1
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Teimouri MB, Deperasińska I, Rammo M, Banasiewicz M, Stark CW, Dobrzycki Ł, Cyrański MK, Rebane A, Gryko DT. Strongly Polarized π-Extended 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles Fused with Tetrazolo[1,5- a]quinolines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4657-4672. [PMID: 38530877 PMCID: PMC11002929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A straightforward route to 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles comprised of two electron-withdrawing quinoline or tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline scaffolds has been developed. The versatile multicomponent reaction affording 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles combined with intramolecular direct arylation enables assembly of these products in just three steps from anilines with overall yields exceeding 30%. The planarized, ladder-type heteroacenes possess up to 14 conjugated rings. These nominally quadrupolar materials exhibit efficient fluorescence with wavelengths spanning most of the visible spectrum from green-yellow for the dyes possessing biaryl bridges and orange-red for the fully fused systems. In many cases, the fluorescence quantum yields are large, the solvatofluorochromic effects are strong, and the fluorescence is maintained even in crystalline state. Analysis of the electronic structure of these molecular architectures using quantum chemical methods suggests that the character and position of the flanking heterocycle determine the shape of HOMO and LUMO and their extension to N-aryl substituents, influencing the values of molar absorption coefficient. An experimental study of the two-photon absorption (2PA) properties has revealed that it occurs in the 700-800 nm range with apparent deviation from the Laporte parity selection rule, which may be attributed to Hertzberg-Teller contribution to vibronically allowed 2PA transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B. Teimouri
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Mofateh Ave, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
| | - Irena Deperasińska
- Institute
of Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
| | - Matt Rammo
- National
Institute for Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute
of Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
| | - Charles W. Stark
- National
Institute for Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- National
Institute for Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
- Department
of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
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2
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Tasior M, Vakuliuk O, Wrzosek A, Vullev VI, Szewczyk A, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Quadrupolar, Highly Polarized Dyes: Emission Dependence on Viscosity and Selective Mitochondria Staining. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:248-257. [PMID: 38585507 PMCID: PMC10995932 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Quadrupolar A-D-A-type 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles (DHPPs) bearing pyridinium and quinolinium substituents emit in the 500-600 nm region. The enhancement of electronic communication between the electron-rich heterocyclic core and electron-deficient peripheral substituents turned out to be crucial for achieving emission enhancement in viscous media. DHPP bearing two 4-pyridinium substituents has optical brightness 34,000 in glycerol and only 700 in MeOH, as evidenced by measurements of the emission intensity and fluorescence lifetimes in a series of polar solvents. Such behavior makes it an excellent candidate for viscosity probes in fluorescence microscopy, as demonstrated by the fluorescence imaging of H9C2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzosek
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentine I. Vullev
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, Riverside,
900 University Ave., Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki
Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR-6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Li C, Huang H, Sun L, Huang M, Ding H, Bai J, Cao BP, Xiao Q. Three-Component Synthesis of Dioxaphosphorane-Fused Diphosphacycles Exhibiting Unique Dynamic Fluorescence "On/Off" Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215436. [PMID: 36524991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rigidly planar polycyclic phosphacycles featuring an internal dioxaphosphorane are promising photofunctional materials. However, the lack of efficient synthetic methods resulted in limited structural diversities which significantly hampered extensive study. Herein, we report a straightforward three-component synthesis of novel dioxaphosphorane-fused diphosphacycles with distinctive photophysical properties. Control experiments and theory calculations were performed to account for a plausible reaction mechanism. We also systematically investigated the structure-property relationships of these unprecedented platforms by combining experiments (X-ray analysis, optical and redox properties) and theoretical computations. Based on their unique structure and properties, a novel fluorescent switch for pH sensing was revealed by a dynamic ring-opening/ring-closing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Longgen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Haixin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ban-Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
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4
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Stecko S, Gryko DT. Multifunctional Heteropentalenes: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1290-1305. [PMID: 35783172 PMCID: PMC9241017 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the broad family of heteropentalenes, the combination of two five-membered heterocyclic rings fused in the [3,2-b] mode has attracted the most significant attention. The relatively straightforward access to these structures, being a consequence of the advances in the last two decades, combined with their physicochemical properties which match the requirements associated with many applications has led to an explosion of applied research. In this Perspective, we will discuss the recent progress of heteropentalenes' usefulness as an active element of organic light-emitting diodes and organic field-effect transistors. Among the myriad of possible combinations for the different heteroatoms, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes and 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are subject to the most intense studies. Together they comprise a potent optoelectronics tool resulting from the combination of appreciable photophysical properties, chemical reactivity, and straightforward synthesis.
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5
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Kowalczyk P, Tasior M, Ozaki S, Kamada K, Gryko DT. From 2,5-Diformyl-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles to Quadrupolar, Centrosymmetric Two-Photon-Absorbing A-D-A Dyes. Org Lett 2022; 24:2551-2555. [PMID: 35343707 PMCID: PMC9003575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An original approach has been developed for the insertion of formyl substituents at positions 2 and 5 of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles by conversion of thiazol-2-yl substituents. The synthetic utility of these formyl groups was investigated, and a series of centrosymmetric A-π-D-π-A frameworks were constructed. The two-photon absorption of the quadrupolar pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole possessing two dicyanovinylidene flanking groups is attributed to an S0 → (S1) → S4 transition which has a large TPA cross-section (1300 GM) for a molecule of this size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kowalczyk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shuhei Ozaki
- NMRI,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamada
- NMRI,
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Ma J, Wang L, Duan Z. Chemo- and Regioselectivity-Tunable Phosphination of Alkynes. Org Lett 2022; 24:1550-1555. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lili Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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7
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Kubota Y, Koide K, Mizuno Y, Nakazawa M, Inuzuka T, Funabiki K, Sato H, Matsui M. Synthesis and fluorescence properties of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrole dyes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite being regioisomers, unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles 5 and 6 showed significantly different absorption and fluorescence properties due to the difference of the resonance structure between 5 and 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kenta Koide
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuka Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masato Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubara-Cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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8
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Tasior M, Kowalczyk P, Przybył M, Czichy M, Janasik P, Bousquet MHE, Łapkowski M, Rammo M, Rebane A, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Going beyond the borders: pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles with deep red emission. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15935-15946. [PMID: 35024117 PMCID: PMC8672719 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-step route to strongly absorbing and efficiently orange to deep red fluorescent, doubly B/N-doped, ladder-type pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles has been developed. We synthesize and study a series of derivatives of these four-coordinate boron-containing, nominally quadrupolar materials, which mostly exhibit one-photon absorption in the 500-600 nm range with the peak molar extinction coefficients reaching 150 000, and emission in the 520-670 nm range with the fluorescence quantum yields reaching 0.90. Within the family of these ultrastable dyes even small structural changes lead to significant variations of the photophysical properties, in some cases attributed to reversal of energy ordering of alternate-parity excited electronic states. Effective preservation of ground-state inversion symmetry was evidenced by very weak two-photon absorption (2PA) at excitation wavelengths corresponding to the lowest-energy, strongly one-photon allowed purely electronic transition. π-Expanded derivatives and those possessing electron-donating groups showed the most red-shifted absorption- and emission spectra, while displaying remarkably high peak 2PA cross-section (σ 2PA) values reaching ∼2400 GM at around 760 nm, corresponding to a two-photon allowed higher-energy excited state. At the same time, derivatives lacking π-expansion were found to have a relatively weak 2PA peak centered at ca. 800-900 nm with the maximum σ 2PA ∼50-250 GM. Our findings are augmented by theoretical calculations performed using TD-DFT method, which reproduce the main experimental trends, including the 2PA, in a nearly quantitative manner. Electrochemical studies revealed that the HOMO of the new dyes is located at ca. -5.35 eV making them relatively electron rich in spite of the presence of two B--N+ dative bonds. These dyes undergo a fully reversible first oxidation, located on the diphenylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core, directly to the di(radical cation) stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marta Przybył
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | | | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland .,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 41-819 Zabrze Poland
| | - Matt Rammo
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia.,Department of Physics, Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Lab-UMR 6230, CNRS, University of Nantes Nantes France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Ikeda S, Yoshimura A, Shirahata T, Matano Y, Misaki Y. π-Conjugated Molecules Containing Tetrathiafulvalene and Benzo[ b]phosphole Oxide: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical and Optical Properties. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunki Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirahata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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10
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Yoshimura A, Misaki Y. Periphery Modification of Tetrathiafulvalenes: Recent Development and Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3520-3531. [PMID: 34086402 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its analogs are fascinating molecules in materials science based on their excellent electron-donating abilities. This personal account describes recent advances in the synthesis of TTF analogs for functional materials via the palladium-catalyzed modification of peripheries of TTF analogs. We first consider three types of molecules: fluorophore-TTF hybrid molecules, multi-redox systems, and an organic ligand for metal-organic frameworks. These molecules were successfully synthesized via Stille coupling or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H arylation and their structural, electrochemical, and optical properties were clarified. Subsequently, phosphorus-substituted TTF analogs were successfully synthesized for future applications of redox-active phosphine ligands for metal catalysts. The development of these molecules can significantly affect the advancement of chemical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering/ Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering/ Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.,Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
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11
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Tasior M, Vakuliuk O, Koga D, Koszarna B, Górski K, Grzybowski M, Kielesiński Ł, Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT. Method for the Large-Scale Synthesis of Multifunctional 1,4-Dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13529-13543. [PMID: 32907329 PMCID: PMC7656515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A thorough investigation has enabled
the optimization of the synthesis
of 1,4-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Although salts
of such metals as vanadium, niobium, cerium, and manganese were found
to facilitate the formation of 1,4-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles from amines, aldehydes, and diacetyl, we confirmed that
iron salts are the most efficient catalysts. The conditions identified
(first step: toluene/AcOH = 1:1, 1 h, 50 °C; second step: toluene/AcOH
= 1:1, Fe(ClO4)3·H2O, 16 h,
50 °C) resulted in the formation of tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles in a 6–69% yield. For the first time,
very electron-rich substituents (4-Me2NC6H4, 3-(OH)C6H4, pyrrol-2-yl) originating
from aldehydes and sterically hindered substituents (2-ClC6H4, 2-BrC6H4, 2-CNC6H4, 2-(CO2Me)C6H4, 2-(TMS-C≡C)C6H4) present on anilines can be appended to the
pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core. It is now also possible
to prepare 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles bearing
an ordered arrangement of N-substituents and C-substituents ranging from coumarin, quinoline, phthalimide
to truxene. These advances in scope enable independent regulations
of many desired photophysical properties, including the Stokes shift
value and emission color ranging from violet-blue through deep blue,
green, yellow to red. Simultaneously, the optimized conditions have
finally allowed the synthesis of these extremely promising heterocycles
in amounts of more than 10 g per run without a concomitant decrease
in yield or product contamination. Empowered with better functional
group compatibility, novel derivatization strategies were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daiki Koga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kielesiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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