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Zhao X, Li Y, Zhao X. Density Functional Theory Study of the Point Defects on KDP (100) and (101) Surfaces. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249014. [PMID: 36558145 PMCID: PMC9785294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surface defects are usually associated with the formation of other forms of expansion defects in crystals, which have an impact on the crystals' growth quality and optical properties. Thereby, the structure, stability, and electronic structure of the hydrogen and oxygen vacancy defects (VH and VO) on the (100) and (101) growth surfaces of KDP crystals were studied by using density functional theory. The effects of acidic and alkaline environments on the structure and properties of surface defects were also discussed. It has been found that the considered vacancy defects have different properties on the (100) and (101) surfaces, especially those that have been reported in the bulk KDP crystals. The (100) surface has a strong tolerance for surface VH and VO defects, while the VO defect causes a large lattice relaxation on the (101) surface and introduces a deep defect level in the band gap, which damages the optical properties of KDP crystals. In addition, the results show that the acidic environment is conducive to the repair of the VH defects on the surface and can eliminate the defect states introduced by the surface VO defects, which is conducive to improving the quality of the crystal surface and reducing the defect density. Our study opens up a new way to understand the structure and properties of surface defects in KDP crystals, which are different from the bulk phase, and also provides a theoretical basis for experimentally regulating the surface defects in KDP crystals through an acidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Zhao
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanlu Li
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xian Zhao
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering of Shandong University, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Z.)
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Li Y, Jiang X, Wu P, Zhang L, Liu B, Li Y, Zhao X, Sun X, Xu M. Insight into the Stability and Properties of Zn‐Doped KH
2
PO
4
Crystal by Hybrid Density Functional Theory. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory Research Center of Laser Fusion CAEP Mianyang 621900 P. R. China
| | - Xuanyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Lisong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Baoan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yanlu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering of Shandong University Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Mingxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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Xu M, Liu B, Zhang L, Ren H, Gu Q, Sun X, Wang S, Xu X. Progress on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals for high power laser system application. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:241. [PMID: 35906198 PMCID: PMC9338038 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we introduce the progress in the growth of large-aperture DKDP crystals and some aspects of crystal quality including determination of deuterium content, homogeneity of deuterium distribution, residual strains, nonlinear absorption, and laser-induced damage resistance for its application in high power laser system. Large-aperture high-quality DKDP crystal with deuteration level of 70% has been successfully grown by the traditional method, which can fabricate the large single-crystal optics with the size exceeding 400 mm. Neutron diffraction technique is an efficient method to research the deuterium content and 3D residual strains in single crystals. More efforts have been paid in the processes of purity of raw materials, continuous filtration technology, thermal annealing and laser conditioning for increasing the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) and these processes enable the currently grown crystals to meet the specifications of the laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF), although the laser damage mechanism and laser conditioning mechanism are still not well understood. The advancements on growth of large-aperture high-quality DKDP crystal would support the development of ICF in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Baoan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lisong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Qingtian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Shenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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Ding W, Cheng J, Zhao L, Wang Z, Yang H, Liu Z, Xu Q, Wang J, Geng F, Chen M. Determination of intrinsic defects of functional KDP crystals with flawed surfaces and their effect on the optical properties. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10041-10050. [PMID: 35815691 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01862d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A practically nonlinear optical material, the functional KH2PO4 (KDP) crystal, has an extremely low laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) due to manufacturing-induced surface defects. The low LIDT induced by these surface defects of KDP crystals hinders their application in laser fusion facilities. Herein, the effect of intrinsic point defects introduced by manufacturing-induced lateral cracks on laser damage was particularly investigated by a combination of spectral detection (i.e., photoluminescence, Raman and Fourier transformed infrared spectra) and first-principles calculation. It was determined that the manufacturing-induced lateral cracks would introduce more hydrogen vacancy and oxygen vacancy intrinsic defects than the ideal surface. These intrinsic defects would form cluster-type defects, lowering the LIDT to 6.600 J cm-2 by introducing two defect levels of 2.83 eV and 4.89 eV within the band gap of the KDP crystal. To further investigate the effect of intrinsic defects introduced by lateral cracks on laser-induced damage growth, the transformation of charge states of intrinsic defects under laser irradiation was calculated. Combined with the spectral information of the lateral crack-induced laser damage site and the laser damage growth experiments, it was found that the intrinsic defects of lateral cracks have a large amount of evolution, making the crystal prone to severe damage growth. Overall, the avoidance of such lateral cracks with a large number of intrinsic defects is very beneficial for improving the laser damage resistance of KDP crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Linjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Feng Geng
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Wei L, Li Y, Jiang X, Wu P, Zhang L, Liu B, Zhao X, Chai X, Xu M, Sun X, Hong W. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and first-principals calculations of Cr3+ doped KDP crystals. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals with the Cr(NO3)3 doping at ~10 ppm level were studied by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and...
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