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Liu S, Wang Z, Wu Z, Chen H, Zhu D, Li G, Yan M, Bryce MR, Chang Y. Long-wavelength triggered iridium(III) complex nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy against hypoxic cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39171567 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
A long-wavelength triggered cationic iridium(III) complex, Ir5, and its corresponding nanoparticles with the ability to generate type I and type II reactive oxygen species have been synthesised. The complex targets mitochondria and achieves an excellent photodynamic therapy effect in hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Zihan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Haoran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China.
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Gungzhe Li
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, P. R. China.
| | - Mingming Yan
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, P. R. China.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Yulei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, China.
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2
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Delano F, Deshapriya S, Demir S. Guanidinate Yttrium Complexes Containing Bipyridyl and Bis(benzimidazolyl) Radicals. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9659-9669. [PMID: 38569134 PMCID: PMC11134503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Ancillary ligand scaffolds that sufficiently stabilize a metal ion to allow its coordination to an open-shell ligand are scarce, yet their development is essential for next-generation spin-based materials with topical applications in quantum information science. To this end, a synthetic challenge must be met: devising molecules that enable the binding of a redox-active ligand through facile displacement and clean removal of a weakly coordinating anion. Here, we probe the accessibility of unprecedented radical-containing rare-earth guanidinate complexes by combining our recently discovered yttrium tetraphenylborate complex [{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2Y][(μ-η6-Ph)(BPh3)] with the redox-active ligands 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 2,2'-bis(benzimidazole) (Bbim), respectively, under reductive conditions. Our endeavor resulted in the first evidence of guanidinate complexes that contain radicals, namely, a mononuclear bipyridyl radical complex, {(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2Y(bpy•) (1), and a dinuclear bis(benzimidazolyl) radical-bridged complex, [K(crypt-222)][{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2Y]2(μ-Bbim•) (2'). The latter was achieved by an in situ reduction of [{(Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2}2Y]2(μ-Bbim) (2), which was isolated from a salt metathesis reaction. 1 and 2 were characterized by X-ray crystallography and IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. Variable-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to gain insight into the distribution of unpaired spin density on 1 and 2'. Density functional theory calculations were conducted on 1 and 2' to elucidate further their electronic structures. The redox activity of 1 and 2' was also probed by electrochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan
State University (MSU), 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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3
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Yan J, Qu ZH, Zhou DY, Yiu SM, Qin Y, Zhou X, Liao LS, Chi Y. Bis-tridentate Ir(III) Phosphors and Blue Hyperphosphorescence with Suppressed Efficiency Roll-Off at High Brightness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3809-3818. [PMID: 38211320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Narrowband blue emitters are indispensable in achieving ultrahigh-definition OLED displays that satisfy the stringent BT 2020 standard. Hereby, a series of bis-tridentate Ir(III) complexes bearing electron-deficient imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylidene carbene coordination fragments and 2,6-diaryloxy pyridine ancillary groups were designed and synthesized. They exhibited deep blue emission with quantum yields of up to 89% and a radiative lifetime of 0.71 μs in the DPEPO host matrix, indicating both the high efficiency and excellent energy transfer process from the host to dopant. The OLED based on Irtb1 showed an emission at 468 nm with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.7%. Moreover, the hyper-OLED with Irtb1 as a sensitizer for transferring energy to terminal emitter v-DABNA exhibited a narrowband blue emission at 472 nm and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 24 nm, a maximum EQE of 23.5%, and EQEs of 19.7, 16.1, and 12.9% at a practical brightness of 100, 1000, and 5000 cd/m2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi-Hao Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dong-Ying Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yanyan Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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4
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Louis M, Force G, D'Anfray T, Bourgeat E, Romero E, Thuéry P, Audisio D, Sallustrau A, Taran F. Exploration of the Copper-Catalyzed Sydnone and Sydnonimine-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions by High-Throughput Experimentation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302713. [PMID: 37772346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of sydnones and sydnonimines toward terminal alkynes under copper catalysis has been explored using High-Throughput-Experimentation. A large panel of ligands and reaction conditions have been tested to optimize the copper-catalyzed sydnone click reaction discovered by our group ten years ago. This screening approach led to the identification of new ligands, which boosted the catalytic properties of copper and allowed the discovery of a new copper-catalyzed click-and-release reaction involving sydnonimines. This reaction allowed chemoselective ligation of terminal alkynes with sydnonimines and, simultaneously, the release of an isocyanate fragment molecule that can be used for further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Louis
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Force
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Timothée D'Anfray
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emma Bourgeat
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eugénie Romero
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- Université Paris-Saclay CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Tatarin SV, Meshcheriakova EA, Kozyukhin SA, Emets VV, Bezzubov SI. Rational design of efficient photosensitizers based on cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with 2-arylbenzimidazole and aromatic 1,3-diketone ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16261-16275. [PMID: 37855226 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A judicious selection of substituents in cyclometalating 2-arylbenzimidazoles and an ancillary aromatic 1,3-diketone enabled the creation of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes demonstrating strong light absorption up to 500 nm (ε ≈ 10 000-12 000 M-1 cm-1). The complexes, which were studied by various spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry, displayed tunable absorption maxima depending on the nature of substituents and their positions. The experimental study was corroborated by quantum chemical calculations, which showed an increased contribution of intraligand charge transfer transitions to the visible light absorption in the case of complexes containing electron-withdrawing substituents in the ligands. Despite being of high intensity, some of these transitions are responsible for the formation of the excited states located at large distances from the 'anchoring' fragment incorporated in the ancillary ligand. In turn, incorporation of electron-donating substituents at the para-position to the Ir-C bonds increases the number of excited states located on the ancillary ligand. The destabilization of the HOMO, which is caused by the increase in the electron-donating ability of the substituents in the metalated rings, translated into negative shifts of the Ir4+/Ir3+ redox potential, affecting, in some cases, the degree of electrochemical reversibility of the complexes. Several complexes having strong light-harvesting characteristics and undergoing reversible oxidation in the appropriate potential range were used for coating the TiO2 photoanodes, which reached an efficiency of 2.15% upon irradiation with the standard AM 1.5 spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Tatarin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta A Meshcheriakova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills, 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kozyukhin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Victor V Emets
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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6
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Benner F, La Droitte L, Cador O, Le Guennic B, Demir S. Magnetic hysteresis and large coercivity in bisbenzimidazole radical-bridged dilanthanide complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5577-5592. [PMID: 37265712 PMCID: PMC10231311 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A judicious combination of radical ligands innate to diffuse spin orbitals with paramagnetic metal ions elicits strong magnetic exchange coupling which leads to properties important for future technologies. This metal-radical approach aids in effective magnetic communication of especially lanthanide ions as their 4f orbitals are contracted and not readily accessible. Notably, a high spin density on the donor atoms of the radical is required for strong coupling. Such molecules are extremely rare owing to high reactivity rendering their isolation challenging. Herein, we present two unprecedented series of bisbenzimidazole-based dilanthanide complexes [(Cp*2Ln)2(μ-Bbim)] (1-Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Bbim = 2,2'-bisbenzimidazole) and [K(crypt-222)][(Cp*2Ln)2(μ-Bbim˙)] -(2-Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy), where the latter contains the first Bbim3-˙ radical matched with any paramagnetic metal ion. The magnetic exchange constant for 2-Gd of J = -1.96(2) cm-1 suggests strong antiferromagnetic Gd-radical coupling, whereas the lanthanides in 1-Gd are essentially uncoupled. Ab initio calculations on 2-Tb and 2-Dy uncovered coupling strengths of -4.8 and -1.8 cm-1. 1-Dy features open hysteresis loops with a coercive field of Hc of 0.11 T where the single-molecule magnetism can be attributed to the single-ion effect due to lack of coupling. Excitingly, pairing the effective magnetic coupling with the strong magnetic anisotropy of Dy results in magnetic hysteresis with a blocking temperature TB of 5.5 K and coercive field HC of 0.54 T, ranking 2-Dy as the second best dinuclear single-molecule magnet containing an organic radical bridge. A Bbim4- species is formed electrochemically hinting at the accessibility of Bbim-based redox-active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Benner
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Léo La Droitte
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Boris Le Guennic
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
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7
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Tatarin SV, Smirnov DE, Taydakov IV, Metlin MT, Emets VV, Bezzubov SI. Tailoring the π-system of benzimidazole ligands towards stable light-harvesting cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6435-6450. [PMID: 37092600 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, optical and redox properties as well as photovoltaic studies of iridium(III) complexes with cyclometalated 2-arylbenzimidazoles decorated with various polyaromatic fragments and an ancillary aromatic β-diketone are reported. Despite the strong preference of the iridium(III) ion to form bis- or tris-cyclometalated complexes in which the metal participates in five-membered metallacycles, the cyclometalation of the benzimidazole ligands containing rigid π-extended systems yields dimeric complexes containing strained five- or six-membered metallacycles and allows for generating an extremely rare monocyclometalated complex. X-ray crystallography shows that the steric strain observed in the dimers is retained in heteroleptic diketonate complexes which is also corroborated by gas-phase DFT calculations. While emission maxima and redox potentials of the heteroleptic complexes exhibit just a moderate variation upon the change of the cyclometalated ligands, the extension of the π-system of the benzimidazole ligands give the complexes remarkable light absorption in the visible spectral range, which meets the requirements for application in dye-sensitized solar cells. At the titania photoanodes, these iridium dyes retain their optical properties and exhibit power conversion efficiencies under standard AM 1.5 G conditions comparable to those of other iridium-based sensitizers. These results demonstrate that the size and position of the π-extended fragment in cyclometalated ligands can modulate not only the electronic structure of the corresponding iridium(III) complexes, but also affect their composition, structure and reactivity that may find implications in future design of emerging iridium dyes, emitters and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Tatarin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Daniil E Smirnov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Taydakov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail T Metlin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-ya Baumanskaya Str. 5/1, 105005, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Emets
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Bejoymohandas KS, Kim HU, Sohn S, Choi W, Jung S, Monti F, Park T. Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes with Benzothiophene-Quinoline Ligands for Deep-Red Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:43-55. [PMID: 36547377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three new cationic cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes equipped with differently substituted benzo[b]thiophen-2-ylquinoline cyclometalating ligands and with a sterically demanding tert-butyl-substituted 2,2'-bipyridine ancillary ligand were synthesized and structurally characterized by NMR and X-ray diffraction techniques. To tune the electronic properties of such complexes, the quinoline moiety of the cyclometalating ligands was kept pristine or equipped with electron-withdrawing phenyl and -CF3 substituents, leading to complexes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A complete electrochemical and photophysical investigation, supported by density functional theory calculations, permits a deep understanding of their electronic properties. The emission of all complexes arises from ligand-centered triplet states in the spectral range between 625 and 950 nm, with excited-state lifetimes between 2.10 and 6.32 μs at 298 K. The unsubstituted complex (1) exhibits the most blue-shifted emission in polymeric matrix at 298 K (λmax = 667 nm, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) = 0.25 and τ = 5.32 μs). The phenyl-substituted complex (2) displays the highest photoluminescent quantum yields (up to 0.30 in polymeric matrix), while the CF3-substituted counterpart (3) shows the most red-shifted emission, peaking at approx. 720 nm, but with lower quantum yields (e.g., 0.10 in polymeric matrix at 298 K). Complexes 1 and 2 were tested in single-layer nondoped light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs), using a nozzle-printing technique; both devices display deep-red electroluminescence with an external quantum efficiency close to 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kochan Sathyaseelan Bejoymohandas
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hae Un Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Sohn
- Department of Semiconductor Energy Engineering, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanuk Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Filippo Monti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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9
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Xiong WJ, Zhang XB, Dou SB, Quan ZM, Li DW, Niu ZG, Li GN. Green to red-emitting neutral iridium complexes with phenyl-indazole type cyclometalating ligand: Synthesis, photophysical properties and DFT calculations. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Theoretical Approach for the Luminescent Properties of Ir(III) Complexes to Produce Red-Green-Blue LEC Devices. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092623. [PMID: 35565982 PMCID: PMC9104581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With an appropriate mixture of cyclometalating and ancillary ligands, based on simple structures (commercial or easily synthesized), it has been possible to design a family of eight new Ir(III) complexes (1A, 1B, 2B, 2C, 3B, 3C, 3D and 3E) useful as luminescent materials in LEC devices. These complexes involved the use of phenylpyridines or fluorophenylpyridines as cyclometalating ligands and bipyridine or phenanthroline-type structures as ancillary ligands. The emitting properties have been evaluated from a theoretical approach through Density Functional Theory and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory calculations, determining geometric parameters, frontier orbital energies, absorption and emission energies, injection and transport parameters of holes and electrons, and parameters associated with the radiative and non-radiative decays. With these complexes it was possible to obtain a wide range of emission colours, from deep red to blue (701-440 nm). Considering all the calculated parameters between all the complexes, it was identified that 1B was the best red, 2B was the best green, and 3D was the best blue emitter. Thus, with the mixture of these complexes, a dual host-guest system with 3D-1B and an RGB (red-green-blue) system with 3D-2B-1B are proposed, to produce white LECs.
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11
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Benner F, Demir S. Isolation of the elusive bisbenzimidazole Bbim 3−˙ radical anion and its employment in a metal complex. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5818-5829. [PMID: 35685798 PMCID: PMC9132035 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07245e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of singular organic radical ligands is a formidable challenge due to high reactivity arising from the unpaired electron. Matching radical ligands with metal ions to engender magnetic coupling is crucial for eliciting preeminent physical properties such as conductivity and magnetism that are crucial for future technologies. The metal-radical approach is especially important for the lanthanide ions exhibiting deeply buried 4f-orbitals. The radicals must possess a high spin density on the donor atoms to promote strong coupling. Combining diamagnetic 89Y (I = 1/2) with organic radicals allows for invaluable insight into the electronic structure and spin-density distribution. This approach is hitherto underutilized, possibly owing to the challenging synthesis and purification of such molecules. Herein, evidence of an unprecedented bisbenzimidazole radical anion (Bbim3−˙) along with its metalation in the form of an yttrium complex, [K(crypt-222)][(Cp*2Y)2(μ-Bbim˙)] is provided. Access of Bbim3−˙ was feasible through double-coordination to the Lewis acidic metal ion and subsequent one-electron reduction, which is remarkable as Bbim2− was explicitly stated to be redox-inactive in closed-shell complexes. Two molecules containing Bbim2− (1) and Bbim3−˙ (2), respectively, were thoroughly investigated by X-ray crystallography, NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Electrochemical studies unfolded a quasi-reversible feature and emphasize the role of the metal centre for the Bbim redox-activity as neither the free ligand nor the Bbim2− complex led to analogous CV results. Excitingly, a strong delocalization of the electron density through the Bbim3−˙ ligand was revealed via temperature-dependent EPR spectroscopy and confirmed through DFT calculations and magnetometry, rendering Bbim3−˙ an ideal candidate for single-molecule magnet design. The long sought-after bisbenzimidazole radical was isolated through complexation to two rare earth metallocenes followed by reduction, and analysed through crystallography, VT EPR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, magnetometry, and DFT computations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Benner
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Selvan Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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12
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Rational design and synthesis of AIE active cationic Ir(III) complexes featuring iminopyridine ligand with dibenzosuberane core. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Tatarin SV, Kalle P, Taydakov IV, Varaksina EA, Korshunov VM, Bezzubov SI. Sterically hindered phenanthroimidazole ligands drive the structural flexibility and facile ligand exchange in cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6889-6900. [PMID: 33913992 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00820j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes with 2-arylphenanthroimidazole "antenna" ligands containing electron-donor or withdrawing substituents and a more flexible ancillary aromatic β-diketone bearing the "anchoring" carboxymethyl function has been prepared. Thorough X-ray study of the complexes revealed significant structural strains caused by bulky cyclometalated 2-arylphenanthroimidazoles resulting in dramatic distortions of the iridium octahedron and even in twist of the phenanthrene fragment. The crystal data were corroborated by gas-phase DFT calculations whereby the geometry of the complexes was distorted in the same way. While redox potentials, absorption and emission maxima of the complexes displayed expected change upon the variation of the electron-donating ability of the cyclometalated ligands, the complexes readily exchanged the bidentate ancillary ligand in the presence of a negligible amount of protons that was inspected in solution by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Moreover, after hydrolysis of the carboxymethyl group the resulting complexes readily react with the surface of titanium dioxide giving unique binuclear structures in which the deprotonated carboxy group of the coordinated β-diketonate binds the second bis-cyclometalated unit by forming a four-membered metallacycle. Though the enhanced reactivity of the complexes is contrary to the common idea of the high inertness of iridium(iii) compounds it can be seen as a consequence of the interplay between the steric hindrance induced by the ligands and the strong preference of the iridium(iii) ion for octahedral geometry. This study demonstrates that the use of bulky ligands provides access to light-harvesting iridium(iii) complexes with required extent of lability which may be promising as photocatalysts and biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Tatarin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia. and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills, 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Paulina Kalle
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia. and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills, 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya V Taydakov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia and G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., Moscow, 117997 Russian Federation
| | - Evgenia A Varaksina
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladislav M Korshunov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia and Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-ya Baumanskaya Str. 5/1, 105005, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Bezzubov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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14
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Yu F, Sheng Y, Wu D, Qin K, Li H, Xie G, Xue Q, Sun Z, Lu Z, Ma H, Hang XC. Blue-Phosphorescent Pt(II) Complexes of Tetradentate Pyridyl–Carbolinyl Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, Photophysics, and Electroluminescence. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14493-14500. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yongjian Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ke Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Yanshan Branch of Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Sinopec, Beijing 102500, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qin Xue
- Department of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhengyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhenzhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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15
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Synthesis, structures, photophysical properties, and theoretical study of four cationic iridium(III) complexes with electron-withdrawing groups on the neutral ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Balónová
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | | | - Barry A Blight
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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17
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Frohleiks J, Wepfer S, Bacher G, Nannen E. Realization of Red Iridium-Based Ionic Transition Metal Complex Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (iTMC-LECs) by Interface-Induced Color Shift. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22612-22620. [PMID: 31244025 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Red ionic iridium-based transition metal complex light-emitting electrochemical cells (iTMC-LECs) with emission centered at ca. 650 nm, maximum efficiency of 0.3%, maximum brightness above 650 cd m-2, and device lifetime well above 200 and 33 h at brightness levels of 10 and 210 cd m-2, respectively, are realized by the introduction of a p-type polymer interface to the standard design of [Ir(ppy)2(pbpy)]+[PF6]- (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine, pbpy = 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine) iTMC-LEC. The unexpected color shift from yellow to red is studied in detail with respect to operation conditions and material combination. The experimental data suggest that either exciplex formation or subordinate, usually suppressed optical transitions of the iTMC might become activated by the introduced interface, causing the pronounced red shift of the peak emission wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ekaterina Nannen
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Textile Innovatory , University of Applied Sciences Niederrhein , 47805 Krefeld , Germany
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18
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Yang T, Wang Y, Liu X, Li G, Che W, Zhu D, Su Z, Bryce MR. Reversible tricolour luminescence switching based on a piezochromic iridium(iii) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14582-14585. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of rational molecular design, the tricolour luminescence switching of an Ir(iii) complex is achieved for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xingman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Guangfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Weilong Che
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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