1
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Raji Reddy C, Edhara V, Kumari A, Patil AD, Thandavamurthy K. Entry to 4,5-fused coumarin frameworks via radical-promoted alkylative intramolecular C5-annulation. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39054964 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented radical-promoted strategy involving a domino alkylation/intramolecular C5-annulation of N-acryloyl-4-amino coumarin has been devised for the assembly of 4,5-fused coumarin scaffolds. This protocol employs silver-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation for the generation of alkyl radicals from carboxylic acids, which were used as radical precursors. This method has also been extended to a diverse range of carbon-centered radicals generated from 2-oxo acids, a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, isopropanol and acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Venkatareddy Edhara
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Ankita Kumari
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Amol D Patil
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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2
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Raji Reddy C, Neeliveettil A, Ajaykumar U, Punna N, Neuville L, Masson G. Access to N-Fused Quinazolinones by Radical-Promoted Cascade Annulations of Alkenyl N-Cyanamides with Aromatic Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7115-7124. [PMID: 38691342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A cascade radical cyclization of alkenyl N-cyanamides with aromatic aldehydes has been achieved for an expeditious synthesis of keto-methylated dihydropyrrolo-quinazolinones. Benzoyl radicals, generated from aryl aldehydes in the presence of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), promoted the domino annulations leading to distinctive functionalized quinazolinones in good yields. In addition, the robustness of the present protocol is validated by employing heterocyclic and natural product-based aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anootha Neeliveettil
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Uprety Ajaykumar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagender Punna
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Geraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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3
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Suman P, Tomar K, Nishad CS, Banerjee B. Metal-free synthesis of carbamoylated dihydroquinolinones via cascade radical annulation of cinnamamides with oxamic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1821-1833. [PMID: 38332745 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01856c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
We report a metal-free procedure for the sustainable synthesis of carbamoylated dihydroquinolinones via tandem addition-cyclization of carbamoyl radicals to cinnamamides. Readily accessible, non-toxic and inexpensive oxamic acids are used as carbamoyl radical precursors. This highly straightforward method provides a mild and environmentally friendly route showing good atom economy and excellent functional group tolerance to obtain diverse medicinally important carbamoylated dihydroquinolinones in one pot. The cascade cyclization is also modular and step-economical with a wide substrate scope and the products were obtained in good to excellent yields. Additionally, the tolerance to air and water, operational simplicity, low cost and scalability enhance the practical value of the proposed synthetic strategy. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that cheap and environment-friendly ammonium persulfate acts as a radical initiator in the cascade process and generates carbamoyl radicals from oxamic acids. The synthetic utility of this method is further demonstrated by late stage functionalization of drug molecules with good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Suman
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151401, India.
| | - Kirti Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151401, India.
| | | | - Biplab Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151401, India.
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4
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Heating-induced decarboxylative cyclization for the synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles from trifluoroacetimidohydrazides and α-oxocarboxylic acids. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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5
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Shan Y, Yang Z, Yu JT, Pan C. Metal-free polychloromethyl radical-initiated cyclization of unactivated N-allylindoles towards pyrrolo[1,2- a]indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5259-5263. [PMID: 35735246 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free polychloromethyl radical-initiated cyclization of unactivated alkenes was developed using CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 as the di- and trichloromethyl radical sources. Variously substituted N-allyl-indoles were successfully transformed into the corresponding C2-(di- and trichloromethyl) pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles in moderate to good yields. This reaction has a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Dibromomethylated products can also be obtained using CH2Br2 under standard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Shan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Zixian Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Changduo Pan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China.
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6
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Semwal R, Badhani G, Adimurthy S. Pd-catalyzed annulation of imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines with coumarins and indoles: synthesis of benzofuran and indole fused heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1585-1588. [PMID: 35018924 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06803b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed annulation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with coumarins provided benzofuran fused transannulated products in good to excellent yields via a decarbonylative approach, while imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with N-methyl indoles in the presence of palladium and base yielded conjugated imidazopyridine fused indole derivatives. Additional experiments revealed that the presence of the phenyl ring at the C-2 position of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines is essential for the annulation than the alkyl groups. Both transformations follow the ionic mechanism by Pd-catalyzed double C-H bond activation. All the annulated products were shown to exhibit high fluorescence characteristics and their photophysical properties were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Semwal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad; CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364 002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Gaurav Badhani
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad; CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364 002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Subbarayappa Adimurthy
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad; CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364 002, Gujarat, India.
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7
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Ding R, Deng YH, Luo S, Tang XF, Liu L, Wang PL. Metal-free regioselective cascade sulfonylation-cyclization of 3-aza-1,5-enynes with sulfur dioxide and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates to construct 1,2-dihydropyridines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00175f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical cascade cyclization of tethered alkynes has emerged as an efficient tool to construct small but complex cyclic compounds. However, it currently relies on aryl or heteroaryl-tethered alkynes to give...
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8
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Yechun W, Jintao Y. Recent Advances in the Decarboxylative Acylation/Cyclization of α-Keto Acids. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Zhang J, Wu M, Ju H, Yang H, Qian B, Ding K, Wu J, Xie M. K2S2O8-mediated acylarylation of unactivated alkenes via acyl radical addition/C–H annulation cascade of N-allyl-indoles with silver cocatalysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01069g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed, K2S2O8-mediated protocol to access the regioselective acylarylation of unactivated alkenes was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Manyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Baiyang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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10
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Wang W, Zhang M, Yang W, Yang X. Research Progress in Radical Cascade Reaction Using Nitrogen Heterocycle in Indoles as Radical Acceptors. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Rawat D, Adimurthy S. Transannulation of Pyridotriazoles with Naphthoquinones and Indoles: Synthesis of Benzo[
f
]Pyrido[1,2‐
a
]Indoles and Indolizino[3,2‐
b
]indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rawat
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research Ghaziabad CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364 002. Gujarat INDIA)
| | - Subbarayappa Adimurthy
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research Ghaziabad CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute G. B. Marg Bhavnagar 364 002. Gujarat INDIA)
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12
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Yu WQ, Xie J, Chen Z, Xiong BQ, Liu Y, Tang KW. Visible-Light-Induced Transition-Metal-Free Nitrogen-Centered Radical Strategy for the Synthesis of 2-Acylated 9 H-Pyrrolo[1,2- a]indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13720-13733. [PMID: 34523335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient visible-light-induced tandem acylation/cyclization of N-propargylindoles with aryl- or alkyl-substituted acyl oxime esters for the synthesis of 2-acyl-substituted 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles under transition-metal-free conditions, which proceeds via nitrogen-centered radical-mediated cleavage of the C-C σ-bond in acyl oxime esters, is established. The aryl or alkyl acyl radicals, which come from acyl oxime esters, attack the C-C triple bonds in N-propargylindoles and then go through intramolecular cyclization/isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Zan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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13
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Shelke YG, Hande PE, Gharpure SJ. Recent advances in the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2- a]indoles and their derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7544-7574. [PMID: 34524330 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole unit is a privileged heterocycle found in numerous natural products and has been shown to exhibit diverse pharmacological properties. Thus, recent years have witnessed immense interest from the synthesis community on the synthesis of this scaffold. In light of the ever-increasing demand for pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles in drug discovery, this review provides an overview of recent synthesis methods for the preparation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles and their derivatives. The mechanistic pathway and stereo-electronic factors affecting the yield and selectivity of the product are briefly explained. Furthermore, we have attempted to demonstrate the utility of the developed methods in the synthesis of bioactive molecules and natural products, wherever offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh G Shelke
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Pankaj E Hande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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14
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Sun B, Shi R, Zhang K, Tang X, Shi X, Xu J, Yang J, Jin C. Photoinduced homolytic decarboxylative acylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes with α-keto acid under external oxidant and photocatalyst free conditions: access to quinazolinone derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6050-6053. [PMID: 34036995 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel and green strategy for the synthesis of acylated quinazolinone derivatives via photo-induced decarboxylative cascade radical acylation/cyclization of quinazolinone bearing unactivated alkenes has been developed. The protocol provides a novel route to access acyl radicals from α-keto acids through a self-catalyzed energy transfer process. Most importantly, the reaction proceeded smoothly without any external photocatalyst, additive or oxidant, and could be easily scaled-up in flow conditions with sunlight irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Rongcheng Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kesheng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiayue Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Can Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China. and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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15
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Zhu HL, Zeng FL, Chen XL, Sun K, Li HC, Yuan XY, Qu LB, Yu B. Acyl Radicals from α-Keto Acids: Metal-Free Visible-Light-Promoted Acylation of Heterocycles. Org Lett 2021; 23:2976-2980. [PMID: 33780256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A general and metal-free visible-light-induced decarboxylative arylation procedure at room temperature was described for the construction of acylated heterocyclic derivatives, such as benzimidazo/indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones, aroylazaspiro[4.5]trienones, thioflavones, and so on. This practical arylation procedure was conducted by using 2,4,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN) as a photocatalyst under mild conditions, which avoided the use of an additional base, traditional heating, and metal reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Lin Zhu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fan-Lin Zeng
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hao-Cong Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Yuan
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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16
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Hunjan MK, Panday S, Gupta A, Bhaumik J, Das P, Laha JK. Recent Advances in Functionalization of Pyrroles and their Translational Potential. CHEM REC 2021; 21:715-780. [PMID: 33650751 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Among the known aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, pyrrole represents a privileged aromatic heterocycle ranging its occurrence in the key component of "pigments of life" to biologically active natural products to active pharmaceuticals. Pyrrole being an electron-rich heteroaromatic compound, its predominant functionalization is legendary to aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions. Although a few excellent reviews on the functionalization of pyrroles including the reports by Baltazzi in 1963, Casiraghi and Rassu in 1995, and Banwell in 2006 are available, they are fragmentary and over fifteen years old, and do not cover the modern aspects of catalysis. A review covering a comprehensive package of direct functionalization on pyrroles via catalytic and non-catalytic methods including their translational potential is described. Subsequent to statutory yet concise introduction, the classical functionalization on pyrroles using Lewis acids largely following an ionic mechanism is discussed. The subsequent discussion follows the various metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization on pyrroles, which are otherwise difficult to implement by Lewis acids. A major emphasize is given on the radical based pyrrole functionalization under metal-free oxidative conditions, which is otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Towards the end, the current development of pyrrole functionalization under photocatalyzed and electrochemical conditions is appended. Only a selected examples of substrates and important mechanisms are discussed for different methods highlighting their scopes and limitations. The aromatic nucleophillic substitution on pyrroles (being an electron-rich heterocycle) happened to be the subject of recent investigations, which has also been covered accentuating their underlying conceptual development. Despite great achievements over the past several years in these areas, many challenges and problems are yet to be solved, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur Hunjan
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Surabhi Panday
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S., Nagar, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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17
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Reddy CR, Srinivasu E, Sathish P, Subbarao M, Donthiri RR. One-Pot Arylative Benzannulation of 2-Carbonyl-3-propargyl Indoles with Boronic Acids Leading to Arylated Carbazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1118-1132. [PMID: 33322899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arylative annulation of 2-carbonyl-3-propargyl indoles with boronic acids under sequential palladium/triflic acid catalysis is described. The present strategy to provide di- and triaryl carbazoles in one pot involves benzannulation through difunctionalization of alkynes. The strategy showed a good substrate scope with respect to boronic acids as well as 2-carbonyl-3-propargyl indoles to afford the corresponding carbazoles in decent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ejjirotu Srinivasu
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Puppala Sathish
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Muppidi Subbarao
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramachandra Reddy Donthiri
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
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18
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Lu WQ, Zhou DB, Yin ZC, Liu QS, Wang GW. A copper-promoted synthesis of epoxy-bridged [60]fullerene-fused lactones and further derivatization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7043-7046. [PMID: 34170275 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02669k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A facile copper-promoted decarboxylative annulation of [60]fullerene (C60) with two identical α-oxocarboxylic acids via an unprecedented cascade addition pathway has been exploited to synthesize the unique epoxy-bridged C60-fused lactones for the first time. Further transformations into the rare epoxy-bridged C60-fused hemiacetals and bicyclic-fused 1,2,3,4-adducts as well as application in a perovskite solar cell device of the obtained products have also been demonstrated. The structures of the epoxy-bridged C60-fused lactones and derived reductive products have been unequivocally established by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Plausible reaction mechanisms leading to the observed products are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Dian-Bing Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng-Chun Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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19
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Liao J, Yang X, Ouyang L, Lai Y, Huang J, Luo R. Recent advances in cascade radical cyclization of radical acceptors for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to highlighting main achievements in the development of cascade radical cyclization of radical acceptors for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yinlong Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan 512005
- China
| | - Jiuzhong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Renshi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
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20
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Li J, Lu XC, Xu Y, Wen JX, Hou GQ, Liu L. Photoredox Catalysis Enables Decarboxylative Cyclization with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents: Access to 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:9621-9626. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xue-Chen Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jin-Xia Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guo-Quan Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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21
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Reddy CR, Kolgave DH, Subbarao M, Aila M, Prajapti SK. Ag-Catalyzed Oxidative ipso-Cyclization via Decarboxylative Acylation/Alkylation: Access to 3-Acyl/Alkyl-spiro[4.5]trienones. Org Lett 2020; 22:5342-5346. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Dattahari H. Kolgave
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Muppidi Subbarao
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Mounika Aila
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapti
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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22
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Raji Reddy C, Mallesh K, Bodasu S, Donthiri RR. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Domino [4 + 2] Annulation/Aza-Michael Addition of N-(Pivaloyloxy)benzamides with 1,5-Enynes via C–H Activation: Synthesis of Functionalized Aromathecins. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7905-7915. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Kathe Mallesh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Srinivas Bodasu
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ramachandra Reddy Donthiri
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
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23
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Nair AM, Shinde AH, Kumar S, Volla CMR. Metal-free spirocyclization of N-arylpropiolamides with glyoxylic acids: access to complex azaspiro-fused tricycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12367-12370. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04800c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient K2S2O8-mediated oxidative cascade spirocyclization of N-arylpropiolamides with aryl glyoxylic acids was demonstrated for constructing azaspiro[4,5]-trienones and complex azaspiro-fused architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay M. Nair
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Powai
- India
| | - Anand H. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Powai
- India
| | - Shreemoyee Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Powai
- India
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