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Ioniţă S, Pătrașcu M, Soare EM, Lincu D, Atkinson I, Rusu A, Pop MM, Iordache C, Ușurelu CD, Baltac AS, Mitran RA, Pandele-Cuşu J, Fruth V. Rapid Synthesis and Evaluation of Resveratrol-Piperazine Cocrystals by Ultrasound and Microwave Methods. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1843-1853. [PMID: 39112777 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resveratrol-piperazine cocrystals have been obtained by ultrasound (US) and microwave-assisted (MW) techniques, using the solution and slurry-based methods, to study the influence of the synthesis method on the resulting cocrystal properties, and scalability of the processes. The potential of these cocrystals is represented by the unique properties of their components, resveratrol, and piperazine, which could be also used in veterinary practice. Resveratrol has antimicrobial, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties, while piperazine can be used in the treatment of parasitic infections. METHODS The influence of ultrasound and microwave-assisted treatment was studied by varying synthesis parameters such as reaction time, temperature, and US or MW power. The main advantage of using these methods is represented by shorter synthesis time compared to conventional methods, resulting in the direct formation of the cocrystals. RESULTS All samples were obtained in high purity, above 97%. Cocrystal yield correlated positively with ultrasound reaction time, while temperature was not found to influence the microwave synthesis yield up to 50°C, in the case of solution-based methods. MW and US-assisted solution-based methods lead to yields between 52.9 and 68.1%. In the case of the slurry-based method, a minimum reaction time of 5 min leads to the formation of cocrystals with high purity. The resveratrol-piperazine cocrystal's solubility and in vitro antibacterial activity were also evaluated, showing promising results. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound and microwave-assisted techniques offer a viable alternative for synthesizing resveratrol-piperazine cocrystals with short reaction times, high yield, and purity, suitable for scalable resveratrol-piperazine cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ioniţă
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Pătrașcu
- Research & Development Department, Primosal Srl, Str. Dreptății Nr. 6, 060886, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Mirabela Soare
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Lincu
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Atkinson
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Rusu
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Coca Iordache
- TeraCrystal SRL, Donat, no. 67 - 103, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cătălina-Diana Ușurelu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Simona Baltac
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
- Horia Hulubei" National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Centre of Technological Irradiation IRASM, Magurele, Ilfov County, Romania
| | - Raul-Augustin Mitran
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jeanina Pandele-Cuşu
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor Fruth
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania.
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Sakhiya DC, Borkhataria CH. A review on advancement of cocrystallization approach and a brief on screening, formulation and characterization of the same. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29057. [PMID: 38601657 PMCID: PMC11004889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is, to discuss recent advancements in screening methods for co-formers, evaluation cum confirmation methods and co-crystallization with examples. Co-crystals are considered as a new form of an old drug entity. Co-crystals improve the stability, hygroscopicity, solubility, dissolution, and physicochemical properties of pure drugs without altering chemical and pharmacological properties. Advancement in co-crystal formulation methods like electrospray and laser-irradiation methods are showing potential for solvent-free co-crystallization and tends to give better yield and lesser loss of materials. Screening methods are also transformed from trial and error to in-silico methods, which facilitate the selection process by reducing the time of screening and increasing the number of co-formers to be screened. Advanced evaluation methods like Raman and solid-state NMR spectroscopy provide a better understanding of crystal lattice by pinpointing the interaction between drug/co-former molecules. The same evaluation methods can also differentiate between the formation of salt and co-crystals. Co-crystals are helping open a new door in pharmaceutical industries in the field of formulation for the improvement of physicochemical properties in existing old molecules and several new molecules. With a motto of "making a good drug better", co-crystals show scope for vast research and give researchers an ocean of opportunities to make the impossible, possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv C. Sakhiya
- Gujarat Technological University (GTU) Nr.Vishwakarma Government Engineering College Nr.Visat Three Roads, Visat - Gandhinagar Highway Chandkheda, Ahmedabad, 382424, Gujarat, India
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Rajbhar K, Karodadeo GR, Kumar V, Barethiya V, Lahane A, Kale S, Thakre V, Dixit G, Kohale N, Hiradeve S, Rarokar NR. Comparative assessment of solubility enhancement of itroconazole by solid dispersion and co-crystallization technique: Investigation of simultaneous effect of media composition on drug dissolution. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:843-855. [PMID: 37182590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Solubility of the drug is an important property of the drug as it affects the release, absorption, dissolution rate and ultimately bioavailability of the drug. Hence, the poorly aqueous soluble drug, need to be processed, to enhance its solubility and dissolution. The Biopharmaceutical System of Classification (BCS) II drugs are poorly soluble and have high permeability. Though their good ability to permeate through the membrane make them clinically useful but the problem associated with the solubility restrict their clinical use. Therefore, there is need to improve the solubility of such drug molecules to get effective pharmacological action. Itraconazole (ITZ) is an antifungal agent used in the treatment of fungal infections having poor aqueous solubility as belonging to BCS class II. The present study was aim to enhance the solubility of ITZ by solid dispersion and co-crystallization techniques. Investigation of simultaneous effect of media composition on drug dissolution was also the objective of this work. The ITZ-SD and ITZ-CCs were prepared from ITZ and other excipients like PEG 4000, oxalic acid, fumaric and malic acid by solvent evaporation, kneading technique, slurry conversion and solvent drop grinding methods. The prepared ITZ-SD, ITZ-OA-CCs, ITZ-FA-CCs and ITZ-MA-CCs were evaluated for FTIR, DSC, PXRD, % yield, micromeritic properties. The optimized ITZ-SD and ITZ-CCs were used to compress a tablet and subject to post-compression parameters. The results of FTIR and DSC showed the absence of interaction between the drug and excipients. The PXRD pattern demonstrated the formation of crystalline structures with 6 folds increased in solubility during saturation solubility analysis. In vitro dissolution was carried out in dissolution media with different pH which shows the maximum release from ITZ-SD and ITZ-CCs in pH 6.8. This also revealed the highly pH dependent solubility and dissolution behavior of the weakly basic BCS class II drug (ITZ) with pKa value of 3.7. The overall results in this study indicated the potential of solid dispersion and co-crystals for enhancement of solubility of the poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Rajbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic zone building, Hingna road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Ramesh Karodadeo
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Prarthana Samaj, Raja Rammohan Roy Road, Girgaon, Mumbai, 400004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varsha Barethiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic zone building, Hingna road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Lahane
- Dr. R.N. Lahoti Pharmaceutical Education and Research Center, Sultanpur, Buldhana, 443302, India
| | - Shubham Kale
- Vardhaman College of Pharmacy, Karanja (Lad), Dist-Washim, 444105 Washim, India
| | - Vaibhav Thakre
- Vardhaman College of Pharmacy, Karanja (Lad), Dist-Washim, 444105 Washim, India
| | - Gouri Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic zone building, Hingna road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Kohale
- Vardhaman College of Pharmacy, Karanja (Lad), Dist-Washim, 444105 Washim, India
| | - Sachin Hiradeve
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Ramesh Rarokar
- G H Raisoni Institute of Life Sciences, Shradha Park, Hingna-Wadi Link Road, Nagpur, 440016, Maharashtra, India.
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Pharmaceutical cocrystal of antibiotic drugs: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Nugrahani I. Sustainable Pharmaceutical Preparation Methods and Solid-state Analysis Supporting Green Pharmacy. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200711150729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Every "entity" or compound has physical and chemical properties as references for the synthesis
and determination of the entity's structure. Thermodynamically, solid-state is the most stable
matter in the universe and to be the ideal form in structure elucidation of pharmaceutical. The dry
treatments, such as mechanochemistry, microwave heating, and the using of deep eutectic agent are
becoming popular. These techniques are viewed as futuristic methods for reducing environmental damage,
in line with "green pharmacy" concept. On the other hand, solid-state analysis methods from the
simplest to the most sophisticated one have been used in the long decades, but most are for qualitative
purposes. Recently many reports have proven that solid-state analysis instruments are reliable and prospective
for implementing in the quantitative measurement. Infrared spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction,
and differential scanning calorimetry have been employed in various kinetics and content determination
studies. A revolutionary method developed for structural elucidation is single-crystal diffraction,
which is capable of rapidly and accurately determining a three-dimensional chemical structure.
Hereby it is shown that the accurate, precise, economic, ease, rapid-speed, and reliability of solidstate
analysis methods are eco-benefits by reducing the reagent, catalyst, and organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Nugrahani
- Pharmacochemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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Dias JL, Lanza M, Ferreira SR. Cocrystallization: A tool to modulate physicochemical and biological properties of food-relevant polyphenols. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
With an increasing interest in cocrystals due to various advantages, demand for large-scale cocrystallization techniques is rising. Solution cocrystallization is a solvent-based approach that utilizes several single-component crystallization concepts as well as equipment for generating cocrystals. Solution-based techniques can produce cocrystals with reasonable control on purity, size distribution, morphology, and polymorphic form. Many of them also offer a scalable solution for the industrial production of cocrystals. However, the complexity of the thermodynamic landscape and the kinetics of cocrystallization offers fresh challenges which are not encountered in single component crystallization. This review focuses on the recent developments in different solution cocrystallization techniques for the production of pharmaceutically relevant cocrystals. The review consists of two sections. The first section describes the various solution cocrystallization methods, highlighting their benefits and limitations. The second section emphasizes the challenges in developing these techniques to an industrial scale and identifies the major thrust areas where further research is required.
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