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Un HI, Lu Y, Li J, Dong R, Feng X, Sirringhaus H. Controlling Film Formation and Host-Guest Interactions to Enhance the Thermoelectric Properties of Nickel-Nitrogen-Based 2D Conjugated Coordination Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312325. [PMID: 38227294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
2D conjugated coordination polymers (cCPs) based on square-planar transition metal-complexes (such as MO4, M(NH)4, and MS4, M = metal) are an emerging class of (semi)conducting materials that are of great interest for applications in supercapacitors, catalysis, and thermoelectrics. Finding synthetic approaches to high-performance nickel-nitrogen (Ni-N) based cCP films is a long-standing challenge. Here, a general, dynamically controlled on-surface synthesis that produces highly conductive Ni-N-based cCP films is developed and the thermoelectric properties as a function of the molecular structure and their dependence on interactions with ambient atmosphere are studied. Among the four studied cCPs with different ligand sizes hexaminobenzene- and hexaaminotriphenylene-based films exhibit record electrical conductivity (100-200 S cm-1) in this Ni-N based cCP family, which is one order of magnitude higher than previous reports, and the highest thermoelectric power factors up to 10 µW m-1 K-2 among reported 2D cCPs. The transport physics of these films is studied and it is shown that depending on the host-guest interaction with oxygen/water the majority carrier type and the value of the Seebeck coefficient can be largely regulated. The high conductivity is likely reflecting good interconnectivity between (small) ordered domains and grain boundaries supporting disordered metallic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hio-Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yang Lu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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2
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Maeda H, Takada K, Fukui N, Nagashima S, Nishihara H. Conductive coordination nanosheets: Sailing to electronics, energy storage, and catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Electrically regulating nonlinear optical limiting of metal-organic framework film. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6347. [PMID: 36289248 PMCID: PMC9606303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating nonlinear optical (NLO) property of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) is of pronounced significance for their scientific research and practical application, but the regulation through external stimuli is still a challenging task. Here we prepare and electrically control the nonlinear optical regulation of conductive MOFs Cu-HHTP films with [001]- (Cu-HHTP[001]) and [100]-orientations (Cu-HHTP[100]). Z-scan results show that the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) of Cu-HHTP[001] film (7.60 × 10−6 m/W) is much higher than that of Cu-HHTP[100] film (0.84 × 10−6 m/W) at 0 V and the β of Cu-HHTP[001] and Cu-HHTP[100] films gradually increase to 3.84 × 10−5 and 1.71 × 10−6 m/W at 10 V by increasing the applied voltage, respectively. Due to 2D Cu-HHTP having anisotropy of charge transfer in different orientations, the NLO of MOFs film can be dependent on their growth orientations and improved by tuning the electrical field. This study provides more avenues for the regulation and NLO applications of MOFs. Nonlinear optical properties of metal-organic framework can be tuned for potential optical applications. Here the authors demonstrate an enhancement the nonlinear absorption coefficient of MOF film by applying external electric field.
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Lyu CK, Gao YF, Gao ZA, Mo SY, Hua MQ, Li E, Fu SQ, Chen JY, Liu PN, Huang L, Lin N. Synthesis of Single-Layer Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks M 3 (HAT) 2 (M=Ni, Fe, Co, HAT=1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene) Using an On-Surface Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204528. [PMID: 35466508 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1,4,5,8,9,12-Hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) is one of the smallest polyheterocyclic aromatic building blocks for forming conjugated metal-organic frameworks (cMOFs). However, the strong inter-molecular steric hindrance impedes the growth of HAT-based cMOFs. Here we employ on-surface synthesis to grow single-layer two-dimensional cMOFs of M3 (HAT)2 (M=Ni, Fe, Co). Using scanning tunnelling microscopy and density-functional theory (DFT) analysis, we resolve that the frameworks comprise a hexagonal lattice of HAT molecules and a Kagome lattice of metal atoms. The DFT analysis indicates that Ni, Co and Fe carry a magnetic moment of 1.1, 2.5, and 3.7 μB, respectively. We anticipate that the small π-conjugated core of HAT and strong bidentate chelating coordination give rise to appealing electronic and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kun Lyu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Fan Gao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zi-Ang Gao
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Song-Yu Mo
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mu-Qing Hua
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - En Li
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Qing Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Lyu C, Gao Y, Gao Z, Mo S, Hua M, Li E, Fu S, Chen J, Liu P, Huang L, Lin N. Synthesis of Single‐Layer Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks M
3
(HAT)
2
(M=Ni, Fe, Co, HAT=1,4,5,8,9,12‐hexaazatriphenylene) Using an On‐Surface Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Kun Lyu
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yi‐Fan Gao
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Zi‐Ang Gao
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Song‐Yu Mo
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mu‐Qing Hua
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - En Li
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shu‐Qing Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai China
| | - Jia‐Yan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai China
| | - Pei‐Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China
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6
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Dell’Angelo D, Momeni MR, Pearson S, Shakib FA. Modeling energy transfer and absorption spectra in layered metal–organic frameworks based on a Frenkel–Holstein Hamiltonian. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0076640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Dell’Angelo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Mohammad R. Momeni
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Shaina Pearson
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Farnaz A. Shakib
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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7
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Allendorf MD, Stavila V, Witman M, Brozek CK, Hendon CH. What Lies beneath a Metal-Organic Framework Crystal Structure? New Design Principles from Unexpected Behaviors. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6705-6723. [PMID: 33904302 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rational design principles established for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) allow clear structure-property relationships, fueling expansive growth for energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and beyond. However, these design principles are based on the assumption of compositional and structural rigidity, as measured crystallographically. Such idealization of MOF structures overlooks subtle chemical aspects that can lead to departures from structure-based chemical intuition. In this Perspective, we identify unexpected behavior of MOFs through literature examples. Based on this analysis, we conclude that departures from ideality are not uncommon. Whereas linker topology and metal coordination geometry are useful starting points for understanding MOF properties, we anticipate that deviations from the idealized crystal representation will be necessary to explain important and unexpected behaviors. Although this realization reinforces the notion that MOFs are highly complex materials, it should also stimulate a broader reexamination of the literature to identify corollaries to existing design rules and reveal new structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Allendorf
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Matthew Witman
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Carl K Brozek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States.,Oregon Center for Electrochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Christopher H Hendon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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8
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Mancuso JL, Mroz AM, Le KN, Hendon CH. Electronic Structure Modeling of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chem Rev 2020; 120:8641-8715. [PMID: 32672939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their molecular building blocks, yet highly crystalline nature, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) sit at the interface between molecule and material. Their diverse structures and compositions enable them to be useful materials as catalysts in heterogeneous reactions, electrical conductors in energy storage and transfer applications, chromophores in photoenabled chemical transformations, and beyond. In all cases, density functional theory (DFT) and higher-level methods for electronic structure determination provide valuable quantitative information about the electronic properties that underpin the functions of these frameworks. However, there are only two general modeling approaches in conventional electronic structure software packages: those that treat materials as extended, periodic solids, and those that treat materials as discrete molecules. Each approach has features and benefits; both have been widely employed to understand the emergent chemistry that arises from the formation of the metal-organic interface. This Review canvases these approaches to date, with emphasis placed on the application of electronic structure theory to explore reactivity and electron transfer using periodic, molecular, and embedded models. This includes (i) computational chemistry considerations such as how functional, k-grid, and other model variables are selected to enable insights into MOF properties, (ii) extended solid models that treat MOFs as materials rather than molecules, (iii) the mechanics of cluster extraction and subsequent chemistry enabled by these molecular models, (iv) catalytic studies using both solids and clusters thereof, and (v) embedded, mixed-method approaches, which simulate a fraction of the material using one level of theory and the remainder of the material using another dissimilar theoretical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Mancuso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97405, United States
| | - Austin M Mroz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97405, United States
| | - Khoa N Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97405, United States
| | - Christopher H Hendon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97405, United States
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