a metal-fullerene-bonded semiconductive antiferromagnet. Nat Commun 2022; 13:495. [PMID: 35078998 PMCID: PMC8789904 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-ion-encapsulated fullerenes (Li+@C60) are 3D superatoms with rich oxidative states. Here we show a conductive and magnetically frustrated metal–fullerene-bonded framework {[Cu4(Li@C60)(L)(py)4](NTf2)(hexane)}n (1) (L = 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(methanesulfonamido)benzene, py = pyridine, NTf2− = bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide anion) prepared from redox-active dinuclear metal complex Cu2(L)(py)4 and lithium-ion-encapsulated fullerene salt (Li+@C60)(NTf2−). Electron donor Cu2(L)(py)2 bonds to acceptor Li+@C60 via eight Cu‒C bonds. Cu–C bond formation stems from spontaneous charge transfer (CT) between Cu2(L)(py)4 and (Li+@C60)(NTf2−) by removing the two-terminal py molecules, yielding triplet ground state [Cu2(L)(py)2]+(Li+@C60•−), evidenced by absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, magnetic properties and quantum chemical calculations. Moreover, Li+@C60•− radicals (S = ½) and Cu2+ ions (S = ½) interact antiferromagnetically in triangular spin lattices in the absence of long-range magnetic ordering to 1.8 K. The low-temperature heat capacity indicated that compound 1 is a potential candidate for an S = ½ quantum spin liquid (QSL). Conductive and magnetically frustrated solids may enable the development of high-performance molecule-based spintronic devices. Here the authors report a conductive and magnetically frustrated metal–fullerene-bonded framework prepared from a redox-active dinuclear copper complex and lithium ion-encapsulated fullerenes.
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9
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George G, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Reactivity of the superhalogen/superalkali ion encapsulating C 60 fullerenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:203-210. [PMID: 34881384 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between 1,3-cyclohexadiene and a series of C60 fullerenes with encapsulated (super)alkali/(super)halogen species (Li+@C60, Li2F+@C60, Cl-@C60, and LiF2-@C60) was explored by means of DFT calculations. The reactivity of the ion encapsulating systems was compared to that of the parent C60 fullerene. Significant enhancement in reactivity was found for cation-encapsulating Li+/Li2F+@C60 complexes. The cycloadduct formed by LiF2-@C60 was found to be the most thermodynamically favorable among the studied ones. In contrast, encapsulation of Cl- anions disfavors the cycloaddition reaction both kinetically and thermodynamically. Higher activation energy barrier and less stability of the reaction product in the case of Cl-@C60 were associated with the higher deformation energies of the fullerene cage and the lower interaction energy between the reactants in comparison with the other studied complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibu George
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Anton J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain. .,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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10
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Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. [10]CPP-Based Inclusion Complexes of Charged Fulleropyrrolidines. Effect of the Charge Location on the Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2021; 27:8737-8744. [PMID: 33780063 PMCID: PMC8251704 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of non-covalently bound donor-acceptor dyads, consisting of C60 as the electron acceptor and cycloparaphenylene (CPP) as the electron donor, have been reported. A hypsochromic shift of the charge transfer (CT) band in polar medium has been found in [10]CPP⊃Li+ @C60 . To explore this anomalous effect, we study inclusion complexes [10]CPP⊃Li+ @C60 -MP, [10]CPP⊃C60 -MPH+ , and [10]CPP⊃C60 -PPyMe+ formed by fulleropyrrolidine derivatives and [10]CPP using the DFT/TDDFT approach. We show that the introduction of a positively charged fragment into fullerene stabilizes CT states that become the lowest-lying excited states. These charge-separated states can be generated by the decay of locally excited states on a nanosecond to picosecond time scale. The distance of the charged fragment to the center of the fullerenic cage and its accessibility to the solvent determine the strength of the hypsochromic shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Anton J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Besalú-Sala P, Voityuk AA, Luis JM, Solà M. Evaluation of charge-transfer rates in fullerene-based donor-acceptor dyads with different density functional approximations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5376-5384. [PMID: 33645598 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06510b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The shift towards renewable energy is one of the main challenges of this generation. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), based on donor-acceptor architectures, can help in this transition as they present excellent photovoltaic efficiencies yet cheap and simple manufacturing. For molecular heterojunction DSSCs, donor-acceptor pairs are linked in a covalent manner, which facilitates their tailoring and rational design. Nevertheless, reliable computational characterization of charge transfer rate constants (kCT) is needed to speed this development process up. In this context, the performance of time-dependent density functional theory for the calculation of kCT values in donor-acceptor fullerene-based dyads has not been benchmarked yet. Herein, we present a detailed analysis on the performance of seven well-known density functional approximations (DFAs) for this type of system, focusing on several parameters such as the reorganization energies (λ), electronic couplings (VDA), and Gibbs energies (ΔG0CT), as well as the final rate constants. The amount of exact exchange at short range (SR) and long range (LR) electron-electron distances (and the transition from the SR to LR) turned out to be key for the success of the prediction. The tuning of these parameters improves significantly the performance of current DFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Besalú-Sala
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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12
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Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Photoinduced electron transfer in nano-Saturn complexes of fullerene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2126-2133. [PMID: 33437974 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05919f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced electron transfer is studied computationally in several Saturn-shaped inclusion complexes of carbo-aromatic rings and C60 fullerene - C72⊃C60, C96⊃C60, C120⊃C60, and C168⊃C60. Analysis of their structural and electronic properties shows that the charge separation process is efficient in C120⊃C60 and C168⊃C60 where the host molecule resembles the conjugated [24]circulene unit. In contrast, the electron transfer is not feasible in the complexes of the oligophenylene-based rings C72⊃C60 and C96⊃C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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13
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Stasyuk AJ, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Photoinduced electron transfer in nanotube⊃C 70 inclusion complexes: phenine vs. nanographene nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12624-12627. [PMID: 32959809 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04261g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we computationally study the photoinduced electron transfer in fullerene inclusion complexes of two phenine nanotubes pre-pNT⊃C70 and pNT⊃C70 and their nanographene analog [4]CHBC⊃C70. Charge separation is shown to efficiently occur in [4]CHBC⊃C70. In contrast, the electron transfer process between the host and guest units in the pre-pNT⊃C70 and pNT⊃C70 complexes is blocked by the structural changes incorporated in the nanographene framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton J Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Olga A Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain. and ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Stasyuk AJ, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Electron Transfer in a Li +-Doped Zn-Porphyrin-[10]CPP⊃Fullerene Junction and Charge-Separated Bands with Opposite Response to Polar Environments. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9095-9102. [PMID: 32915570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently synthesized porphyrin-cycloparaphenylene (ZnP-[10]CPP) junction is a powerful platform to develop useful organic photovoltaic devices. In this work, we computationally study photoinduced electron transfer processes in the supramolecular complex ZnP-[10]CPP⊃C60 and its Li+-doped derivative. The most striking finding is charge-separated (CS) bands in ZnP-[10]CPP⊃Li+@C60 with opposite response to solvent polarity. Besides CS bands that demonstrate a bathochromic shift, there exist CS transitions showing a rarely observed hypsochromic shift. The rates of energy transfer, charge separation, and charge recombination in the supramolecular complexes are computed by using the semiclassical approach. These estimates suggest that the both types of CS states can be efficiently populated in polar media by decay of locally excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Stasyuk AJ, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Triquinoline‐ versus Fullerene‐Based Cycloparaphenylene Ionic Complexes: Comparison of Photoinduced Charge‐Shift Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:10896-10902. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA) 08010 Barcelona Spain
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16
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Jiang Y, Mattioli EJ, Calvaresi M, Wang Z. Theoretical design of an ultrafast supramolecular rotor composed of carbon nano-rings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11835-11838. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04806b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new type of supramolecular rotor composed of C18 and cycloparaphenylenes exhibits ultrahigh rotation speeds as temperature increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- 100872 Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Edoardo Jun Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- 100872 Beijing
- P. R. China
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17
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Yang YF, Gromov EV, Cederbaum LS. Caged-Electron States in Endohedral Li Fullerenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7617-7622. [PMID: 31755717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By employing large-scale high-level EA-EOM-CCSD calculations, we have computed and analyzed the low-lying states of neutral Li@C60. Apart from one state, all states are found to be charge-separated states of the type Li+@C60-. The new state is the first reported non-charge-separated state in endohedral alkali fullerenes. This caged-electron state is analyzed in detail. Arguments are given that in larger highly symmetric endohedral fullerenes the caged-electron state can be the electronic ground state of the system. HF and DFT calculations on Li@C180 indeed find that the caged-electron state is the ground state and that in its equilibrium geometry Li sits at the center of the cage. Applications are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Yang
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Evgeniy V Gromov
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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