1
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Davison N, Zhou K, Waddell PG, Wills C, Dixon C, Hu SX, Lu E. Versatile Coordination Modes of Multidentate Neutral Amine Ligands with Group 1 Metal Cations. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3674-3682. [PMID: 35148099 PMCID: PMC9097481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This work comprehensively investigated the coordination chemistry of a hexa-dentate neutral amine ligand, namely, N,N',N"-tris-(2-N-diethylaminoethyl)-1,4,7-triaza-cyclononane (DETAN), with group-1 metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+). Versatile coordination modes were observed, from four-coordinate trigonal pyramidal to six-coordinate trigonal prismatic, depending on the metal ionic radii and metal's substituent. For comparison, the coordination chemistry of a tetra-dentate tris-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6Tren) ligand was also studied. This work defines the available coordination modes of two multidentate amine ligands (DETAN and Me6Tren), guiding future applications of these ligands for pursuing highly reactive and elusive s-block and rare-earth metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- Chemistry-School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
| | - Ke Zhou
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Science & Shaanxi Key Laboratory
of Catalysis & Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi University of Technology. Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Paul G. Waddell
- Chemistry-School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
| | - Corinne Wills
- Chemistry-School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
| | - Casey Dixon
- Chemistry-School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Beijing
Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Erli Lu
- Chemistry-School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
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2
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Schrimpf T, Otte F, Strohmann C. Crystal structure of N, N, N', N'-tetra-methyl-ethane-di-amine. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:36-39. [PMID: 35079420 PMCID: PMC8739202 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021012457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The title compound N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-ethanedi-amine, C6H16N2, is a bidentate amine ligand commonly used in organolithium chemistry for deaggregation. Crystals were grown at 243 K from n-pentane solution. The complete mol-ecule is generated by a crystallographic center of symmetry and the conformation of the di-amine is anti-periplanar. To investigate the inter-molecular inter-actions, a Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed. It showed that H⋯H (van der Waals) inter-actions dominate with a contact percentage of 92.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schrimpf
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Felix Otte
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Davison N, Waddell PG, Dixon C, Wills C, Penfold TJ, Lu E. A monomeric (trimethylsilyl)methyl lithium complex: synthesis, structure, decomposition and preliminary reactivity studies. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:10707-10713. [PMID: 34854445 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric organolithium (LiR) complexes could provide enhanced Li-C bond reactivity and suggest mechanisms for a plethora of LiR-mediated reactions. They are highly sought-after but remain a synthetic challenge for organometallic chemists. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a monomeric (trimethylsilyl)methyl lithium complex, namely [Li(CH2SiMe3)(κ3-N,N',N''-Me6Tren)] (1), where Me6Tren is a tetradentate neutral amine ligand. The structure of 1 was comprehensively examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, variable temperature NMR spectroscopy and electron absorption spectroscopy. Complex 1 decomposes via ligand C-H and C-N activations to produce a Li amide complex 2. Preliminary reactivity studies of 1 reveal CO insertion and C-H activation reaction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Paul G Waddell
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Casey Dixon
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Corinne Wills
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Erli Lu
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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4
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Cebi E, Klett J. Endohedral Mixed Aggregates: Sodium Alkoxide Cages with Organic or Inorganic Central Anions and Variable Hull. Chemistry 2021; 27:12693-12701. [PMID: 33938049 PMCID: PMC8453731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metal alkoxides are widely used in chemistry due to their Brønsted basic and nucleophilic properties. Potassium alkoxides assist alkyllithium in the metalation of hydrocarbons in Lochmann‐Schlosser‐bases. Both compounds form mixed aggregates, which enhance the thermal stability, solubility, and the basic reactivity of these mixtures. A very unusual spherical mixed alkoxy aggregate was discovered by Grützmacher et al., where a central dihydrogen phosphide anion is surrounded by a highly dynamic shell of thirteen sodium atoms and a hull of twelve tert‐butoxide groups. This structural motif can be reproduced by a reaction of trimethylsilyl compounds of methane, halogens, or pseudo‐halogens with excess sodium tert‐butoxide. A nucleophilic substitution releases the corresponding anion, which is then encapsulated by the sodium alkoxide units. The compounds are soluble in hydrocarbon solvents, enabling studies of solutions by high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy and IR/Raman studies of the crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkam Cebi
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Jan Klett
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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5
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Davison N, Falbo E, Waddell PG, Penfold TJ, Lu E. A monomeric methyllithium complex: synthesis and structure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6205-6208. [PMID: 34059860 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01420j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Methyllithium (MeLi) is the parent archetypal organolithium complex. MeLi exists as aggregates in solutions and solid states. Monomeric MeLi is postulated as a highly reactive intermediate and plays a vital role in understanding MeLi-mediated reactions but has not been isolated. Herein, we report the synthesis and structure of the first monomeric MeLi complex enabled by a new hexadentate neutral amine ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Emanuele Falbo
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Paul G Waddell
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Erli Lu
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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6
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Klett J. Structural Motifs of Alkali Metal Superbases in Non-coordinating Solvents. Chemistry 2021; 27:888-904. [PMID: 33165981 PMCID: PMC7839563 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lochmann-Schlosser superbases (LSB) are a standard reagent in synthetic chemistry to achieve an exchange of a proton on an organic framework with an alkali metal cation, which in turn can be replaced by a wide range of electrophilic groups. In standard examples, the deprotonating reagent consists of an equimolar mixture of n-butyllithium and potassium t-butoxide. However, the nature of the reactive species could not be pinned down either for this composition or for similar mixtures with comparable high reactivity. Despite the poor solubility and the fierce reactivity, some insights into this mixture were achieved by some indirect results, comparison with chemically related systems, or skillful deductions. Recent results, mainly based on new soluble compounds, delivered structural evidence. These new insights lead to advanced and more detailed conclusions about the interplay of the involved components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klett
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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7
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Lösungsmitteleinflüsse auf die Struktur und Stabilität von Alkalimetallcarbenoiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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8
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Dilchert K, Schmidt M, Großjohann A, Feichtner K, Mulvey RE, Gessner VH. Solvation Effects on the Structure and Stability of Alkali Metal Carbenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:493-498. [PMID: 33006796 PMCID: PMC7821203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
s-Block metal carbenoids are carbene synthons and applied in a myriad of organic transformations. They exhibit a strong structure-activity relationship, but this is only poorly understood due to the challenging high reactivity and sensitivity of these reagents. Here, we report on systematic VT and DOSY NMR studies, XRD analyses as well as DFT calculations on a sulfoximinoyl-substituted model system to explain the pronounced solvent dependency of the carbenoid stability. While the sodium and potassium chloride carbenoids showed high stabilities independent of the solvent, the lithium carbenoid was stable at room temperature in THF but decomposed at -10 °C in toluene. These divergent stabilities could be explained by the different structures formed in solution. In contrast to simple organolithium reagents, the monomeric THF-solvate was found to be more stable than the dimer in toluene, since the latter more readily forms direct Li/Cl interactions which facilitate decomposition via α-elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dilchert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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9
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Bauer JO, Strohmann C. Unusual Coordination Pattern of the Lithium Center in a Chiral α-Lithiated Silicon Compound. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O. Bauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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10
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Antonov AS, Karpov VV, Tupikina EY, Tolstoy PM, Vovk MA. Aggregation Behavior of Lithionaphthalenes in Solution: Experimental and Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Antonov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Valerii V. Karpov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Yu. Tupikina
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Peter M. Tolstoy
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Vovk
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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11
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Bauer JO. The crystal structure of the triclinic polymorph of hexameric (trimethylsilyl)methyllithium, C 24H 66Li 6Si 6. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2019-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C24H66Li6Si6, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 12.2492(9) Å, b = 12.4617(9) Å, c = 14.3841(11) Å, α = 74.189(6), β = 74.543(7), γ = 85.970(6), V = 2036.2(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0465, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0802, T = 173(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O. Bauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31 , D-93053 Regensburg , Germany
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12
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Knauer L, Strohmann C. The structure-defining incorporation of chloride in methyllithium dimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13543-13546. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05547f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two polymeric solid-state structures of pmdta-stabilized methyllithium with co-existing tetrameric and dimeric units were obtained, linked by the structure-giving “contaminant” LiCl, incorporated only in dimeric entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Knauer
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
- TU Dortmund University
- 44227 Dortmund
- Germany
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