1
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Kronawitter SM, Kieslich G. The wondrous world of ABX 3 molecular perovskites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39291797 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The substitution of atoms with molecular building blocks to form hybrid organic-inorganic networks has been an important research theme for several decades. ABX3 molecular perovskites (MolPs) are a subclass of hybrid networks, adopting the perovskite structure with cationic and anionic molecules on the A-site and X-site. MolPs such as ((CH3)2NH2)Zn(HCOO)3 or ((n-C3H7)4N)Mn(C2N3)3 show a range of fascinating structure-chemical properties, including temperature-driven phase transitions that include a change of polarity as interesting for ferroelectrics, pressure-driven order-disorder phase transitions as interesting for barocaloric solid-state refrigeration, and most recently, melting-behaviour before decomposition with subsequent glass formation after cooling. In this feature article, we take a more personal perspective, overviewing the field's current state and outlining future directions. We start by comparing the MolPs' structural chemistry with their inorganic parents, a comparison that helps us identify opportunities for material design. After discussing the MolPs' potential as barocalorics, ferroelectrics, and in the area of glasses, we outline some challenges that lie ahead. Beyond their relevance as a hybrid analogue of inorganic perovskites, we find that MolPs' chemical parameter space provides exciting opportunities for systematically developing design guidelines for functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva M Kronawitter
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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2
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Saski M, Sobczak S, Ratajczyk P, Terlecki M, Marynowski W, Borkenhagen A, Justyniak I, Katrusiak A, Lewiński J. Unprecedented Richness of Temperature- and Pressure-Induced Polymorphism in 1D Lead Iodide Perovskite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2403685. [PMID: 38813722 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Inherent features of metal halide perovskites are their softness, complex lattice dynamics, and phase transitions spectacularly tuning their structures and properties. While the structural transformations are well described and classified in 3D perovskites, their 1D analogs are much less understood. Herein, both temperature- and pressure-dependent structural evolutions of a 1D AcaPbI3 perovskitoid incorporating acetamidinium (Aca) cation are examined. The study reveals the existence of nine phases of δ-AcaPbI3, which present the most diverse polymorphic collection among known perovskite materials. Interestingly, temperature- and pressure-triggered phase transitions in the 1D perovskotoid exhibit fundamentally different natures: the thermal transformations are mainly associated with the collective translations of rigid polyanionic units and ordering/disordering dynamics of Aca cations, while the compression primarily affects inorganic polymer chains. Moreover, in the 1-D chains featuring the face-sharing connection mode of the PbI6 octahedra the Pb···Pb distances are significantly shortened compared to the corner-sharing 3D perovskite frameworks, hence operating in the van der Waals territory. Strikingly, a good correlation is found between the Pb···Pb distances and the pressure evolution of the bandgap values in the δ-AcaPbI3, indicating that in 1D perovskitoid structures, the contacts between Pb2+ ions are one of the critical parameters determining their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Saski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Szymon Sobczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Paulina Ratajczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Michał Terlecki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland
| | - Wojciech Marynowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Borkenhagen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
| | - Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland
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3
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Cliffe MJ. Inorganic Metal Thiocyanates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13137-13156. [PMID: 38980309 PMCID: PMC11271006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Metal thiocyanates were some of the first pseudohalide compounds to be discovered and adopt a diverse range of structures. This review describes the structures, properties, and syntheses of the known binary and ternary metal thiocyanates. It provides a categorization of their diverse structures and connects them to the structures of atomic inorganic materials. In addition to this description of characterized binary and ternary thiocyanates, this review summarizes the state of knowledge for all other binary metal thiocyanates. It concludes by highlighting opportunities for future materials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Cliffe
- School of Chemistry, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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4
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Harbourne EA, Barker H, Guéroult Q, Cattermull J, Nagle-Cocco LAV, Roth N, Evans JSO, Keen DA, Goodwin AL. Local Structure and Dynamics in MPt(CN) 6 Prussian Blue Analogues. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:5796-5804. [PMID: 38883430 PMCID: PMC11170939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
We use a combination of X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) measurements, lattice dynamical calculations, and ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the local structure and dynamics in various MPt(CN)6 Prussian blue analogues. In order to link directly the local distortions captured by the PDF with the lattice dynamics of this family, we develop and apply a new "interaction-space" PDF refinement approach. This approach yields effective harmonic force constants, from which the (experiment-derived) low-energy phonon dispersion relations can be approximated. Calculation of the corresponding Grüneisen parameters allows us to identify the key modes responsible for negative thermal expansion (NTE) as arising from correlated tilts of coordination octahedra. We compare our results against the phonon dispersion relations determined using DFT calculations, which identify the same NTE mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie A Harbourne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Helena Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Quentin Guéroult
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - John Cattermull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Liam A V Nagle-Cocco
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Nikolaj Roth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - John S O Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Andrew L Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
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5
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Borgmans S, Rogge SMJ, De Vos JS, Van Der Voort P, Van Speybroeck V. Exploring the phase stability in interpenetrated diamondoid covalent organic frameworks. Commun Chem 2023; 6:5. [PMID: 36698041 PMCID: PMC9822923 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft porous crystals, which are responsive to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, or gas adsorption, are being extensively investigated for various technological applications. However, while substantial research has been devoted to stimuli-responsive metal-organic frameworks, structural flexibility in 3D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) remains ill-understood, and is almost exclusively found in COFs exhibiting the diamondoid (dia) topology. Herein, we systemically investigate how the structural decoration of these 3D dia COFs-their specific building blocks and degree of interpenetration-as well as external triggers such as temperature and guest adsorption may promote or suppress their phase transformations, as captured by a collection of 2D free energy landscapes. Together, these provide a comprehensive understanding of the necessary conditions to design flexible diamondoid COFs. This study reveals how their flexibility originates from the balance between steric hindrance and dispersive interactions of the structural decoration, thereby providing insight into how new flexible 3D COFs can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Borgmans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Sven M. J. Rogge
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Juul S. De Vos
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis (COMOC), Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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6
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Stefańska D. Effect of Organic Cation on Optical Properties of [A]Mn(H 2POO) 3 Hybrid Perovskites. Molecules 2022; 27:8953. [PMID: 36558085 PMCID: PMC9784195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic compounds crystallizing in a three-dimensional (3D) perovskite-type architecture have attracted considerable attention due to their multifunctional properties. One of the most intriguing groups is perovskites with hypophosphite linkers. Herein, the optical properties of six hybrid hypophosphite perovskites containing manganese ions are presented. The band gaps of these compounds, as well as the luminescence properties of the octahedrally coordinated Mn2+ ions associated with the 4T1g(G) → 6A1g(S) transition are shown to be dependent on the organic cation type and Goldschmidt tolerance factor. Thus, a correlation between essential structural features of Mn-based hybrid hypophosphites and their optical properties was observed. Additionally, the broad infrared luminescence of the studied compounds was examined for potential application in an indoor lighting system for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Stefańska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
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7
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García-Ben J, McHugh LN, Bennett TD, Bermúdez-García JM. Dicyanamide-perovskites at the edge of dense hybrid organic–inorganic materials. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Li K, Li ZG, Xu J, Qin Y, Li W, Stroppa A, Butler KT, Howard CJ, Dove MT, Cheetham AK, Bu XH. Origin of Ferroelectricity in Two Prototypical Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:816-823. [PMID: 35005965 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) ferroelectrics are attracting considerable interest because of their high performance, ease of synthesis, and lightweight. However, the intrinsic thermodynamic origins of their ferroelectric transitions remain insufficiently understood. Here, we identify the nature of the ferroelectric phase transitions in displacive [(CH3)2NH2][Mn(N3)3] and order-disorder type [(CH3)2NH2][Mn(HCOO)3] via spatially resolved structural analysis and ab initio lattice dynamics calculations. Our results demonstrate that the vibrational entropy change of the extended perovskite lattice drives the ferroelectric transition in the former and also contributes importantly to that of the latter along with the rotational entropy change of the A-site. This finding not only reveals the delicate atomic dynamics in ferroelectric HOIPs but also highlights that both the local and extended fluctuation of the hybrid perovskite lattice can be manipulated for creating ferroelectricity by taking advantages of their abundant atomic, electronic, and phononic degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Alessandro Stroppa
- CNR-SPIN, c/o Dip. to di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito (AQ), Italy
| | - Keith T Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Christopher J Howard
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Martin T Dove
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Anthony K Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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9
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Maczka M, Gągor A, Stefanska D, Zaręba JK, Pikul A. Structural, magnetic and photoluminescent properties of new hybrid hypophosphites: discovery of the first noncentrosymmetric and two cobalt-based members. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9094-9102. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites comprising hypophosphite ligands are emerging functional materials exhibiting magnetic, photoluminescence, negative thermal expansion and negative linear compressibility behaviour. This work reports five novel hypophosphite perovskites, [A]M(H2POO)3 (A=...
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10
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Hallweger S, Kaussler C, Kieslich G. The Structural Complexity of Perovskites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9196-9202. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A recent research direction related to ABX3 perovskites is the use of molecules on the A and/or X-site, a development that has proved fruitful for photovoltaics, (improper) ferroelectrics and barocalorics....
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11
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Mączka M, Stefańska D, Gągor A, Pikul A. The cation-dependent structural, magnetic and optical properties of a family of hypophosphite hybrid perovskites. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:352-360. [PMID: 34897339 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03382d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphite hybrid perovskites have recently received widespread attention due to their diverse structural and magnetic properties, negative thermal expansion and photoluminescence behaviour. Herein, we report two new three-dimensional hybrid perovskites containing unusually large organic cations, pyrrolidinium and 2-hydroxyethylammonium. We report the crystal structures of these new manganese-hypophosphite frameworks and their magnetic and optical properties. We also report the magnetic and optical properties of two previously discovered analogues, dimethylammonium and imidazolium manganese hypophosphites. Both new compounds crystallize in a monoclinic structure, space group P21/n, with ordered organic cations at room temperature. Magnetic studies show that all studied compounds are examples of canted antiferromagnets but the weak ferromagnetic contribution and the ordering temperature are significantly modulated by the type of organic cation located in the cavity of the framework. We discuss the origin of this behaviour. Upon ultraviolet excitation, all compounds exhibit broadband photoluminescence associated with the 4T1g(G) → 6A1g(S) transition of octahedrally coordinated Mn2+ ions. The position of the PL band depends on the type of organic cation, being the most blue-shifted for the imidazolium analogue (646 nm) and the most red-shifted for the pyrrolidinium counterpart (689 nm). The most interesting property of the studied hypophosphites is, however, the strong temperature dependence of the photoluminescence intensity, suggesting the possible application of these compounds in non-contact optical thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Mączka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Stefańska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Gągor
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Adam Pikul
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
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12
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Cattermull J, Pasta M, Goodwin AL. Structural complexity in Prussian blue analogues. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3178-3186. [PMID: 34713885 PMCID: PMC9326455 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We survey the most important kinds of structural complexity in Prussian blue analogues, their implications for materials function, and how they might be controlled through judicious choice of composition. We focus on six particular aspects: octahedral tilts, A-site 'slides', Jahn-Teller distortions, A-site species and occupancy, hexacyanometallate vacancies, and framework hydration. The promising K-ion cathode material KxMn[Fe(CN)6]y serves as a recurrent example that illustrates many of these different types of complexity. Our article concludes with a discussion of how the interplay of various distortion mechanisms might be exploited to optimise the performance of this and other related systems, so as to aid in the design of next-generation PBA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cattermull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
| | - Mauro Pasta
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
| | - Andrew L Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
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13
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Burger S, Grover S, Butler KT, Boström HLB, Grau-Crespo R, Kieslich G. Tilt and shift polymorphism in molecular perovskites. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2444-2450. [PMID: 34870297 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00578b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular perovskites, i.e. ABX3 coordination polymers with a perovskite structure, are a chemically diverse material platform for studying fundamental and applied materials properties such as barocalorics and improper ferroelectrics. Compared to inorganic perovskites, the use of molecular ions on the A- and X-site of molecular perovskites leads to new geometric and structural degrees of freedom. In this work we introduce the concept of tilt and shift polymorphism, categorising irreversible perovskite-to-perovskite phase transitions in molecular perovskites. As a model example we study the new molecular perovskite series [(nPr)3(CH3)N]M(C2N3)3 with M = Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and nPr = n-propyl, where different polymorphs crystallise in the perovskite structure but with different tilt systems depending on the synthetic conditions. Tilt and shift polymorphism is a direct ramification of the use of molecular building units in molecular perovskites and as such is unknown for inorganic perovskites. Given the role of polymorphism in materials science, medicine and mineralogy, and more generally the relation between physicochemical properties and structure, the concept introduced herein represents an important step in classifying the crystal chemistry of molecular perovskites and in maturing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Burger
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Shivani Grover
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DX, UK.
| | - Keith T Butler
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Scientific Computing Department (SciML), Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Hanna L B Boström
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ricardo Grau-Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DX, UK.
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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14
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Scatena R, Andrzejewski M, Johnson RD, Macchi P. Pressure-induced Jahn-Teller switch in the homoleptic hybrid perovskite [(CH 3) 2NH 2]Cu(HCOO) 3: orbital reordering by unconventional degrees of freedom. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2021; 9:8051-8056. [PMID: 34277008 PMCID: PMC8246535 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc01966j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Through in situ, high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments we have shown that the homoleptic perovskite-like coordination polymer [(CH3)2NH2]Cu(HCOO)3 undergoes a pressure-induced orbital reordering phase transition above 5.20 GPa. This transition is distinct from previously reported Jahn-Teller switching in coordination polymers, which required at least two different ligands that crystallize in a reverse spectrochemical series. We show that the orbital reordering phase transition in [(CH3)2NH2]Cu(HCOO)3 is instead primarily driven by unconventional octahedral tilts and shifts in the framework, and/or a reconfiguration of A-site cation ordering. These structural instabilities are unique to the coordination polymer perovskites, and may form the basis for undiscovered orbital reorientation phenomena in this broad family of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Scatena
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PU UK
| | - Michał Andrzejewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 Bern CH-3012 Switzerland
| | - Roger D Johnson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street London WC1 6BT UK
| | - Piero Macchi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic of Milan, Via Mancinelli 7 Milan 20131 Italy
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15
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Shi Z, Fang Z, Wu J, Chen Y, Mi Q. Order-disorder transition of a rigid cage cation embedded in a cubic perovskite. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3548. [PMID: 34112786 PMCID: PMC8192939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and properties of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are impacted by the order–disorder transition, whose driving forces from the organic cation and the inorganic framework cannot easily be disentangled. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and properties of a cage-in-framework perovskite AthMn(N3)3, where Ath+ is an organic cation 4-azatricyclo[2.2.1.02,6]heptanium. Ath+ features a rigid and spheroidal profile, such that its molecular reorientation does not alter the cubic lattice symmetry of the Mn(N3)3− host framework. This order–disorder transition is well characterized by NMR, crystallography, and calorimetry, and associated with the realignment of Ath+ dipole from antiferroelectric to paraelectric. As a result, an abrupt rise in the dielectric constant was observed during the transition. Our work introduces a family of perovskite structures and provides direct insights to the order–disorder transition of hybrid materials. In hybrid perovskites, the driving forces of an order–disorder transition that arise from the organic cation and inorganic framework cannot be easily untangled. Here, the authors introduce a cage-in-framework structure in which reorientation of the cage cation does not alter the cubic symmetry of the perovskite lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Shi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingshu Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixi Mi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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Boström HB, Goodwin AL. Hybrid Perovskites, Metal-Organic Frameworks, and Beyond: Unconventional Degrees of Freedom in Molecular Frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1288-1297. [PMID: 33600147 PMCID: PMC7931445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe structural degrees of freedom of a solid material are the various distortions most straightforwardly activated by external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, or adsorption. One of the most successful design strategies in materials chemistry involves controlling these individual distortions to produce useful collective functional responses. In a ferroelectric such as lead titanate, for example, the key degree of freedom involves asymmetric displacements of Pb2+ and Ti4+ cations; it is by coupling these together that the system as a whole interacts with external electric fields. Collective rotations of the polyhedral units in oxide ceramics are another commonly exploited distortion, driving anomalous behavior such as negative thermal expansion-the counterintuitive phenomenon of volume contraction on heating. An exciting development in the field has been to take advantage of the interplay between different distortion types: generating polarization by combining two different polyhedral rotations, for example. In this way, degrees of freedom act as geometric "elements" that can themselves be combined to engineer materials with new and interesting properties. Just as the discovery of new chemical elements quite obviously diversified chemical space, we might expect that identifying new and different types of structural degrees of freedom to be an important strategy for developing new kinds of functional materials. In this context, the broad family of molecular frameworks is emerging as an extraordinarily fertile source of new and unanticipated distortion types, the vast majority of which have no parallel in the established families of conventional solid-state chemistry.Framework materials are solids whose structures are assembled from two fundamental components: nodes and linkers. Quite simply, linkers join the nodes together to form scaffolding-like networks that extend from the atomic to the macroscopic scale. These structures usually contain cavities, which can also accommodate additional ions for charge balance. In the well-established systems-such as lead titanate-node, linker, and extra-framework ions are all individual atoms (Ti, O, and Pb, respectively). But in molecular frameworks, at least one of these components is a molecule.In this Account, we survey the unconventional degrees of freedom introduced through the simple act of replacing atoms by molecules. Our motivation is to understand the role these new distortions play (or might be expected to play) in different materials properties. The various degrees of freedom themselves-unconventional rotational, translational, orientational, and conformational states-are summarized and described in the context of relevant experimental examples. The much-improved prospect for generating emergent functionalities by combining these new distortion types is then discussed. We highlight a number of directions for future research-including the design and application of hierarchically structured phases of matter intermediate to solids and liquid crystals-which serve to highlight the extraordinary possibilities for this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna
L. B. Boström
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
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17
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Lee JY, Ling S, Argent SP, Senn MS, Cañadillas-Delgado L, Cliffe MJ. Controlling multiple orderings in metal thiocyanate molecular perovskites A x {Ni[Bi(SCN) 6]}. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3516-3525. [PMID: 34163625 PMCID: PMC8179531 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report four new A-site vacancy ordered thiocyanate double double perovskites, , A = K+, NH4 +, CH3(NH3)+ (MeNH3 +) and C(NH2)3 + (Gua+), including the first examples of thiocyanate perovskites containing organic A-site cations. We show, using a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction, that the structure of these frameworks depends on the A-site cation, and that these frameworks possess complex vacancy-ordering patterns and cooperative octahedral tilts distinctly different from atomic perovskites. Density functional theory calculations uncover the energetic origin of these complex orders and allow us to propose a simple rule to predict favoured A-site cation orderings for a given tilt sequence. We use these insights, in combination with symmetry mode analyses, to show that these complex orders suggest a new route to non-centrosymmetric perovskites, and mean this family of materials could contain excellent candidates for piezo- and ferroelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yie Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Sanliang Ling
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Mark S Senn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Matthew J Cliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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18
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He X, Zhang X, Ji B, Yao W, Lightfoot P, Tang Y. Tilting and twisting in a novel perovzalate, K3NaMn(C2O4)3. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2567-2570. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A unique variant on the perovskite structure, K3NaMn(C2O4)3, has been identified with unconventional octahedral tilting, interpenetration of two topologically identical perovskite-like frameworks and an unusual, twisted oxalate ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong He
- Functional Thin Films Research Center
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials
- Institute of Functional Crystals
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
| | - Bifa Ji
- Functional Thin Films Research Center
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Wenjiao Yao
- Functional Thin Films Research Center
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Philip Lightfoot
- School of Chemistry and EaStChem
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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19
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Mączka M, Stefańska D, Ptak M, Gągor A, Pikul A, Sieradzki A. Cadmium and manganese hypophosphite perovskites templated by formamidinium cations: dielectric, optical and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2639-2647. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03995k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The first cadmium hypophosphite perovskite exhibiting reddish-orange emission, glass-like behaviour and order–disorder phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Mączka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-422 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Dagmara Stefańska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-422 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-422 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Anna Gągor
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-422 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Adam Pikul
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-422 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Adam Sieradzki
- Department of Experimental Physics
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- Wrocław
- Poland
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20
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Liu DX, Xie KP, Zhang WX, Zeng MH, Chen XM. Structural insights into a new family of three-dimensional thiocyanate-bridged molecular double perovskites. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00147g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Four new three-dimensional thiocyanate-bridged molecular double perovskites with bent Cd–S–C angles in a narrow distribution range reveal highly distorted frameworks with a relatively strong structural rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Xuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Kai-Ping Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Xiong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- GuangXi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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21
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Morita H, Tsunashima R, Nishihara S, Akutagawa T. Doping of metal-free molecular perovskite with hexamethylenetetramine to create non-centrosymmetric defects. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The metal-free perovskite (dabcoH22+)(NH4)Br (d-Br) (dabco: 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) was doped with non-centrosymmetric hexamethylenetetramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagino Morita
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation
- Yamaguchi University
- Yamaguchi
- Japan
| | - Ryo Tsunashima
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation
- Yamaguchi University
- Yamaguchi
- Japan
- Chemistry Course
| | - Sadafumi Nishihara
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526
- Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM)
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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22
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Burger S, Kronawitter S, Boström HLB, Zaręba JK, Kieslich G. A new polar perovskite coordination network with azaspiroundecane as A-site cation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10740-10744. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01968b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a new polar ABX3 perovskite coordination network based on azaspiroundecane as A-site cation and dicyanamide as X-site anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Burger
- Technical University of Munich
- Department of Chemistry
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Silva Kronawitter
- Technical University of Munich
- Department of Chemistry
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Hanna L. B. Boström
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala Universitet
- Box 538
- 751 21 Uppsala
| | - Jan K. Zaręba
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Technical University of Munich
- Department of Chemistry
- Garching
- Germany
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23
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Mączka M, Gągor A, Pikul A, Stefańska D. Novel hypophosphite hybrid perovskites of [CH3NH2NH2][Mn(H2POO)3] and [CH3NH2NH2][Mn(H2POO)2.83(HCOO)0.17] exhibiting antiferromagnetic order and red photoluminescence. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19020-19026. [PMID: 35518310 PMCID: PMC9053939 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03397a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites based on hypophosphite ligands constitute an emerging family of compounds exhibiting unusual structures and offering a platform for construction of novel functional materials. We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic and optical properties of novel undoped and HCOO−-doped manganese hypophosphite frameworks templated by methylhydrazinium cations. The undoped compound crystallizes in a three-dimensional perovskite-like orthorhombic structure, space group Pnma, with ordered organic cations located in windows between the perovskite cages expanding along the a-direction. Both conventional anti-phase tilting, unconventional in-phase tilting and columnar shifts in the a-direction are present. Doping with HCOO− ions has a insignificant influence on the crystal structure but leads to a decrease of the unit cell volume. Magnetic studies indicate that these compounds order antiferromagnetically at TN = 6.5 K. Optical studies indicate that they exhibit red photoluminescence under 266 nm excitation with the activation energy for thermal quenching of 98 and 65 meV for the undoped and doped sample, respectively. For the undoped sample, the emission lifetime reaches 5.05 ms at 77 K but it decreases to 62.26 μs at 300 K. The low value of the activation energy and huge temperature dependence of photoluminescence intensity suggest a high potential of these hypophosphites for non-contact temperature sensing. The first perovskite-type hypophosphite-linked dense metal–organic framework exhibiting red emission and antiferromagnetic order at 6.5 K.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Mączka
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-950 Wrocław 2
- Poland
| | - Anna Gągor
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-950 Wrocław 2
- Poland
| | - Adam Pikul
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-950 Wrocław 2
- Poland
| | - Dagmara Stefańska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 50-950 Wrocław 2
- Poland
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