1
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Yao Y, Oberhofer H. Designing building blocks of covalent organic frameworks through on-the-fly batch-based Bayesian optimization. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:074102. [PMID: 39145552 DOI: 10.1063/5.0223540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we use a Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm to sample the space of covalent organic framework (COF) components aimed at the design of COFs with a high hole conductivity. COFs are crystalline, often porous coordination polymers, where organic molecular units-called building blocks (BBs)-are connected by covalent bonds. Even though we limit ourselves here to a space of three-fold symmetric BBs forming two-dimensional COF sheets, their design space is still much too large to be sampled by traditional means through evaluating the properties of each element in this space from first principles. In order to ensure valid BBs, we use a molecular generation algorithm that, by construction, leads to rigid three-fold symmetric molecules. The BO approach then trains two distinct surrogate models for two conductivity properties, level alignment vs a reference electrode and reorganization free energy, which are combined in a fitness function as the objective that evaluates BBs' conductivities. These continuously improving surrogates allow the prediction of a material's properties at a low computational cost. It thus allows us to select promising candidates which, together with candidates that are very different from the molecules already sampled, form the updated training sets of the surrogate models. In the course of 20 such training steps, we find a number of promising candidates, some being only variations on already known motifs and others being completely novel. Finally, we subject the six best such candidates to a computational reverse synthesis analysis to gauge their real-world synthesizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Yao
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Chair for Theoretical Physics VII and Bavarian Center for Battery Technology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Harald Oberhofer
- Chair for Theoretical Physics VII and Bavarian Center for Battery Technology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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2
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Chen Z, Fang P, Zou X, Shi Z, Zhang J, Sun Z, Guo S, Yan F. Interlayer Polymerization to Construct a Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework as a Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401880. [PMID: 38678520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have a multilayer skeleton with a periodic π-conjugated molecular array, which can facilitate charge carrier transport within a COF layer. However, the lack of an effective charge carrier transmission pathway between 2D COF layers greatly limits their applications in electrocatalysis. Herein, by employing a side-chain polymerization strategy to form polythiophene along the nanochannels, a conjugated bridge is constructed between the COF layers. The as-synthesized fully conjugated COF (PTh-COF) exhibits high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with narrowed energy band gaps. Correspondingly, PTh-COF is tested as a metal-free cathode catalyst for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) which showed a maximum power density of 176 mW cm-2 under a current density of 533 mA cm-2. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that interlayer conjugated polythiophene optimizes the electron cloud distribution, which therefore enhances the ORR performance. This work not only provides new insight into the construction of a fully conjugated covalent organic framework but also promotes the development of new metal-free ORR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pengda Fang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiuyang Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, No.111 West Changjiang Road, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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3
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Martínez-Fernández M, Segura JL. Exploring Advanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts: The Potential of Metal-Free and Non-Pyrolyzed Covalent Organic Frameworks. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400558. [PMID: 38631681 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis is an area of increasing interest for the in-situ production of H2O2 or the development of energy-related devices such as hydrogen fuel cells. Although pyrolyzed catalysts still offer the best performances to date with reference to the organic-based catalysts, metal-free and non-pyrolyzed covalent organic frameworks (COFs) stands out as promising alternatives candidates due to their favourable characteristics such as crystallinity, porosity, and organic composition, allowing the study of structural-property relationships. Herein, we present the design principles and recent advances in COFs-based ORR electrocatalysts, demonstrating how composition influences the activity and electronic pathway of the oxygen reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Martínez-Fernández
- Organic chemistry department Science faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, Madrid, Spain, 28040
| | - José L Segura
- Organic chemistry department Science faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, Madrid, Spain, 28040
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4
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Wang Q, Wang C, Zheng K, Wang B, Wang Z, Zhang C, Long X. Positional Thiophene Isomerization: A Geometric Strategy for Precisely Regulating the Electronic State of Covalent Organic Frameworks to Boost Oxygen Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320037. [PMID: 38348605 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
With the oxygen conversion efficiency of metal-free carbon-based fuel cells dramatically improved, the building blocks of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) raised principal concerns on the catalytic active sites with indistinct electronic states. Herein, to address this issue, we demonstrate COFs for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by regulating the edge-hanging thiophene units, and the molecular geometries are further modulated via positional thiophene isomerization strategy, affording isomeric COF-α with 2-substitution and COF-β with 3-substitution on the frameworks. The electronic states and intermediate adsorption ability are well-regulated through geometric modification, resulting in controllable chemical activity and local density of π-electrons. Notably, the introduction of thiophene units with different substitution positions into a pristine pure carbon-based COF model COF-Ph achieves excellent activity with a half-wave potential of 0.76 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, which is higher than most of those metal-free or metal-based electrocatalysts. Utilizing the combination of theoretical prediction and in situ Raman spectra, we show that the isomeric thiophene skeleton (COF-α and COF-β) can induce the dangling unit activation, accurately identifying the pentacyclic-carbon (thiophene α-position) adjacent to sulfur atom as active sites. The results suggest that the isomeric dangling groups in COFs are suitable for the ORR with promising geometry construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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5
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Yang X, An Q, Li X, Fu Y, Yang S, Liu M, Xu Q, Zeng G. Charging modulation of the pyridine nitrogen of covalent organic frameworks for promoting oxygen reduction reaction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1889. [PMID: 38424127 PMCID: PMC10904383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal templates for constructing metal-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction due to their highly tuneable skeletons and controllable porous channels. However, the development of highly active sites within COFs remains challenging due to their limited electron-transfer capabilities and weak binding affinities for reaction intermediates. Herein, we constructed highly active catalytic centres by modulating the electronic states of the pyridine nitrogen atoms incorporated into the frameworks of COFs. By incorporating different pyridine units (such as pyridine, ionic pyridine, and ionic imidazole units), we tuned various properties including dipole moments, reductive ability, hydrophilicity, and binding affinities towards reaction intermediates. Notably, the ionic imidazole COF (im-PY-BPY-COF) exhibited greater activity than the neutral COF (PY-BPY-COF) and ionic pyridine COF (ion-PY-BPY-COF). Specifically, im-PY-BPY-COF demonstrated a half-wave potential of 0.80 V in 0.1 M KOH, outperforming other metal-free COFs. Theoretical calculations and in situ synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the carbon atoms in the ionic imidazole rings improved the activity by facilitating binding of the intermediate OOH* and promoting the desorption of OH*. This study provides new insights into the design of highly active metal-like COF catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qizheng An
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Hefei, 230029, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany.
| | - Shuai Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Shanghai, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
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6
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Yao B, Li G, Wu X, Sun H, Liu X, Li F, Guo T. Polyimide covalent organic frameworks bearing star-shaped electron-deficient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon building blocks: molecular innovations for energy conversion and storage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:793-803. [PMID: 38168788 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05214a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Polyimide covalent organic frameworks (PI-COFs) are outstanding functional materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage owing to their integrated advantages of the high electroactive feature of polyimides and the periodic porous structure of COFs. Nevertheless, only anhydride monomers with C2 symmetry are generally used, and limited selectivity of electron-deficient monomers has become a major obstacle in the development of materials. The introduction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a very effective method to regulate the structure-activity relationship of PI-COFs due to their excellent stability and electrical properties. Over the past two years, various star-shaped electron-deficient PAH building blocks possessing different compositions and topologies have been successfully fabricated, greatly improving the monomer selectivity and electrochemical performances of PI-COFs. This paper systematically summarizes the recent highlights in PI-COFs based on these building blocks. Firstly, the preparation of anhydride (or phthalic acid) monomers and PI-COFs related to different star-shaped PAHs is presented. Secondly, the applications of these PI-COFs in energy conversion and storage and the corresponding factors influencing their performance are discussed in detail. Finally, the future development of this meaningful field is briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Guowang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Xianying Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Hongfei Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Xingyan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Tingwang Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China.
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7
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Li X, Yang S, Xu Q. Metal-Free Covalent Organic Frameworks for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302997. [PMID: 37823329 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key reaction in metal air and fuel cells. Among the catalysts that promote ORR, carbon-based metal-free catalysts are getting more attention because of their maximum atom utilization, effective active sites and satisfactory catalytic activity and stability. However, the pyrolysis synthesis of these carbons resulted in disordered porosities and uncontrolled catalytic sites, which hindered us in realizing the catalysts' design, the optimization of catalyst performance and the elucidation of structure-property relationship at the molecular level. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constructed with designable building blocks have been employed as metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR due to their controlled skeletons, tailored pores size and environments, as well as well-defined location and kinds of catalytic sites. In this Concept article, the development of metal-free COFs for the ORR is summarized, and different strategies including skeletons regulation, linkages engineering and edge-sites modulation to improve the catalytic selectivity and activity are discussed. Furthermore, this Concept provides prospectives for designing and constructing powerful electrocatalysts based on the catalytic COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
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8
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Liu J, Zhao J, Li C, Liu Y, Li D, Li H, Valtchev V, Qiu S, Wang Y, Fang Q. Precise Modulation of Carbon Activity Sites in Metal-Free Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305759. [PMID: 37700638 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free carbon-based materials have gained recognition as potential electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in new environmentally-friendly electrochemical energy conversion technologies. The presence of effective active centers is crucial for achieving productive ORR. In this study, we present the synthesis of two metal-free dibenzo[a,c]phenazine-based covalent organic frameworks (DBP-COFs), specifically JUC-650 and JUC-651, which serve as ORR electrocatalysts. Among them, JUC-650 demonstrates exceptional catalytic performance for ORR in alkaline electrolytes, exhibiting an onset potential of 0.90 V versus RHE and a half-wave potential of 0.72 V versus RHE. Consequently, JUC-650 stands out as one of the most outstanding metal-free COF-based ORR electrocatalysts report to date. Experimental investigations and density functional theory calculations confirm that modulation of the frameworks' electronic configuration allows for the reduction of adsorption energy at the Schiff-base carbon active sites, leading to more efficient ORR processes. Moreover, the DBP-COFs can be assembled as excellent air cathode catalysts for zinc-air batteries (ZAB), rivaling the performance of commercial Pt/C. This study provides valuable insights for the development of efficient metal-free organoelectrocatalysts through precise regulation of active site strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Cuiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yaozu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Daohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, P. R. China
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 6 Marechal Juin, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Shilun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Sun X, Di M, Liu J, Gao L, Yan X, He G. Continuous Covalent Organic Frameworks Membranes: From Preparation Strategies to Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303757. [PMID: 37381640 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous crystalline polymeric materials formed by the covalent bonding of organic units. The abundant organic units library gives the COFs species diversity, easily tuned pore channels, and pore sizes. In addition, the periodic arrangement of organic units endows COFs regular and highly connected pore channels, which has led to the rapid development of COFs in membrane separations. Continuous defect-free and high crystallinity of COF membranes is the key to their application in separations, which is the most important issue to be addressed in the research. This review article describes the linkage types of covalent bonds, synthesis methods, and pore size regulation strategies of COFs materials. Further, the preparation strategies of continuous COFs membranes are highlighted, including layer-by-layer (LBL) stacking, in situ growth, interfacial polymerization (IP), and solvent casting. The applications in separation fields of continuous COFs membranes are also discussed, including gas separation, water treatment, organic solvent nanofiltration, ion conduction, and energy battery membranes. Finally, the research results are summarized and the future prospect for the development of COFs membranes are outlined. More attention may be paid to the large-scale preparation of COFs membranes and the development of conductive COFs membranes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mengting Di
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
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10
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Zhang S, Zhu YL, Ren S, Li C, Chen XB, Li Z, Han Y, Shi Z, Feng S. Covalent Organic Framework with Multiple Redox Active Sites for High-Performance Aqueous Calcium Ion Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17309-17320. [PMID: 37525440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials are promising for cation storage in calcium ion batteries (CIBs). However, the high solubility of organic materials in an electrolyte and low electronic conductivity remain the key challenges for high-performance CIBs. Herein, a nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework with multiple carbonyls (TB-COF) is designed as an aqueous anode to address those obstacles. TB-COF demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 253 mAh g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 and long cycle life (0.01% capacity decay per cycle at 5 A g-1 after 3000 cycles). The redox mechanism of Ca2+/H+ co-intercalated in COF and chelating with C═O and C═N active sites is validated. In addition, a novel C═C active site was identified for Ca2+ ion storage. Both computational and empirical results reveal that per TB-COF repetitive unit, up to nine Ca2+ ions are stored after three staggered intercalation steps, involving three distinct Ca2+ ion storage sites. Finally, the evolution process of radical intermediates further elucidates the C═C reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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11
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Mou X, Xin X, Dong Y, Zhao B, Gao R, Liu T, Li N, Liu H, Xiao Z. Molecular Design of Porous Organic Polymer-Derived Carbonaceous Electrocatalysts for Pinpointing Active Sites in Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104160. [PMID: 37241900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread application of fuel cells is hampered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which traditionally necessitates the use of high-cost platinum group metal catalysts. The indispensability of these metal catalysts stems from their ability to overcome kinetic barriers, but their high cost and scarcity necessitate alternative strategies. In this context, porous organic polymers (POPs), which are built up from the molecular level, are emerging as promising precursors to produce carbonaceous catalysts owning to their cost-effectiveness, high electrical conductivity, abundant active sites and extensive surface area accessibility. To enhance the intrinsic ORR activity and optimize the performance of these electrocatalysts, recognizing, designing, and increasing the density of active sites are identified as three crucial steps. These steps, which form the core of our review, serve to elucidate the link between the material structure design and ORR performance evaluation, thereby providing valuable insights for ongoing research in the field. Leveraging the precision of polymer skeletons based on molecular units, POP-derived carbonaceous catalysts provide an excellent platform for in-depth exploration of the role and working mechanism for the specific active site during the ORR process. In this review, the recent advances pertaining to the synthesis techniques and electrochemical functions of various types of active sites, pinpointed from POPs, are systematically summarized, including heteroatoms, surficial substituents and edge/defects. Notably, the structure-property relationship, between these active sites and ORR performance, are discussed and emphasized, which creates guidelines to shed light on the design of high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Mou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Runze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Tianao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhichang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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12
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Sato K, Osada N, Aihara H. Thienylene combined with pyridylene through planar triazine networks for applications as organic oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11794-11799. [PMID: 37077995 PMCID: PMC10107030 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01431b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent triazine networks are interesting candidates for organic electrocatalytic materials due to their tunable, durable and sustainable nature. However, the limited availability of molecular designs that ensure both two-dimensionality and functional groups in the π-conjugated plane has hindered their development. In this work, a layered triazine network composed of thiophene and pyridine ring was synthesized by the novel mild liquid phase condition. The resulting network showed layered nature since its intramolecular interaction stabilized its planar conformation. The connection on the 2-position of the heteroaromatic ring prevents steric hindrance. The simple acid treatment method could be used to exfoliate the networks, resulting in high yields of nanosheets. The planar triazine network showed superior electrocatalytic properties for the oxygen reduction reaction in the structure-defined covalent organic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Sato
- Organic Materials Chemistry Group, Sagami Chemical Research Institute 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase Kanagawa 252-1193 Japan
| | - Nodoka Osada
- Organic Materials Chemistry Group, Sagami Chemical Research Institute 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase Kanagawa 252-1193 Japan
- Course of Applied Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan
| | - Hidenori Aihara
- Organic Materials Chemistry Group, Sagami Chemical Research Institute 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase Kanagawa 252-1193 Japan
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13
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You Z, Wang B, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Song W, Zhang C, Long X, Xia Y. Metal-Free Carbon-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Heteroatom-Free Units Boost Efficient Oxygen Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209129. [PMID: 36427268 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of carbon-based metal-free electrocatalyst (CMFE) activity and enhancing their catalytic efficiency for O2 conversion is an urgent and challenging task. This study reports a promising strategy to simultaneously develop a series of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with well-defined heterocyclic-free biphenyl or fluorenyl units. Unlike heteroatom doping, the developed method not only supplies methyl-induced molecular configuration to promote activity, but also provides a direct opportunity to identify heteroatom-free carbon active centers. The introduction of methyl groups (MGs) with reversible valence bonds into a pristine biphenyl-based COF results in an excellent performance with a half-wave potential of 0.74 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is among the highest values for CMFE-COFs as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. Combined with in situ Raman spectra and theoretical calculations, the MG-bound skeleton (DAF-COF) is found to produce ortho activation, confirming the ortho carbon (site-5) adjacent to MGs as active centers. This may be attributed to the opening and binding of MGs, which effectively regulate the molecular configuration and charge redistribution, as well as improve charge transfer and reduce the energy barrier. This study provides insight into the design of highly efficient metal-free organic electrocatalysts via the regulation of valence bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihu You
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Weichen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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14
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Wang SH, Chen PZ, Chen YY, Khurshid F, Cai CW, Lai YY, Chung PW, Jeng RJ, Rwei SP, Wang L. Naphthalene Diimide-Based Donor-Acceptor-Donor Small Molecules as Metal-Free Organocatalysts for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43109-43115. [PMID: 36103369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of organic small molecules as metal-free photocatalysts for light-driven photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has seldom been explored. This work developed four naphthalene diimide (NDI)-derived donor-acceptor-donor small molecules with different numbers of thiophene units, namely, NDI-2T, NDI-TT, NDI-4T, and NDI-6T, as metal-free photocatalysts to catalyze the reduction of CO2 under irradiation with an air mass 1.5G solar simulator at one-sun intensity. The structure-property relationship was investigated by exploring the effects of the electron-donating ability of the donor units on the optical properties, redox potential, electron-hole distribution, and exciton lifetime. NDI-6T exhibited the most red-shifted absorption, longest exciton lifetime, and strongest electron-hole separation. However, the large upshift in oxidation potential because of the elevated electron-donating ability of the hexathiophene unit significantly reduced the driving force for catalyst regeneration, leading to poor catalytic performance. Alternatively, NDI-4T possessed proper redox potentials, reduced charge-transfer resistance, and excellent photocurrent intensity; therefore, it effectively converted CO2 to a single product of CO in the presence of water as an electron donor without a sacrificial reagent or cocatalyst with a product yield of 168.6 μmol gcat-1 24 h-1, which was considerably higher than those of NDI-TT (111.9 μmol gcat-1 24 h-1), NDI-2T (88.4 μmol gcat-1 24 h-1), and NDI-6T (40.5 μmol gcat-1 24 h-1). This study provides a practical guideline for the molecular design of conjugated organic molecules as promising photocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hao Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Zhen Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10655, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Farheen Khurshid
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Cai
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10655, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Jong Jeng
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10655, Taiwan
| | - Leeyih Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Bu R, Lu Y, Zhang B. Covalent Organic Frameworks Based Single-site Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Li X, Liu Q, Yang B, Liao Z, Yan W, Xiang Z. An Initial Covalent Organic Polymer with Closed-F Edges Directly for Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204570. [PMID: 35863906 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic polymers (COPs) are a class of rising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to the atomically metrical control of the organic molecular components along with highly architectural robustness and thermodynamic stability even in acid or alkaline media. However, the direct application of pristine COPs as acidic ORR electrocatalysts, especially in device manner, e.g., in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), remains a big challenge. Currently, the decoration toward electronic structures of active sites is considered a vital pathway to enhancing the acidic ORR activity of carbon-based electrocatalysts. Here, an initial F-decorated fully closed π-conjugated quasi-phthalocyanine COP (denoted as COPBTC -F) is reported. The introduction of the closed-F edges stepwise drags more electrons from FeN4 sites in COPBTC -F into the catalyst margin, which weakens the occupied numbers of bonding orbitals between COPBTC -F and OH* intermediates at the rate-determining step, exhibiting over five times intrinsic performance beyond the counterpart without F functionalities (termed as COPBTC ). Significantly, the maximum power density utilizing COPBTC -F as a cathode catalyst in PEMFCs is remarkably increased by an order of magnitude compared with COPBTC , which is a stride forward among catalysts based on a pyrolysis-free conjugated-polymer network in device manner to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bolong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- College of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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17
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Sakamoto R, Toyoda R, Jingyan G, Nishina Y, Kamiya K, Nishihara H, Ogoshi T. Coordination chemistry for innovative carbon-related materials. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Li J, Liu P, Mao J, Yan J, Song W. Revealing the structure-activity relationship in woven covalent organic frameworks for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6126-6132. [PMID: 35388862 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00791f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Woven covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess three-dimensional (3D) frameworks with well-dispersed variable metal centers, showing great promise in heterogeneous catalysis. Until now, woven COFs have not been exploited as catalysts. Herein, COF-112 (a typical woven COF) is utilized as an ORR catalyst to reveal the role of the metal center and linkage. Through metal center variation, the optimal COF-112Co with imine linkage exhibits superior ORR activity (Eonset = 0.87 V vs. RHE, n = 3.86, and JL = 5.78 mA cm-2). Experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate the non-metallic ORR active site and confirm the influence of metal variation in COF-112. A linkage conversion strategy reveals the importance of the imine linkage on the 4e- ORR. This work reveals the structure-activity relationship of woven COFs, which will broaden the application of COFs and extend the diversity of electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Jianxin Mao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Jianyue Yan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Wenbo Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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19
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Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) composed of organic building units linked via covalent bonds are a class of lightweight porous network materials with high surface areas, tuneable pores, and designable components and structures. Owing to their well-preserved characteristics in terms of structure and composition, POPs applied as electrocatalysts have shown promising activity and achieved considerable advances in numerous electrocatalytic reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, CO2 reduction reaction, N2 reduction reaction, nitrate/nitrite reduction reaction, nitrobenzene reduction reaction, hydrogen oxidation reaction, and benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction. Herein, we present a systematic overview of recent advances in the applications of POPs in these electrocatalytic reactions. The synthesis strategies, specific active sites, and catalytic mechanisms of POPs are summarized in this review. The fundamental principles of some electrocatalytic reactions are also concluded. We further discuss the current challenges of and perspectives on POPs for electrocatalytic applications. Meanwhile, the possible future directions are highlighted to afford guidelines for the development of efficient POP electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - You Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuesong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Bao-Hang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Shahsavan M, Wiberg C, Peljo P. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-functionalized naphthalene diimide for aqueous organic flow batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12692-12695. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03316j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid-functionalized naphthalene diimide (GABA-NDI) was synthesized and cycled in a flow battery coupled with ferrocyanide. The battery demonstrated a coulombic efficiency of 99.96% and an energy efficiency of 80.9% at 60 mA cm−2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shahsavan
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Cedrik Wiberg
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Research Group of Battery Materials and Technologies, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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21
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A Nitrogen, Sulfur co-Doped Porphyrin-based Covalent Organic Framework as an Efficient Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Ma W, Li G, Zhong C, Yang Y, Sun Q, Ouyang D, Tong W, Tian W, Zhang L, Lin Z. Room-temperature controllable synthesis of hierarchically flower-like hollow covalent organic frameworks for brain natriuretic peptide enrichment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7362-7365. [PMID: 34196343 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile strategy was introduced for room-temperature controllable synthesis of hierarchically flower-like hollow COFs (FHF-COFs). Furthermore, the universality for synthesis of the HFH-COFs was validated by altering the building units. Inspired by the unique morphology, extremely large surface area and good chemical stability, HFH-COFs could serve as an attractive adsorption probe by loading with gold nanoparticles and be applied to enrichment of brain natriuretic peptide from human serum. This work opens up a whole new approach for controllable synthesis of the HFH-COFs at room temperature and expands the application of COFs as a promising enrichment probe for complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Guorong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Chao Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Yixin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Wei Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Wenchang Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
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23
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Liu R, Tan KT, Gong Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Xie S, He T, Lu Z, Yang H, Jiang D. Covalent organic frameworks: an ideal platform for designing ordered materials and advanced applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:120-242. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks offer a molecular platform for integrating organic units into periodically ordered yet extended 2D and 3D polymers to create topologically well-defined polygonal lattices and built-in discrete micropores and/or mesopores.
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24
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Narzary BB, Baker BC, Yadav N, D'Elia V, Faul CFJ. Crosslinked porous polyimides: structure, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00997d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porous polyimides (pPIs) represent a fascinating class of porous organic polymers (POPs). Here the properties and functions of amorphous and crystalline pPIs are reviewed, and applications contributing to solutions to global challenges highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neha Yadav
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, VISTEC, Thailand
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, VISTEC, Thailand
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25
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Yusran Y, Fang Q, Valtchev V. Electroactive Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002038. [PMID: 32638452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with tailorable compositions, porosities, functionalities, and intrinsic chemical stability. The incorporation of electroactive moieties in the structure transforms COFs into electroactive materials with great potential for energy-related applications. Herein, the recent advances in the design and use of electroactive COFs as capacitors, batteries, conductors, fuel cells, water-splitting, and electrocatalysis are addressed. Their remarkable performance is discussed and compared with other porous materials; hence, perspectives in the development of electroactive COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusran Yusran
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266101, China
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Caen, 14000, France
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26
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Zhang Y, Huang Z, Ruan B, Zhang X, Jiang T, Ma N, Tsai FC. Design and Synthesis of Polyimide Covalent Organic Frameworks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000402. [PMID: 33058422 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a subseries of the covalent organic framework (COF) material family, polyimide-based covalent organic framework (PI-COF) material, which has the advantages of high stability of polyimide, high specific surface area, and controllable pores of COF material, is expected to be a new type of porous material with potential applications. Although the development of PI-COF is in the early stages during the past decade, it has attracted extensive attention and is widely used in heterogeneous catalysis, gas separation, and storage fields. Therefore, this review is aiming to give a comprehensive understanding of the recent progress of PI-COFs. This article summarizes the progress of PI-COF from three aspects: controllable structure design, synthesis method, and application. First of all, under the guidance of network chemical design principles, the topology type of PI-COF and the size and shape of the formed pores are summarized in terms of different organic monomers. Then the five synthetic strategies for the synthesis of PI-COF are analyzed. Finally, the applications of PI-COF in adsorption and separation, drug delivery, solar-to-electrochemical energy storage, photocatalysis, and electrocatalyst are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ning Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Chang Tsai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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Shi J, Zhang X, Lei Y, Li J, Yang Z, Qu K, Cai W. N-Rich hetero-porous defective carbon induced by trace B-doping enables efficient oxygen reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12214-12217. [PMID: 32926015 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04407e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile boron doping strategy to improve the nitrogen retention in carbon-based catalysts is developed toward efficient oxygen reduction reaction via offsetting the electron migration. By considering the hetero-porous structure at the same time, this B, N co-doped catalyst outperforms commercial Pt/C in terms of both activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shi
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yun Lei
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zehui Yang
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Konggang Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage & Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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28
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Guan Q, Wang GB, Zhou LL, Li WY, Dong YB. Nanoscale covalent organic frameworks as theranostic platforms for oncotherapy: synthesis, functionalization, and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3656-3733. [PMID: 36132748 PMCID: PMC9419729 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is one of the most promising domains that has emerged in the continuing search for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The rapid development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology provide a vast array of materials for use in cancer nanomedicine. Among the various nanomaterials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are becoming an attractive class of upstarts owing to their high crystallinity, structural regularity, inherent porosity, extensive functionality, design flexibility, and good biocompatibility. In this comprehensive review, recent developments and key achievements of COFs are provided, including their structural design, synthesis methods, nanocrystallization, and functionalization strategies. Subsequently, a systematic overview of the potential oncotherapy applications achieved till date in the fast-growing field of COFs is provided with the aim to inspire further contributions and developments to this nascent but promising field. Finally, development opportunities, critical challenges, and some personal perspectives for COF-based cancer therapeutics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Guang-Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Le-Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
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29
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Zhi Y, Wang Z, Zhang HL, Zhang Q. Recent Progress in Metal-Free Covalent Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001070. [PMID: 32419332 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), connecting different organic units into one system through covalent bonds, are crystalline organic porous materials with 2D or 3D networks. Compared with conventional porous materials such as inorganic zeolite, active carbon, and metal-organic frameworks, COFs are a new type of porous materials with well-designed pore structure, high surface area, outstanding stability, and easy functionalization at the molecular level, which have attracted extensive attention in various fields, such as energy storage, gas separation, sensing, photoluminescence, proton conduction, magnetic properties, drug delivery, and heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, the recent advances in metal-free COFs as a versatile platform for heterogeneous catalysis in a wide range of chemical reactions are presented and the synthetic strategy and promising catalytic applications of COF-based catalysts (including photocatalysis) are summarized. According to the types of catalytic reactions, this review is divided into the following five parts for discussion: achiral organic catalysis, chiral organic conversion, photocatalytic organic reactions, photocatalytic energy conversion (including water splitting and the reduction of carbon dioxide), and photocatalytic pollutant degradation. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and prospects of COFs as heterogeneous catalysts are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zongrui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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30
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Türel T, Mahadevan G, Valiyaveettil S. Modular Synthesis and Structure-Property Correlation of Pyrene - Rylene Dyes for Cellular Imaging. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tankut Türel
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Gomathi Mahadevan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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31
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García-Arroyo P, Arrieta MP, Garcia-Garcia D, Cuervo-Rodríguez R, Fombuena V, Mancheño MJ, Segura JL. Plasticized poly(lactic acid) reinforced with antioxidant covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as novel nanofillers designed for non-migrating active packaging applications. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Martín‐Illán JA, Royuela S, Mar Ramos M, Segura JL, Zamora F. Gas–Solid Heterogeneous Postsynthetic Modification of Imine‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2020; 26:6495-6498. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Martín‐Illán
- Departamento de InorgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Sergio Royuela
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CC. QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y AmbientalUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid 28933 Spain
| | - M. Mar Ramos
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y AmbientalUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid 28933 Spain
| | - José L. Segura
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CC. QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Félix Zamora
- Departamento de InorgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
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33
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Li X, Yadav P, Loh KP. Function-oriented synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks – from 3D solids to 2D sheets. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4835-4866. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review provides guidelines for the function-oriented synthesis of 2D COFs from 3D solids to 2D sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
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