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Liang H, Zhang X, Lu M, Chen X, Li W, Li S, Li MD, Zhao J, Huo Y, Ji S. Novel Photocatalyst Based on Through-Space Charge Transfer Induced Intersystem Crossing Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerization Under Low-Power Excitation Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402774. [PMID: 38584586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Currently, most photoredox catalysis polymerization systems are limited by high excitation power, long polymerization time, or the requirement of electron donors due to the precise design of efficient photocatalysts still poses a great challenge. Herein, we propose a new approach: the creation of efficient photocatalysts having low ground state oxidation potentials and high excited state energy levels, along with through-space charge transfer (TSCT) induced intersystem crossing (ISC) properties. A cabazole-naphthalimide (NI) dyad (NI-1) characterized by long triplet excited state lifetime (τT=62 μs), satisfactory ISC efficiency (ΦΔ=54.3 %) and powerful reduction capacity [Singlet: E1/2 (PC+1/*PC)=-1.93 eV, Triplet: E1/2 (PC+1/*PC)=-0.84 eV] was obtained. An efficient and rapid polymerization (83 % conversion of 1 mM monomer in 30 s) was observed under the conditions of without electron donor, low excitation power (10 mW cm-2) and low catalyst (NI-1) loading (<50 μM). In contrast, the conversion rate was lower at 29 % when the reference catalyst (NI-4) was used for photopolymerization under the same conditions, demonstrating the advantage of the TSCT photocatalyst. Finally, the TSCT material was used as a photocatalyst in practical lithography for the first time, achieving pattern resolutions of up to 10 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Manlin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shangru Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
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2
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Dhami S, Khatun MN, Sengupta C, Iyer PK, Pandey R. Substitution effects on the photoinduced excited state dynamics of perylenemonoimides in solution and thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15600-15610. [PMID: 38757930 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00993b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Perylene monoimide (PMI) derivatives are attracting significant attention due to their strong absorption in the visible range, thermal stability, and synthetic accessibility. These properties make them promising for application in various areas such as optoelectronic devices, photosensitizers, etc. In this work, the photophysical properties and excited state dynamics of four different PMI derivatives (PMIB, BrPMITB, PMITB, and APITB) were studied in solution and thin films utilizing steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Among the four PMI derivatives, APITB is designed as a donor-acceptor dyad, with thianthrene as a donor and PMI as an acceptor. The activation of the triplet state through the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) process in THF was observed upon substitution with the thianthrene group at the peri position of the PMI moiety. The SOCT-ISC process facilitates triplet formation in the APITB dyad within 423 ps. Meanwhile, other PMI derivatives showed fluorescence within the femtosecond timescale in THF. The PMI derivatives in thin films displayed different photo physical properties to those in THF. This discrepancy arises due to the effective intermolecular coupling between the PMI derivatives in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dhami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Mst Nasima Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Chaitrali Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667 Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.
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Wu ZH, Skabeev A, Zagranyarski Y, Duan R, Jin JO, Kwak M, Basché T, Müllen K, Li C. High-Performance Near-Infrared Chlorinated Rylenecarboximide Fluorophores via Consecutive C-N and C-C Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315156. [PMID: 37947588 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A new class of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores, PAI, is obtained by consecutive C-N/C-C bond formation between diphenylamines and 9,10-dibromoperylenecarboximide. Owing to the rigid structure, extended π-conjugation and pronounced push-pull substitution, these fluorophores show emission maxima up to 804 nm and large Stokes shifts. The extraordinarily high fluorescence quantum yields from 47 % to 70 % are attributed to chloro substitution in the bay positions of the perylene core. These characteristics, together with high photostability, qualify them as useful NIR emitters for applications as biomarkers and security inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Wu
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Artem Skabeev
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yulian Zagranyarski
- Fac Chem & Pharm, Sofia Univ. St Kliment Ohridski, 1 James Bourchier Blvd, Sofia, 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Ruomeng Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, No. 1 Daxue Rd., Songshan Lake, Dongguan City, 523820 Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine ASAN Medical Center, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Thomas Basché
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chen Li
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, No. 1 Daxue Rd., Songshan Lake, Dongguan City, 523820 Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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Pananilath HF, Govind C, Thadathilanickal TD, Karunakaran V. Molecular torsion controls the excited state relaxation pathways of multibranched tetraphenylpyrazines: effect of substitution of morpholine vs. phenoxazine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26575-26587. [PMID: 37753725 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03125j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Multibranched donor-acceptor derivatives exhibiting desirable photophysical properties are efficiently used in optoelectronic devices, in which the excited state relaxation dynamics of the derivatives control the efficiency of the devices. Here, the effect of intramolecular torsion on the excited state relaxation dynamics of tetraphenylpyrazine (TPP) derivatives in non-polar (toluene) and polar (THF) solvents is investigated by substituting the electron donor of morpholine (TPP-4MOP) and phenoxazine (TPP-4PHO) leading to the planar and twisted configurations, respectively, using femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. In the steady state, TPP-4MOP showed feeble emission (ΦF ∼0.03) due to the weak donor by the delocalization of electron density supported by theoretical optimization. The TPP-4PHO exhibited strong emission (ΦF ∼0.18) in toluene compared to that in THF, in which it showed a large Stokes shift (∼9691 cm-1) with low fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF ∼0.01). The observation of large Stokes shifts, inherent nature and theoretical calculations of TPP-4PHO suggest the twisting of the dihedral angle between tetraphenylpyrazine and phenoxazine in the excited state leading to the twisted intramolecular charge transfer state (TICT). The femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption and picosecond time-resolved emission spectra of TPP-4PHO revealed the signature of the existence of both the partial TICT and TICT states in THF leading to the triplet state. Whereas in the case of TPP-4MOP, the transient absorption spectra showed the formation of the triplet state from the local excited state without the involvement of the TICT state. Aggregation studies of TPP-4PHO in a THF and water mixture reflect the elimination of the TICT state by the restriction of intramolecular torsion in the aggregates leading to an increase of 12-fold of the fluorescence intensity along with shifting of the maximum towards the blue region. These studies revealed that the excited state relaxation pathways of the derivatives are controlled by polarity-dependent torsional motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasim Fayiz Pananilath
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Chinju Govind
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tessy D Thadathilanickal
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Venugopal Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Kerala, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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5
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Kou M, Qin F, Wang Y, Zhang X, Hu Z, Zhang Z. Insight into the Heavy Atom Effect Induced by Environmental Heavy Atoms for Gadolinium-Labeled Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:777-782. [PMID: 36647797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heavy atoms can further enhance the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emissions of gadolinium-labeled hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (Gd-HMME) by way of the external heavy atom effect (HAE). However, the macroscopic phosphorescence intensity covered the intrinsic effect of the environmental heavy atoms. In this study, a method of separating the external HAE from the total is performed, and a quantity to describe the intrinsic nature of external HAE is defined. The environmental Gd3+ concentration evolution of the phosphorescent transition rate (kP) is obtained by correlated absorption, emission, and time-resolved spectroscopy. The kP increases linearly with environmental Gd3+ concentration, while the intercept kP0 coincides with that of the internal HAE. The slope κ could be calculated, and it is a quantity free of the Gd3+ concentration and only relies on the type of environmental heavy atoms. In addition, the environmental Lu3+ exhibits similar functionality to Gd3+ in external HAE. Environmental Pd2+ quenches the phosphorescence intensity macroscopically, while it enhances the HAE intrinsically. Our method provides an alternative insight into the intrinsic nature of environmental heavy atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kou
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Feng Qin
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongda Wang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.,School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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6
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Understanding electrooxidation mechanism of anticancer drugs utilizing ultrafast pump probe spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tang G, Yang W, Zhao J. Naphthalimide-Carbazole Compact Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyads: Effect of Molecular Geometry and Electron-Donating Capacity on the Spin-Orbit Charge Transfer Intersystem Crossing. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3653-3668. [PMID: 35647872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We prepared a series of naphthalimide (NI)-carbazole (Cz) compact electron donor-acceptor dyads showing different substitution positions, C-N/C-C linkers, and conformation restriction magnitudes to study the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). The varied conformation restrictions lead to different dihedral angles between the donor and acceptor (37°-81°) and electronic coupling magnitude (matrix elements V: 1290-3070 cm-1). Based on the comparison between the dyads containing C-N and C-C linkers, we found that a large dihedral angle between the donor and acceptor is favorable to efficient SOCT-ISC. For one dyad, the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) is up to 84.4% (in dichloromethane), which is much higher than that of the previously reported NI-phenothiazine (PTZ) analogue dyad (ΦΔ = 16.0% in n-hexane). The intrinsic triplet state lifetime (τT) is 270 μs, longer than that accessed by the heavy atom effect (75.2 μs). As compared with the NI-PTZ analogue dyad, the Cz unit in the current dyads is a weaker electron donor than PTZ. Thus, a higher CT state energy in NI-Cz dyads was observed, which makes the SOCT-ISC efficient in solvents with a wide range of polarities. Meanwhile, the localized triplet state (3LE) becomes the lowest-lying state in the NI-Cz dyads, which is different from the triplet charge transfer (3CT) state observed in the analogue NI-PTZ dyad. Moreover, the large energy gap between the CT and 3LE states inhibits the reverse ISC; as a result, no thermally activated delayed fluorescence was observed for the current NI-Cz dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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8
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Kwon NY, Kim Y, Kataria M, Park SH, Cho S, Harit AK, Woo HY, Cho MJ, Park S, Choi DH. Donor-σ-Acceptor Dyad-Based Polymers for Portable Sensors: Controlling Photoinduced Electron Transfer via Tuning the Frontier Molecular Orbital Energies of Acceptors. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Youngseo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Meenal Kataria
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seunguk Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Karatay A, Yılmaz H, Yildiz EA, Sevinç G, Hayvali M, Boyacioglu B, Unver H, Elmali A. Two-photon absorption and triplet excited state quenching of near-IR region aza-BODIPY photosensitizers via a triphenylamine moiety despite heavy bromine atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25495-25505. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02960j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aza-BODIPY compounds with methoxy groups at -3 and -5 positons and triphenylamine moieties at -1, -7 positions with and without heavy bromine atoms at -2, -6 positions have been designed and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Beşevler, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Sevinç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Hayvali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Beşevler, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Boyacioglu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Ankara University, 06290 Kecioren-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Unver
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Besevler-Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Cao H, Kurganskii I, Pang J, Duan R, Zhao J, Fedin M, Li MD, Li C. Charge Transfer, Intersystem Crossing, and Electron Spin Dynamics in a Compact Perylenemonoimide-Phenoxazine Electron Donor-Acceptor Dyad. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12859-12875. [PMID: 34767365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
With phenoxazine (PXZ) as the electron donor and perylene-3,4-dicarboximide (PMI) as the electron acceptor, we prepared a compact, orthogonal electron donor-acceptor dyad (PMI-PXZ) to study the spin-orbit charge transfer-induced intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). A weak charge transfer (CT) absorption band, due to S0 → 1CT transition, was observed (ε = 2840 M-1 cm-1 at 554 nm, FWHM: 2850 cm-1), which is different from that of the previously reported analogue dyad with phenothiazine as the electron donor (PMI-PTZ), for which no CT absorption band was observed. A long-lived triplet state was observed (lifetime τT = 182 μs) with nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 76%) is higher than that of the previously reported analogue dyad PMI-PTZ (ΦΔ = 57%). Ultrafast charge separation (ca. 0.14 ps) and slow charge recombination (1.4 ns) were observed with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. With time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (TREPR), we confirmed the SOCT-ISC mechanism, and the electron spin polarization phase pattern of the triplet-state TREPR spectrum is (e, e, a, e, a, a), which is dramatically different from that of PMI-PTZ (a, e, a, e, a, e), indicating that the triplet-state TREPR spectrum of a specific chromophore in the electron donor-acceptor dyads is not only dependent on the geometry of the dyads but also dependent on the structure of the electron donor (or acceptor). Even one-atom variation in the donor structure may cause significant influence on the electron spin selectivity of the ISC of the electron donor-acceptor dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiman Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ivan Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS Institutskaya Str., 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Ruomeng Duan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Matvey Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS Institutskaya Str., 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Yan Y, Sukhanov AA, Bousquet MHE, Guan Q, Zhao J, Voronkova VK, Escudero D, Barbon A, Xing Y, Gurzadyan GG, Jacquemin D. Does Twisted π-Conjugation Framework Always Induce Efficient Intersystem Crossing? A Case Study with Benzo[ b]- and [ a]Phenanthrene-Fused BODIPY Derivatives and Identification of a Dark State. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:6280-6295. [PMID: 34077214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties, especially the intersystem crossing (ISC) of two heavy-atom-free BODIPY derivatives with twisted π-conjugated frameworks (benzo[b]-fused BODIPY, BDP-B; and [a]phenanthrene-fused BODIPY, BDP-P), are studied with steady-state and time-resolved optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopic methods as well as with ADC(2) theoretical investigations. Interestingly, BDP-B has a planar π-conjugation framework, but it displays weaker UV-vis absorption (ε = 3.8 × 104 M-1 cm-1 at 569 nm) and fluorescence (ΦF < 0.1%), a short-lived singlet-excited state (fluorescence lifetime, τF = 0.2 ns), and a long-lived triplet state (τT = 132.3 μs). In comparison, the more twisted BDP-P shows stronger UV-vis absorption (ε = 9.8 × 104 M-1 cm-1 at 640 nm) and fluorescence (ΦF = 70%), longer singlet-excited-state lifetime (τF = 6.4 ns), and shorter triplet-state lifetime (τT = 18.9 μs). In contrast to helicenes (ΦT = ca. 90%), the ISC of BDP-P and BDP-B is nonefficient (ΦT < 23%). The electron spin selectivity of the ISC of the derivatives is different, manifested by the phase pattern of the TREPR spectra as AAEAEE and EEEAAA for BDP-B and BDP-P, respectively. The spatially confined T1 state wave function of the twisted molecule keeps the T1 state energy high (1.44-1.61 eV). A dark S1 state was identified for BDP-B. This work demonstrated that the twisted π-conjugated framework does not necessarily induce efficient ISC and we found a dark singlet state for BODIPY, which is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrei A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Sibirsky Tract 10/7, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | | | - Qinglin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Sibirsky Tract 10/7, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yongheng Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, P. R. China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes 44322, France
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Costabel D, Skabeev A, Nabiyan A, Luo Y, Max JB, Rajagopal A, Kowalczyk D, Dietzek B, Wächtler M, Görls H, Ziegenbalg D, Zagranyarski Y, Streb C, Schacher FH, Peneva K. 1,7,9,10-Tetrasubstituted PMIs Accessible through Decarboxylative Bromination: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical Studies, and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:4081-4088. [PMID: 33241590 PMCID: PMC7986912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new synthetic strategy for fourfold-substituted perylene monoimides via tetrabrominated perylene monoanhydrides. X-ray diffraction analysis unveiled the intramolecular stacking orientation between the substituents and semicircular packing behavior. We observed the remarkable influence of the substituent on the longevity and nature of the excited state upon visible light excitation. In the presence of poly(dehydroalanine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers as solubilizing template, the chromophores are capable of sensitizing [Mo3 S13 ]2- clusters in aqueous solution for stable visible light driven hydrogen evolution over three days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Costabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Artem Skabeev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Afshin Nabiyan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Yusen Luo
- Institute of Physical ChemistryAbbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Johannes B. Max
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Ashwene Rajagopal
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 1Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Daniel Kowalczyk
- Institute of Chemical EngineeringUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical ChemistryAbbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena andJena Center of Soft MatterFriedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Institute of Physical ChemistryAbbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldt Straße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Institute of Chemical EngineeringUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Yulian Zagranyarski
- Faculty of Chemistry and PharmacySofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”1 James Bourchier Blvd.1164SofiaBulgaria
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 1Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena andJena Center of Soft MatterFriedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstraße 807743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena andJena Center of Soft MatterFriedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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Xiao X, Pang J, Sukhanov AA, Hou Y, Zhao J, Li MD, Voronkova VK. The effect of one-atom substitution on the photophysical properties and electron spin polarization: Intersystem crossing of compact orthogonal perylene/phenoxazine electron donor/acceptor dyad. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184312. [PMID: 33187415 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A perylene (Pery)-phenoxazine (PXZ) compact orthogonal electron donor/acceptor dyad was prepared to study the relationship between the molecular structures and the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC), as well as the electron spin selectivity of the ISC process. The geometry of Pery-PXZ (80.0°) is different from the previously reported perylene-phenothiazine dyad (Pery-PTZ, 91.5°), although there is only one atom variation for the two dyads. Pery-PXZ shows a high singlet oxygen quantum yield (84%). Femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicate that the charge separation (CS, faster than 120 fs) is faster than the Pery-PTZ analog (CS, 250 fs) and charge recombination (CR, i.e., SOCT-ISC, 5.98 ns) of Pery-PXZ is slower than the Pery-PTZ analog (CR, 0.9 ns). The intrinsic triplet state lifetime of Pery-PXZ is 242 µs vs the lifetime of 181 µs for the Pery-PTZ analog. Moreover, the triplet state lifetime of Pery-PXZ in the solid polymer matrix is extended to 4.45 ms, which indicates that the triplet state of Pery-PXZ in fluid solution is deactivated not only by the triplet-triplet annihilation effect but also by other factors such as vibration coupled relaxation. Interestingly, with pulsed laser excited time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the electron spin polarization (ESP) pattern of the triplet state of the current dyad is opposite to that of Pery-PTZ. These results demonstrated the rich electron spin chemistry of the ISC of compact electron donor/acceptor dyads, e.g., the ESP is dependent on not only the molecular geometry but also the structure of the electron donor (or acceptor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrei A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
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