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Xue Y, Xu T, Wang C, Fu L. Recent advances of two-dimensional materials-based heterostructures for rechargeable batteries. iScience 2024; 27:110392. [PMID: 39129831 PMCID: PMC11315162 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Because of their unique layer structure, 2D materials have demonstrated to be promising electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. However, individual 2D materials cannot meet all the performance requirements of energy density, power density, and cycle life. Constructing 2D materials-based heterostructures offers an opportunity to synergistically handle the deficiencies of individual 2D materials and modulate the physical and electrochemical properties. The enlarged interlayer distance and increased binding energy with ions of heterostructures can facilitate charge transfer, boost electrochemical reactivities, resulting in an enhanced performance in rechargeable batteries. Here we summarize the latest development of heterostructures consisted of 2D materials and their applications in rechargeable batteries. Firstly, different preparation strategies and optimized structure engineering strategies of 2D materials-based heterostructures are systematically introduced. Secondly, the unique functions of 2D materials-based heterostructures in rechargeable batteries are discussed respectively. Finally, challenges and perspectives are presented to inspire the future study of 2D materials-based heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Xue
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Tianjie Xu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Malachy Udowo V, Unimuke TO, Louis H, Udoh II, Edet HO, Okafor PC. Enhanced sensing of bacteria biomarkers by ZnO and graphene oxide decorated PEDOT film. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38499994 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2328740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Developing a biofilm biomarker detector and inhibitor will immensely benefit efforts geared at curbing infectious diseases and microbiologically induced corrosion of medical implants, marine vessels and buried steel pipelines. N-Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are important biomarkers gram-negative bacteria use for communication. In this work, we investigated the interactions between three AHL molecules and graphene oxide (GO) and ZnO nanomaterials embedded in conjugated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film. The results show that PEDOT/GO/ZnO detected AHLs to a considerable extent with adsorption enthalpies of -4.02, -4.87 and -4.97 KJ/mol, respectively, for N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)heptanamide (AHL1), 2-hydroxy-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)nonanamide (AHL2) and (E)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acrylamide (AHL3) molecules. The ZnO nanoparticles facilitated charge redistribution and transfer, thereby enhancing the conductivity and overall sensitivity of the substrate toward the AHLs. The adsorption distance and sites of interactions further tuned the charge migration and signal generation by the substrate, thus affirming the suitability of the modeled thin film as a sensor material. Excellent stability and conductivity were maintained before and after the adsorption of each AHL molecule. Moreover, the desorption time for each AHL molecule was calculated, and the result affirmed that the modeled film materials are promising for developing highly sensitive biosensors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Malachy Udowo
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tomsmith O Unimuke
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy or Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inime Ime Udoh
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henry O Edet
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Peter C Okafor
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Luo L, Tan S, Gao Z, Yang X, Xu J, Huang G, Wang J, Pan F. Theoretical insights into the intercalation mechanism of Li, Na, and Mg ions in a metallic BN/VS 2 heterostructure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7001-7009. [PMID: 38345314 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05232j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Layered VS2 has been widely used as a battery anode material owing to its large specific surface area and controllable ion-transport channel. However, its semiconductor properties and poor cycling stability seriously limit its further applications. Herein, a two-dimensional BN/VS2 heterostructure (BVH) was constructed as an anode material for rechargeable metal-ion batteries (RMIBs). Demonstrated using first principles calculations, BVH exhibits a metallic property due to lattice stress between monolayer BN and VS2. BVH displays low ion diffusion energy barriers (0.13, 0.43, and 0.56 eV) and high theoretical capacities (447, 553.5, and 340.7 mA h g-1) for Li+, Na+, and Mg2+ storage. In BVH, the VS2 layer as the main redox center supports charge transfer, while the inactive BN layer enables high structural stability. This synergistic effect is expected to simultaneously achieve a high rate, high capacity, and long life. This design provides an important insight into developing new anode materials for RMIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shuangshuang Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Junyao Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guangsheng Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Fusheng Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Khan MI, Akber MI, Gul M, Ul Ain N, Iqbal T, Alarfaji SS, Mahmood A. Exploring the sensing potential of Fe-decorated h-BN toward harmful gases: a DFT study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7040-7051. [PMID: 38414992 PMCID: PMC10897782 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08013g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gas sensing technology has a broad impact on society, ranging from environmental and industrial safety to healthcare and everyday applications, contributing to a safer, healthier, and more sustainable world. We studied pure and Fe-decorated hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) gas sensor for monitoring of carbon-based gases using density functional theory (DFT). The calculations utilized the Generalized Gradient Approximation with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) exchange-correlation functional. The novelty of our study lies in the investigation of the adsorption of harmful gases such as carbonyl sulfide, carbinol, carbimide, and carbonyl fluoride on both pure and Fe-decorated h-BN. The deviation in structural, electronic, and adsorption properties of h-BN due to Fe decoration has been studied along with the sensing ability to design said material towards carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbinol, (CH4O), carbimide (CH2N2), and carbonyl fluoride (CF2O) gases. Gases such as CO, COS, CH2N2, and CF2O exhibited chemisorption, while CO2, and CH4O exhibited physisorption behavior. The introduction of Fe altered the semiconductor properties of h-BN and rendered it metallic. Enhanced electronic properties were observed due to a robust hybridization occurring between the d-orbitals of Fe-decorated BN and the gas molecules. The extended recovery periods observed for gases, aside from CO2, indicate their adhesive interactions with Fe-decorated h-BN. The reduction in desorption duration as temperature rises allows Fe-decorated h-BN to function as a reversible gas sensor. This research opens up a novel pathway for the synthesis and advancement of cost-effective, environmentally friendly double-atom catalysts with high sensitivity for capturing and detecting molecules such as CO, COS, CH2N2, CO2, CH4O, and CF2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Isa Khan
- Department of Physics, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Akber
- Department of Physics, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Gul
- Department of Physics, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Ain
- Institute of Physics, Bagdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Tahir Iqbal
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Saleh S Alarfaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudia Arabia
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
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Li X, Li Y, Wang Y. Adsorption of Ca on borophene for potential anode for Ca-ion batteries. J Mol Model 2023; 29:308. [PMID: 37682404 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Two-dimensional borophene can be used in rechargeable batteries due to its high specific surface area. In this paper, the performance of borophene as an anode material for calcium ion batteries is predicted based on density functional theory calculations. The calculation results show that P doping enhances the calcium storage properties of borophene. The maximum adsorption number of calcium atoms in the P-doped system is 7, with a theoretical capacity of 964 mAh/g. DOS analysis showed that borophene exhibited metallic properties after adsorbing calcium atoms, which improved the electrical conductivity of the electrode material. Calculation of the diffusion energy barrier shows that strain has an effect on calcium diffusion in monolayer borophene, and compressive strain promotes calcium diffusion through borophene. The findings suggest that borophene may be a promising electrode material for calcium-ion batteries. METHODS In this paper, the intrinsic model and doping model of borophene are constructed by Material Studio 8.0, and the first-principles calculation is carried out by CASTEP module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational Technical College, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanze Li
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational Technical College, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational Technical College, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Intelligent Safety Engineering Research Center for Rail Transit, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
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An investigation of halogen induced improvement of β12 borophene for Na/Li storage by density functional theory. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 119:108373. [PMID: 36508891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pristine and halogen doped β12 borophene, as anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), was considered by first-principles study based on density functional theory. Li and Na were adsorbed on β12 borophene with adsorption energies of -3.18 eV and -2.33 eV, respectively. The effect of halogen addition, X = F, Cl, Br, and I, to borophene sheet on adsorption and also diffusion pathways of Li and Na was studied. The adsorption energy calculations show that the halogen atoms improve Li/Na adsorption on borophene sheet. Also, the results indicate that Li/Na adsorption energies on Brominated borophene sheet are higher compared to other halogen types. Diffusion calculations show that Br addition induces an electron deficiency on BoBr surface which lowers the energy barrier of migration of Li and Na ions compared to the pristine borophene. According to density of states analysis, electron charge is transferred from Li and Na atoms toward halogenated borophene sheet. Also, it can be concluded that electron transfer from Li/Na to borophene host in BoX is higher compared to pristine borophene which is in agreement with adsorption energies. The fully lithiated/sodiated complexes of BoBr are Li0.71BoBr and Na0.50BoBr which is equivalent to theoretical specific capacities of 1401 and 981 mAh/g which are about 3.5 and 2.6 times higher than graphite for Li and Na adsorption, respectively. Higher specific capacity of Li compared to Na is mainly attributed to steric hindrance of Na regarding its greater size. Open circuit voltage values of 1.6 V and 1.4 V were obtained for Li and Na intercalation processes, respectively, into halogen added β12 borophene indicating that this structure can be applied as anode for both LIB and SIB systems.
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Browne S, Waghmare UV, Singh A. Opportunities and challenges for 2D heterostructures in battery applications: a computational perspective. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:272501. [PMID: 35344940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac61c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing demand for large-scale energy storage systems, there is a need for novel electrode materials to store energy in batteries efficiently. 2D materials are promising as electrode materials for battery applications. Despite their excellent properties, none of the available single-phase 2D materials offers a combination of properties required for maximizing energy density, power density, and cycle life. This article discusses how stacking distinct 2D materials into a 2D heterostructure may open up new possibilities for battery electrodes, combining favourable characteristics and overcoming the drawbacks of constituent 2D layers. Computational studies are crucial to advancing this field rapidly with first-principles simulations of various 2D heterostructures forming the basis for such investigations that offer insights into processes that are hard to determine otherwise. We present a perspective on the current methodology, along with a review of the known 2D heterostructures as anodes and their potential for Li and Na-ion battery applications. 2D heterostructures showcase excellent tunability with different compositions. However, each of them has distinct properties, with its own set of challenges and opportunities for application in batteries. We highlight the current status and prospects to stimulate research into designing new 2D heterostructures for battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Browne
- Center for Study of Science, Technology & Policy (CSTEP), Bangalore-560094, India
| | - Umesh V Waghmare
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Center for Study of Science, Technology & Policy (CSTEP), Bangalore-560094, India
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Joshi DJ, Malek NI, Kailasa SK. Borophene as a rising star in materials chemistry: synthesis, properties and applications in analytical science and energy devices. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05271c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Borophene is a two-dimensional material that has shown outstanding applications in energy storage devices and analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharaben J. Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat – 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Naved I. Malek
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat – 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat – 395007, Gujarat, India
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Yao Y, Liu G. Density functional theory study on the electronic structure and optical properties of Li absorbed borophene. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1966114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Yao
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guili Liu
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Kaneti YV, Benu DP, Xu X, Yuliarto B, Yamauchi Y, Golberg D. Borophene: Two-dimensional Boron Monolayer: Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1000-1051. [PMID: 34730341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Borophene, a monolayer of boron, has risen as a new exciting two-dimensional (2D) material having extraordinary properties, including anisotropic metallic behavior and flexible (orientation-dependent) mechanical and optical properties. This review summarizes the current progress in the synthesis of borophene on various metal substrates, including Ag(110), Ag(100), Au(111), Ir(111), Al(111), and Cu(111), as well as heterostructuring of borophene. In addition, it discusses the mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electronic, optical, and superconducting properties of borophene and the effects of elemental doping, defects, and applied mechanical strains on these properties. Furthermore, the promising potential applications of borophene for gas sensing, energy storage and conversion, gas capture and storage applications, and possible tuning of the material performance in these applications through doping, formation of defects, and heterostructures are illustrated based on available theoretical studies. Finally, research and application challenges and the outlook of the whole borophene's field are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Didi Prasetyo Benu
- Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Universitas Timor, Kefamenanu 85613, Indonesia
| | - Xingtao Xu
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Brian Yuliarto
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Mei T, Wu J, Lu S, Wang B, Zhao X, Wang L, Yin Z. A DFT study on AlN nanotubes and nanosheets as anodes for Mg-ion batteries. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang H, Jing Z, Liu H, Feng X, Meng G, Wu K, Cheng Y, Xiao B. A high-throughput assessment of the adsorption capacity and Li-ion diffusion dynamics in Mo-based ordered double-transition-metal MXenes as anode materials for fast-charging LIBs. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24510-24526. [PMID: 33320160 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing the latest SCAN-rVV10 density functional, we thoroughly assess the electrochemical properties of 35 Mo-based ordered double transition metal MXenes, including clean Mo2MC2 (M = Sc, Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta) and surface functionalized structures Mo2MC2T2 (T = H, O, F and OH), for the potential use as anode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The first principles molecular dynamics simulations in combination with the calculations of the site adsorption preferences for Li atoms on all investigated MXenes reveal that both Li-saturated adsorption structures and theoretical capacities of Mo-based MXenes are fundamentally influenced by the surface terminations. We find that the adsorption of Li atoms on either -OH or -F functionalized MXenes is chemically unstable. In particular, the F-groups prefer to form a separate fluoride layer with Li atoms, detaching from the Mo2MC2 substrates. The Li atoms could form a stable single adsorption layer on the -H, -O and intrinsic MXenes surface, exhibiting theoretical capacities in the range from 121 mA h g-1 to 195 mA h g-1. Besides -F and -OH terminations, the remaining Mo-based MXenes also possess superior flat open circuit voltage (OCV) profiles with the most reversible storage capacity below 1.0 V during the charging/discharging cycles. We further predict the low barrier heights of Li-ion diffusion, at a range of 0.03-0.06 eV for most Mo-based MXenes except -O and -H terminations, exceeding that of graphene or Ti3C2. Furthermore, combining the Vineyard transition state theory (TST) with the phonon spectra obtained from density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), the mean planar diffusion coefficient is calculated to be 2 × 10-8 m2 s-1 at 300 K for intrinsic Mo2MC2 monolayers. Although the overall specific capacity is fundamentally restricted with the relatively heavy molecular mass of MXenes, we conclude that Mo-based structures, especially the intrinsic Mo2MC2 (M = Sc, Ti, V) monolayers, might be promising anode materials from the aspect of fast charging/discharging application for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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