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Botter E, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Liposomal Formulations of Metallodrugs for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9337. [PMID: 39273286 PMCID: PMC11394711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for new antineoplastic agents is imperative, as cancer remains one of the most preeminent causes of death worldwide. Since the discovery of the therapeutic potential of cisplatin, the study of metallodrugs in cancer chemotherapy acquired increasing interest. Starting from cisplatin derivatives, such as oxaliplatin and carboplatin, in the last years, different compounds were explored, employing different metal centers such as iron, ruthenium, gold, and palladium. Nonetheless, metallodrugs face several drawbacks, such as low water solubility, rapid clearance, and possible side toxicity. Encapsulation has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these issues, providing both improved biocompatibility and protection of the payload from possible degradation in the biological environment. In this respect, liposomes, which are spherical vesicles characterized by an aqueous core surrounded by lipid bilayers, have proven to be ideal candidates due to their versatility. In fact, they can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, are biocompatible, and their properties can be tuned to improve the selective delivery to tumour sites exploiting both passive and active targeting. In this review, we report the most recent findings on liposomal formulations of metallodrugs, with a focus on encapsulation techniques and the obtained biological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Botter
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Cybulski M, Zaremba-Czogalla M, Trzaskowski B, Kubiszewski M, Tobiasz J, Jaromin A, Krzeczyński P, Gubernator J, Michalak O. The conjugates of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine and hydroxycinnamic acids - synthesis, anti-pancreatic cancer activity and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13129-13141. [PMID: 38655481 PMCID: PMC11036175 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
New amide conjugates 1-6 of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5-dFCR), the prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), were synthesized and tested in vitro against pancreatic cancer lines (PDAC). The compounds showed slightly higher efficacy against primary BxPC-3 cells (IC50 values of 14-45 μM) than against metastatic AsPC-1 (IC50 values of 37-133 μM), and similar to that of 5-FU for both PDAC lines. Compound 1, which has a para-(acetyloxy)coumaroyl substituent, was found to be the most potent (IC50 = 14 μM) with a selectivity index of approximately 7 to normal dermal fibroblasts (IC50 = 96 μM). The potential pharmacological profiles were discussed on the basis of the ADME data. Docking to the carboxylesterase CES2 showed that the synthesized compounds have the ability to bind via hydrogen bonding between a specific acetate group of the sugar moiety and Ser228, which belongs to the catalytic triad that causes hydrolysis. Docking to albumin, a major transport protein in the circulatory system, revealed a strong interaction of the conjugates at the binding site which is native to warfarin and responsible for its transport in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Cybulski
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute Rydygiera 8 01-793 Warsaw Poland +48 453 056 175 +48 453 056 177
| | - Magdalena Zaremba-Czogalla
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marek Kubiszewski
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute Rydygiera 8 01-793 Warsaw Poland
| | - Joanna Tobiasz
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute Rydygiera 8 01-793 Warsaw Poland +48 453 056 175 +48 453 056 177
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Piotr Krzeczyński
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute Rydygiera 8 01-793 Warsaw Poland +48 453 056 175 +48 453 056 177
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Olga Michalak
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute Rydygiera 8 01-793 Warsaw Poland +48 453 056 175 +48 453 056 177
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Cybulski M, Sidoryk K, Zaremba-Czogalla M, Trzaskowski B, Kubiszewski M, Tobiasz J, Jaromin A, Michalak O. The Conjugates of Indolo[2,3- b]quinoline as Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2573. [PMID: 38473820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
New amide conjugates of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) and the known antineoplastic 5,11-dimethyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline (DiMIQ), an analog of the natural alkaloid neocryptolepine, were synthesized and tested in vitro for anticancer activity. The compound 9-[((2-hydroxy)cinnamoyl)amino]-5,11-dimethyl-5H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoline (2), which contains the ortho-coumaric acid fragment, demonstrated dose-dependent effectiveness against both normal BxPC-3 and metastatic AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. The IC50 values for AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 were 336.5 nM and 347.5 nM, respectively, with a selectivity index of approximately 5 for both pancreatic cancer cells compared to normal dermal fibroblasts. Conjugate 2 did not exhibit any hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes at the tested concentration. Computational studies were performed to predict the pharmacokinetic profile and potential mechanism of action of the synthesized conjugates. These studies focused on the ADME properties of the conjugates and their interactions with DNA, as well as DNA-topoisomerase alpha and beta complexes. All of the conjugates studied showed approximately one order of magnitude stronger binding to DNA compared to the reference DiMIQ, and approximately two orders of magnitude stronger binding to the topoisomerase II-DNA complex compared to DiMIQ. Conjugate 2 was predicted to have the strongest binding to the enzyme-DNA complex, with a Ki value of 2.8 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Cybulski
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sidoryk
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zaremba-Czogalla
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kubiszewski
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Tobiasz
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olga Michalak
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
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Chen J, Li W, Li G, Liu X, Huang C, Nie H, Liang L, Wang Y, Liu Y. Targeted liposomes encapsulated iridium(III) compound greatly enhance anticancer efficacy and induce cell death via ferroptosis on HepG2 cells. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116078. [PMID: 38141286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ligands 2-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (PIP), 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (NPIP), 2-(2-nitronaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (NNIP) and their iridium(III) metal compounds [Ir(ppy)2(PIP)](PF6) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, 1a), [Ir(ppy)2(NPIP)](PF6) (1b), [Ir(ppy)2(NNIP)](PF6) (1c) were designed and synthesized. The anti-cancer activities of 1a, 1b and 1c on BEL-7402, HepG2, SK-Hep1 and non-cancer LO2 were detected using MTT method. 1a shows moderate, 1b and 1c display low or no anti-cancer activities. To elevate the anti-cancer effectiveness, encapsulating the compounds 1a, 1b and 1c into the ordinary or targeted liposomes to produce 1alip, 1blip, 1clip, or targeted 1aTlip, 1bTlip and 1cTlip. The IC50 values of 1alip, 1blip, 1clip, 1aTlip, 1bTlip and 1cTlip against HepG2 cells are 7.9 ± 0.1, 8.6 ± 0.2, 16.9 ± 0.5, 5.9 ± 0.2, 7.3 ± 0.1 and 9.7 ± 0.7 μM, respectively. Specifically, the anti-tumor activity assays in vivo found that the inhibitory rates are 23.24 % for 1a, 61.27 % for 1alip, 76.06 % for 1aTlip. It is obvious that the targeted liposomes entrapped iridium(III) compound greatly enhance anti-cancer efficacy. Additionally, 1alip, 1blip and 1clip or targeted 1aTlip, 1bTlip and 1cTlip can effectively restrain the cell colony and proliferation in the G0/G1 period. 1alip, 1blip, 1clip, 1aTlip, 1bTlip and 1cTlip can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, arouse a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential and promote Ca2+ release. RNA-sequence was applied to examine the signaling pathways. Taken together, the liposomes or targeted liposomes encapsulated compounds trigger cell death by way of apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, disruption of mitochondrial function and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wenlong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Gechang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | | | - Chunxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hua Nie
- Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514031, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Jaromin A, Zarnowski R, Markowski A, Zagórska A, Johnson CJ, Etezadi H, Kihara S, Mota-Santiago P, Nett JE, Boyd BJ, Andes DR. Liposomal formulation of a new antifungal hybrid compound provides protection against Candida auris in the ex vivo skin colonization model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0095523. [PMID: 38092678 PMCID: PMC10777852 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00955-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged pathogen, Candida auris, presents a serious threat to public health worldwide. This multidrug-resistant yeast often colonizes and persists on the skin of patients, can easily spread from person to person, and can cause life-threatening systemic infections. New antifungal therapies are therefore urgently needed to limit and control both superficial and systemic C. auris infections. In this study, we designed a novel antifungal agent, PQA-Az-13, that contains a combination of indazole, pyrrolidine, and arylpiperazine scaffolds substituted with a trifluoromethyl moiety. PQA-Az-13 demonstrated antifungal activity against biofilms of a set of 10 different C. auris clinical isolates, representing all four geographical clades distinguished within this species. This compound showed strong activity, with MIC values between 0.67 and 1.25 µg/mL. Cellular proteomics indicated that PQA-Az-13 partially or completely inhibited numerous enzymatic proteins in C. auris biofilms, particularly those involved in both amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism processes, as well as in general energy-producing processes. Due to its hydrophobic nature and limited aqueous solubility, PQA-Az-13 was encapsulated in cationic liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride (DOTAP), and N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, sodium salt (DSPE-PEG 2000), and characterized by biophysical and spectral techniques. These PQA-Az-13-loaded liposomes displayed a mean size of 76.4 nm, a positive charge of +45.0 mV, a high encapsulation efficiency of 97.2%, excellent stability, and no toxicity to normal human dermal fibroblasts. PQA-Az-13 liposomes demonstrated enhanced antifungal activity levels against both C. auris in in vitro biofilms and ex vivo skin colonization models. These initial results suggest that molecules like PQA-Az-13 warrant further study and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Zarnowski
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Markowski
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zagórska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Chad J. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Haniyeh Etezadi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jeniel E. Nett
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - David R. Andes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Sidoryk K, Parapini S, Basilico N, Zaremba-Czogalla M, Kubiszewski M, Cybulski M, Gubernator J, Zagórska A, Jaromin A. Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Caffeic Acid Derivatives as Potential Antimalarials. J Parasitol Res 2023; 2023:6675081. [PMID: 38046256 PMCID: PMC10691883 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6675081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New protocol for the preparation of the novel caffeic acid derivatives using the Wittig reaction has been applied to follow the principles of green chemistry. The compounds have been evaluated against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains. Their cytotoxicity to normal human dermal fibroblasts and their propensity to induce hemolysis have been also determined. Ethyl (2E)-3-(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropenoate has exhibited the highest antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum strains without the cytotoxic and hemolytic effects. This derivative is significantly more potent than caffeic acid parent structure. The application of our one-step procedure has been shown to be rapid and efficient. It allows for an easy increase of input data to refine the structure-activity relationship model of caffeates as the antimalarials. The one-step approach meets the conditions of "atom economy" and eliminates hazardous materials. Water has been used as the effective medium for the Wittig reaction to avoid toxic organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sidoryk
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marek Kubiszewski
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Cybulski
- Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zagórska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Michalak O, Krzeczyński P, Jaromin A, Cmoch P, Cybulski M, Trzcińska K, Miszta P, Mehta P, Gubernator J, Filipek S. Antioxidant activity of novel diosgenin derivatives: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico ADME prediction. Steroids 2022; 188:109115. [PMID: 36154831 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel diosgenin (DSG) derivatives has been synthesized and tested in vitro for their antioxidant activity. Initially, four analogues have been evaluated for their cytotoxicity using normal human skin fibroblast (NHDF) as model cells. As a result, 84% of NHDF cells were still alive at 5 µM, so these compounds can be considered as innoxious to fibroblasts at this concentration. Then, hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes was studied in order to evaluate the potential impact of tested compounds against normal host cells. The result < 5% of hemolysis rates suggest no lytic activity for most compounds. After that, the main test - evaluation the antioxidant effect of DSG and its new derivatives against lipid peroxidation in the o/w emulsion model - was performed. The most promising compound (8) exhibited the significant antioxidant activity and the biocompatibility towards normal human dermal fibroblasts and red bloods cells. This p-aminobenzoic derivative revealed 61.6% blocking of induced lipid oxidation. Furthermore, eleven predicted ADME properties were predicted for all tested compounds and revealed that they are in compliance with drug-likeness criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Michalak
- Department of Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Team of Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Krzeczyński
- Department of Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Team of Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 14a Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Cybulski
- Department of Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Team of Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kinga Trzcińska
- Analytical Department, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Miszta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pakhuri Mehta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 14a Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Filipek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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The Antidepressant-like Activity, Effects on Recognition Memory Deficits, Bioavailability, and Safety after Chronic Administration of New Dual-Acting Small Compounds Targeting Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911452. [PMID: 36232749 PMCID: PMC9569954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to extend the body of preclinical research on prototype dual-acting compounds combining the pharmacophores relevant for inhibiting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 10 (PDE10A) and serotonin 5-HT1A/5-HT7 receptor (5-HT1AR/5-HT7R) activity into a single chemical entity (compounds PQA-AZ4 and PQA-AZ6). After i.v. administration of PQA-AZ4 and PQA-AZ6 to rats, the brain to plasma ratio was 0.9 and 8.60, respectively. After i.g. administration, the brain to plasma ratio was 5.7 and 5.3, respectively. An antidepressant-like effect was observed for PQA-AZ6 in the forced swim test, after chronic 21-day treatment via i.p. administration with 1 mg/kg/day. Both compounds revealed an increased level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, PQA-AZ4 and PQA-AZ6 completely reversed (+)-MK801-induced memory disturbances comparable with the potent PDE10 inhibitor, compound PQ-10. In the safety profile that included measurements of plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentration, liver enzyme activity, the total antioxidant activity of serum, together with weight gain, compounds exhibited no significant activity. However, the studied compounds had different effects on human normal fibroblast cells as revealed in in vitro assay. The pharmacokinetic and biochemical results support the notion that these novel dual-acting compounds might offer a promising therapeutic tool in CNS-related disorders.
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How to Treat Melanoma? The Current Status of Innovative Nanotechnological Strategies and the Role of Minimally Invasive Approaches like PTT and PDT. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091817. [PMID: 36145569 PMCID: PMC9504126 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, the incidence and mortality of which are increasing worldwide. Its extensive degree of heterogeneity has limited its response to existing therapies. For many years the therapeutic strategies were limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Fortunately, advances in knowledge have allowed the development of new therapeutic strategies. Despite the undoubted progress, alternative therapies are still under research. In this context, nanotechnology is also positioned as a strong and promising tool to develop nanosystems that act as drug carriers and/or light absorbents to potentially improve photothermal and photodynamic therapies outcomes. This review describes the latest advances in nanotechnology field in the treatment of melanoma from 2011 to 2022. The challenges in the translation of nanotechnology-based therapies to clinical applications are also discussed. To sum up, great progress has been made in the field of nanotechnology-based therapies, and our understanding in this field has greatly improved. Although few therapies based on nanoparticulate systems have advanced to clinical trials, it is expected that a large number will come into clinical use in the near future. With its high sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexed measurement capacity, it provides great opportunities to improve melanoma treatment, which will ultimately lead to enhanced patient survival rates.
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Wang Z, Li J, Lin G, He Z, Wang Y. Metal complex-based liposomes: Applications and prospects in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. J Control Release 2022; 348:1066-1088. [PMID: 35718211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes are of increasing interest as pharmaceutical agents in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, while some of them suffer from issues such as limited water solubility and severe systemic toxicity. These drawbacks severely hampered their efficacy and clinical applications. Liposomes hold promise as delivery vehicles for constructing metal complex-based liposomes to maximize the therapeutic efficacy and minimize the side effects of metal complexes. This review provides an overview on the latest advances of metal complex-based liposomal delivery systems. First, the development of metal complex-mediated liposomal encapsulation is briefly introduced. Next, applications of metal complex-based liposomes in a variety of fields are overviewed, where drug delivery, cancer imaging (single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), and cancer therapy (chemotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy) were involved. Moreover, the potential toxicity, action of toxic mechanisms, immunological effects of metal complexes as well as the advantages of metal complex-liposomes in this content are also discussed. In the end, the future expectations and challenges of metal complex-based liposomes in clinical cancer therapy are tentatively proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomeng Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, PR China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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Sumithaa C, Manjunathan T, Mazuryk O, Peters S, Pillai RS, Brindell M, Gopinath P, Ganeshpandian M. Nanoencapsulation of Ru( p-cymene) Complex Bearing Ginger-based Natural Product into Liposomal Nanoformulation to Improve Its Cellular Uptake and Antiproliferative Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3241-3256. [PMID: 35786838 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The organometallic compounds are prospective candidates in the row of developing metallochemotherapeutics with the aim of overcoming the limitations of platinum drugs. In order to explore the anticancer properties of organometallic compounds with the natural medicines, two Ru(II)-p-cymene complexes containing the natural products, viz., 6-gingerol (6G) and benzylated-6-gingerdione (B-6GD) have been synthesized and characterized well. The phenolic group of the Ru(6G) complex facilitates its higher cell-free antioxidant activity than its analogue complex. Also, the same complex shows higher cytotoxicity toward A549 lung and HeLa-S3 cervical cancer cells than the Ru(B-6GD) complex but lower cytotoxicity toward A2058 metastatic melanoma cancer cells. Both complexes are shown to easily accumulate in melanoma cancer cells, and their degree of cytotoxicity in the same cells is found to be positively correlated with cell uptake. The cytotoxicity of complexes arises from their intracellular activity, mainly due to the induction of singlet oxygen production in cancer cells. The subcellular fractionation study shows that mitochondria and ER-Golgi membranes might be their predominant targets. Also, the mechanistic investigation revealed that Ru(B-6GD) induces caspase-dependent non-apoptotic cell death whereas Ru(6G) can induce caspase-independent non-apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, both complexes are found to moderately alter the adhesion properties of cancer cells, which is beneficial for antimetastatic treatment. Despite the potential pharmacological activity, Ru(6G) is encapsulated into polymer-supported liposomes to reduce its toxicity and further improve its anticancer potency. The π-conjugated yne-ene chain of polydiacetylene aids in the development of a stable nanoformulation, which achieved a slow release of the complex. Most importantly, the cancer cell uptake of the liposome-encapsulated Ru(6G) complex is 20 times enhanced and the total ROS formation in cancer cells is significantly increased compared to the non-encapsulated complex. However, the nanoformulation does not alter the antimetastatic potency of the encapsulated complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chezhiyan Sumithaa
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilvelan Manjunathan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Olga Mazuryk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Silda Peters
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Renjith S Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Malgorzata Brindell
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Ganeshpandian
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Fandzloch M, Jędrzejewski T, Wiśniewska J, Sitkowski J, Dobrzańska L, Brożyna AA, Wrotek S. Sawhorse-type ruthenium complexes with triazolopyrimidine ligands - what do they represent in terms of cytotoxic and CORM compounds? Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8804-8820. [PMID: 35616922 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three sawhorse-type ruthenium(I) complexes containing purine analogs such as triazolopyrimidines of the general formula [Ru2(CO)4(μ-OOCCH3)2(L)2], where L is 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tp for 1), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp for 2) and 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dptp for 3), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared analysis, multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C, 15N), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for 1 and 2). By assay with myoglobin, the photo-activated CO-releasing molecule (PhotoCORM) character of (1-3) has been confirmed, thus indicating the possibility of use in CO-based therapies. The importance of UV-induced modification has been investigated in the context of anticancer properties. Complexes (1) and (2) have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (breast cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer) and C32 (melanoma), as well as L929 normal fibroblasts in the dark and presence of UV-A light (365 nm). The results were compared with those for cisplatin and two reference ruthenium complexes, namely NAMI-A and KP1019. The most hydrophilic [Ru2(CO)4(μ-OOCCH3)2(tp)2] (1) (log P = -1.12) was found to be more cytotoxic than (2), despite the lower cellular uptake measured by ICP-MS toward HeLa cells. Importantly, photo-induced stimulation of cells with (1) resulted in a lower decrease in the viability of L929 normal cells (IC50 = 154.7 ± 6.5 μM) in comparison with HeLa cancer cells (IC50 = 66.7 ± 3.4 μM). The photo-induced stimulation of (1) and (2) increases ROS generation, and their anticancer activity may be a partially ROS-dependent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- National Institutes of Medicines, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Liliana Dobrzańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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13
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Abdolmaleki S, Aslani A, Aliabadi A, Khazayel S, Amininasab SM, Izadi Z, Ghadermazi M, Motieiyan E, Marabello D, Rodrigues VHN. Study on a Ru(III) complex containing picolinate with potent inhibition effect against melanoma cell line. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2039916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdolmaleki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azade Aslani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Aliabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Khazayel
- Department of Research and Technology of Kermanshah, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - S. Mojtaba Amininasab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghadermazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Elham Motieiyan
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Domenica Marabello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Crystallography, University of Torino, Italy
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14
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Negreti AA, Ferreira-Silva GÁ, Pressete CG, Fonseca R, Candido CC, Graminha AE, Doriguetto AC, Caixeta ES, Hanemann JAC, Castro-Gamero AM, Barbosa MIF, Miyazawa M, Ionta M. Ruthenium( ii) complex containing cinnamic acid derivative inhibits cell cycle progression at G0/G1 and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer with a limited targeted therapy arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Alvim Negreti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Girotto Pressete
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Caio C. Candido
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Angelica E. Graminha
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, zip code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ester Siqueira Caixeta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - João Adolfo Costa Hanemann
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Angel Mauricio Castro-Gamero
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Natural Science, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marilia I. F. Barbosa
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta Miyazawa
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, zip-code 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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15
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Maciel D, Nunes N, Santos F, Fan Y, Li G, Shen M, Tomás H, Shi X, Rodrigues J. New insights into ruthenium( ii) metallodendrimers as anticancer drug nanocarriers: from synthesis to preclinic behaviour. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8945-8959. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01280d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical results highlight the potential of the low-generation poly(alkylidenamine)-based dendrimers as ruthenium metallodrug nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Maciel
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Nádia Nunes
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Francisco Santos
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaoming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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16
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17
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Optimizing the Process Design of Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion for Delivering Poorly Soluble Cannabidiol Oil. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Process approaches and intensification technological processes are integrated parts of available devices, which have a positive effect on the parameters of the obtained products. Nanoemulsions as delivery carriers are becoming more popular and there is a real need to increase the possibilities of formulation designing and engineering. Therefore, preparations of oil-in-water nanoemulsion with encapsulated cannabidiol (CBD) as oil phase were carried out in two ways: sonication method and two-stage high-pressure homogenization. The provided analysis showed spherical morphology and much larger sizes and polydispersity of nanoemulsions obtained by the sonication approach. The size of nanodroplets was from 216 nm up to 1418 nm for sonication, whereas for homogenization 128–880 nm. Additionally, it was observed that a proportionally higher percentage of surfactin resulted in a higher value of the Zeta potential. The formulations were found to be stable for at least 30 days. The in vitro experiments performed on human skin cell lines (HaCaT keratinocytes and normal dermal NHDF fibroblasts), and in vivo topical tests on probants established the biocompatibility of nanoemulsions with CBD. The last stage exhibits reduced discoloration and a higher degree of hydration by the selected systems with CBD and, thus indicating this nanoformulation as useful in cosmetics applications.
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18
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Fandzloch M, Jędrzejewski T, Dobrzańska L, Esteban-Parra GM, Wiśniewska J, Paneth A, Paneth P, Sitkowski J. New organometallic ruthenium(ii) complexes with purine analogs - a wide perspective on their biological application. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5557-5573. [PMID: 33908935 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03974h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three half-sandwich organometallic ruthenium(ii) complexes containing purine analogs such as triazolopyrimidines of general formula [(η6-p-cym)Ru(L)Cl2], where p-cym represents p-cymene and L is 5,6,7-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tmtp for 1), 5,7-diethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (detp for 2) and 5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one (HmtpO for 3), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C, 15N), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (for 1 and 2). All these complexes have been thoroughly screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines as well as L929 murine fibroblast cells, indicating [(η6-p-cym)Ru(HmtpO)Cl2] (3) as the most active representative against the HeLa cell line and simultaneously being 64-fold less toxic to normal L929 murine fibroblast cells than cisplatin. At the same time, 3 has shown antimetastatic activity comparable to NAMI-A against HeLa cells both after 24 and 48 h of treatment in a wound healing assay. In order to better understand the mechanism of anticancer action and differences in the cytotoxic activity of 1-3, the studies were expanded to determining their lipophilicity, the kinetic stability at pH 6.5-8, the effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HeLa cells and interactions with significant biomolecules (DNA and albumin) by using molecular docking and circular dichroism (CD) experiments. Furthermore, antiparasitic studies against L. braziliensis, L. infantum and T. cruzi reveal that the newly synthesized complexes 1-3 are very promising candidates which can compete with commercial antiparasitic drugs. Complex 3 in particular, on top of exhibiting a high antiparasitic effect (IC50 < 1 μM against two strains), reaches a selectivity index >1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
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19
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Lakshmi BA, Reddy AS, Sangubotla R, Hong JW, Kim S. Ruthenium(II)-curcumin liposome nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and their effects against cervical cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111773. [PMID: 33933878 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes have increased the scope for improvement in current cancer treatment by replacing platinum-based drugs. However, to reduce metal-associated toxicity, a biocompatible flavonoid, such as curcumin, is indispensable, as it offers uncompensated therapeutic benefits through formation of complexes. In this study, we synthesized metal-based flavonoid complexes using ruthenium(II) and curcumin by adopting a convenient reflux reaction, represented as Ru-Cur complexes. These complexes were thoroughly characterized using 1H, 13C NMR, XPS, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. As curcumin is sparingly soluble in water and has poor chemical stability, we loaded Ru-Cur complexes into liposomes and further formed nanoparticles (NPs) using the thin layer evaporation method. These were named Ru-Cur loaded liposome nanoparticles (RCLNPs). The effects of RCLNPs on cell proliferation was investigated using human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa). These RCLNPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. The anticancer properties of RCLNPs were studied using reactive oxygen species (ROS), LDH, and MTT assays as well as live-dead staining. Nuclear damage studies of RCLNPs were performed in HeLa cells using the Hoechst staining assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankireddy Seshadri Reddy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Roopkumar Sangubotla
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Hong
- Center for Exosome & Bioparticulate Research, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Bio-nanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Fandzloch M, Augustyniak AW, Dobrzańska L, Jędrzejewski T, Sitkowski J, Wypij M, Golińska P. First dinuclear rhodium(II) complexes with triazolopyrimidines and the prospect of their potential biological use. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111072. [PMID: 32563102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Five novel rhodium(II) complexes of general formula [Rh2(μ-OOCCH3)4L2], where L is a triazolopyrimidine derivative, in particular dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) for (1), 5,7-diethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (detp) for (2), 7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp) for (3), 7-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (HmtpO) for (4) and 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp) for (5) are reported. These first representatives of paddle-wheel dirhodium complexes with triazolopyrimidines have been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Three of the new complexes (1), (2) and (5) were thoroughly screened in vitro for their cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and L929 murine fibroblast cells. Favorably, they show significantly less effective inhibition on the cell growth of L929 than cisplatin under identical conditions. Complexes (1) and (5) display moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 16.3-21.5 μM) against MCF-7 cells which is induced via reactive oxygen species-independent pathways. Extensive studies of rhodium complexes (1), (2) and (5) against microorganisms have shown that the tested compounds exhibit antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) while (5) significantly inhibited the growth of Malassezia furfur. The highest antibacterial, and antifungal activity, was observed for (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Adam W Augustyniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Liliana Dobrzańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- National Institutes of Medicines, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wypij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Patrycja Golińska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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21
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Gopalakrishnan D, Sumithaa C, Kumar AM, Bhuvanesh NSP, Ghorai S, Das P, Ganeshpandian M. Encapsulation of a Ru(η6-p-cymene) complex of the antibacterial drug trimethoprim into a polydiacetylene-phospholipid assembly to enhance its in vitro anticancer and antibacterial activities. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first report of a Ru(arene)–liposome nanoaggregate to enhance the in vitro anticancer activity of a Ru–arene complex in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arumugam Madan Kumar
- Cancer Biology Lab
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai
- India
| | | | - Suvankar Ghorai
- Department of Biotechnology
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Kattankulathur 603 203
- India
| | - Priyadip Das
- Department of Chemistry
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- India
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