1
|
Janoszka N, Azhdari S, Hils C, Coban D, Schmalz H, Gröschel AH. Morphology and Degradation of Multicompartment Microparticles Based on Semi-Crystalline Polystyrene- block-Polybutadiene- block-Poly( L-lactide) Triblock Terpolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244358. [PMID: 34960909 PMCID: PMC8706259 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The confinement assembly of block copolymers shows great potential regarding the formation of functional microparticles with compartmentalized structure. Although a large variety of block chemistries have already been used, less is known about microdomain degradation, which could lead to mesoporous microparticles with particularly complex morphologies for ABC triblock terpolymers. Here, we report on the formation of triblock terpolymer-based, multicompartment microparticles (MMs) and the selective degradation of domains into mesoporous microparticles. A series of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(L-lactide) (PS-b-PB-b-PLLA, SBL) triblock terpolymers was synthesized by a combination of anionic vinyl and ring-opening polymerization, which were transformed into microparticles through evaporation-induced confinement assembly. Despite different block compositions and the presence of a crystallizable PLLA block, we mainly identified hexagonally packed cylinders with a PLLA core and PB shell embedded in a PS matrix. Emulsions were prepared with Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membranes leading to a narrow size distribution of the microparticles and control of the average particle diameter, d ≈ 0.4 µm–1.8 µm. The core–shell cylinders lie parallel to the surface for particle diameters d < 0.5 µm and progressively more perpendicular for larger particles d > 0.8 µm as verified with scanning and transmission electron microscopy and particle cross-sections. Finally, the selective degradation of the PLLA cylinders under basic conditions resulted in mesoporous microparticles with a pronounced surface roughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Janoszka
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany; (N.J.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Suna Azhdari
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany; (N.J.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Deniz Coban
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany; (N.J.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (A.H.G.)
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany; (N.J.); (S.A.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (A.H.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zou Y, Zhou X, Ma J, Yang X, Deng Y. Recent advances in amphiphilic block copolymer templated mesoporous metal-based materials: assembly engineering and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1173-1208. [PMID: 31967137 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous metal-based materials (MMBMs) have received unprecedented attention in catalysis, sensing, and energy storage and conversion owing to their unique electronic structures, uniform mesopore size and high specific surface area. In the last decade, great progress has been made in the design and application of MMBMs; in particular, many novel assembly engineering methods and strategies based on amphiphilic block copolymers as structure-directing agents have also been developed for the "bottom-up" construction of a variety of MMBMs. Development of MMBMs is therefore of significant importance from both academic and practical points of view. In this review, we provide a systematic elaboration of the molecular assembly methods and strategies for MMBMs, such as tuning the driving force between amphiphilic block copolymers and various precursors (i.e., metal salts, nanoparticles/clusters and polyoxometalates) for pore characteristics and physicochemical properties. The structure-performance relationship of MMBMs (e.g., pore size, surface area, crystallinity and crystal structure) based on various spectroscopy analysis techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculation is discussed and the influence of the surface/interfacial properties of MMBMs (e.g., active surfaces, heterojunctions, binding sites and acid-base properties) in various applications is also included. The prospect of accurately designing functional mesoporous materials and future research directions in the field of MMBMs is pointed out in this review, and it will open a new avenue for the inorganic-organic assembly in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xinran Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Junhao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuanyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hils C, Dulle M, Sitaru G, Gekle S, Schöbel J, Frank A, Drechsler M, Greiner A, Schmalz H. Influence of patch size and chemistry on the catalytic activity of patchy hybrid nonwovens. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:438-452. [PMID: 36133996 PMCID: PMC9419548 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we provide a detailed study on the influence of patch size and chemistry on the catalytic activity of patchy hybrid nonwovens in the gold nanoparticle (Au NP) catalysed alcoholysis of dimethylphenylsilane in n-butanol. The nonwovens were produced by coaxial electrospinning, employing a polystyrene solution as the core and a dispersion of spherical or worm-like patchy micelles with functional, amino group-bearing patches (dimethyl and diisopropyl amino groups as anchor groups for Au NP) as the shell. Subsequent loading by dipping into a dispersion of preformed Au NPs yields the patchy hybrid nonwovens. In terms of NP stabilization, i.e., preventing agglomeration, worm-like micelles with poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylamide) (PDMA) patches are most efficient. Kinetic studies employing an extended 1st order kinetics model, which includes the observed induction periods, revealed a strong dependence on the accessibility of the Au NPs' surface to the reactants. The accessibility is controlled by the swellability of the functional patches in n-butanol, which depends on both patch chemistry and size. As a result, significantly longer induction (t ind) and reaction (t R) times were observed for the 1st catalysis cycles in comparison to the 10th cycles and nonwovens with more polar PDMA patches show a significantly lower t R in the 1st catalysis cycle. Thus, the unique patchy surface structure allows tailoring the properties of this "tea-bag"-like catalyst system in terms of NP stabilization and catalytic performance, which resulted in a significant reduction of t R to about 4 h for an optimized system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Martin Dulle
- JCNS-1/ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Gabriel Sitaru
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik VI, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Theoretische Physik VI, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Judith Schöbel
- Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Frank
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Keylab Optical and Electron Microscopy, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Keylab Synthesis and Molecular Characterization, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Keylab Synthesis and Molecular Characterization, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| |
Collapse
|