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Nizioł E, Marszałek-Harych A, Zierkiewicz W, John Ł, Ejfler J. Structural subtleties and catalytic activity of sodium aminophenolate complexes in polylactide degradation: towards sustainable waste management solutions. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38814146 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the intricate coordination chemistry of sodium aminophenolate species and their significant role in the depolymerization of polylactide (PLA), offering novel insights into catalytic degradation processes. By examining sodium coordination entities, including dimers and larger aggregates such as tetramers, we reveal how structural modifications, particularly the manipulation of steric hindrances, influence the formation and stability of these complexes. The dimers, characterized by a unique four-center core (Na-O-Na-O), serve as a foundational motif, which is further elaborated to obtain complexes with varied coordination environments through strategic ligand design. Our research delves into the lability of the amino arm in these complexes, a critical factor that facilitates the coordination of PLA to the sodium center, thereby initiating the depolymerization process. Moreover, DFT studies have been pivotal in identifying the most energetically favorable structures for catalysis, highlighting a distinct preference for an eight-membered ring motif stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. This motif not only enhances the catalyst's efficiency but also introduces a novel structural paradigm for sodium-based catalysis in PLA degradation. Experimental validation of the theoretical models was achieved through NMR spectroscopy, which confirmed the formation of the active catalyst forms and monitored the progress of PLA degradation. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of the influence of ligand structure on the catalytic activity, underscoring the importance of the eight-membered ring motif. Furthermore, we demonstrate how varying the steric bulk of substituents on the amino arm affects the catalyst's performance, with benzyl-substituted ligands exhibiting superior activity. Our findings offer a profound understanding of the structural factors governing the catalytic efficiency of sodium aminophenolate complexes in PLA degradation. This research not only advances the field of coordination chemistry but also presents a promising avenue for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly catalysts for polymer degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Nizioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz John
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Ejfler
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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2
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Mankaev BN, Karlov SS. Metal Complexes in the Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymers: Achievements and Prospects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6682. [PMID: 37895663 PMCID: PMC10608263 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the synthesis of homopolymers of lactide and related cyclic esters via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) in the presence of metal complexes based on group 1, 2, 4, 12, 13 and 14 metals. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the initiator structure on the properties of the obtaining homo- and copolymers. Also, a separate chapter is devoted to the study of metal complexes in the synthesis of copolymers of lactide and lactones. This review highlights the efforts made over the last ten years or so, and shows how main-group metals have received increasing attention in the field of the polymerization of lactide and related cyclic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badma N. Mankaev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Karlov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Glöckler E, Kapp L, Wölper C, Schumacher M, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Homoleptic and heteroleptic ketodiiminate zinc complexes for the ROP of cyclic l-lactide. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29879-29885. [PMID: 37842672 PMCID: PMC10568404 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Homo- and heteroleptic ketodiiminate zinc complexes L12Zn2 (1, L1 = [Me2NC2H4NC(Me)CH]2CO), L2(ZnCp)2 (2, L2 = [Me2NC3H6NC(Me)CH]2CO, Cp = C5H5) and L2HZnCp* (3, Cp* = C5Me5) were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD, 2, 3). The catalytical activity of heteroleptic complexes 2 and 3 were tested in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide. Homobimetallic complex 2 showed the highest activity and selectivity for the synthesis of cyclic polylactide (cPLLA; TOF = 17 460 h-1) at 100 °C in toluene solution, while linear polymers are formed with mononuclear complex 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Glöckler
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Leon Kapp
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Marcel Schumacher
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Busso-Peus-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - André H Gröschel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Busso-Peus-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Carl-Benz-Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
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Sachdeva G, Bamal Y, Ladan A, Tiwari OS, Rawat V, Yadav P, Verma VP. Calixarene-Metal Complexes in Lactide Polymerization: The Story so Far. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13479-13491. [PMID: 37091416 PMCID: PMC10116533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide synthetic procedures have lately gained attention, possibly due to their biocompatibility and the environmental problems associated with fossil-fuel-based polymers. Polylactides can be obtained from natural sources such as cassava, corn, and sugar beet, and polylactides can be manufactured in a laboratory using a variety of processes that begin with lactic acid or lactide. One of the most effective synthetic pathways is through a Lewis acid catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of lactides to obtain a well-defined polymer. In this regard, calixarenes, because of their easy functionalization and tunable properties, have been widely considered to be a suitable 3D molecular scaffold for new metal complexes that can be used for lactide polymerization. This review summarizes the progress made in applying some metal-calixarene complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sachdeva
- Amity
School of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Haryana, Gurugram 122412, India
| | - Yogita Bamal
- Amity
School of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Haryana, Gurugram 122412, India
| | - Ankit Ladan
- Amity
School of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Haryana, Gurugram 122412, India
| | - Om Shanker Tiwari
- The
Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Varun Rawat
- Amity
School of Applied Sciences, Amity University
Haryana, Gurugram 122412, India
- Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Email for V.R.:
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department
of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali Newai 304022, India
- Email for V.P.V.:
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5
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Ruiz Martínez C, Pérez JM, Arrabal-Campos FM, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Martínez-Lao JA, Ortuño MA, Fernández I. Lithium anthraquinoids as catalysts in the ROP of lactide and caprolactone into cyclic polymers. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
New lithium anthraquinoids 2b–d active in the synthesis of cyclic PLA and cyclic PCL have been synthesized and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Juana M. Pérez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Arrabal-Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Duane Choquesillo-Lazarte
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos IACT, CSIC-UGR, Av. Las Palmeras no. 4, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A. Martínez-Lao
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Ortuño
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra, Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Mankaev BN, Hasanova LF, Churakov AV, Egorov MP, Karlov SS. Gallium (III) Complexes Based on Aminobisphenolate Ligands: Extremely High Active ROP-Initiators from Well-Known and Easily Accessible Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415649. [PMID: 36555296 PMCID: PMC9779430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and full characterizations of the first examples of gallium complexes based on "privileged" aminobisphenolate ligands which are easily available. These complexes turned out to be extremely active in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone even at room temperature and highly active in the ROP of L-lactide. The combination of factors such as the easy availability of these compounds and the supposedly low toxicity, together with the extremely high activity in ROP, allows us to consider these compounds as suitable for use on an industrial scale for the synthesis of biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badma N. Mankaev
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leyla F. Hasanova
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Egorov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Karlov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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7
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Sodium β-Diketonate Glyme Adducts as Precursors for Fluoride Phases: Synthesis, Characterization and Functional Validation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196282. [PMID: 36234815 PMCID: PMC9571527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Very few sodium complexes are available as precursors for the syntheses of sodium-based nanostructured materials. Herein, the diglyme, triglyme, and tetraglyme (CH3O(CH2CH2O)nCH3, n = 2–4) adducts of sodium hexafluoroacetylacetonate were synthesized in a single-step reaction and characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H, and 13C NMR. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies provide evidence of the formation of the ionic oligomeric structure [Na4(hfa)6]2−•2[Na(diglyme2]+ when the diglyme is coordinated, while a mononuclear seven-coordinated complex Na(hfa)•tetraglyme is formed with the tetraglyme. Reaction with the monoglyme (CH3OCH2CH2OCH3) does not occur, and the unadducted polymeric structure [Na(hfa)]n forms, while the triglyme gives rise to a liquid adduct, Na(hfa)•triglyme•H2O. Thermal analysis data reveal great potentialities for their applications as precursors in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and sol-gel processes. As a proof-of-concept, the Na(hfa)•tetraglyme adduct was successfully applied to both the low-pressure MOCVD and the sol-gel/spin-coating synthesis of NaF films.
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8
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Glöckler E, Ghosh S, Schulz S. β-Diketiminate and β-Ketoiminate Metal Catalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Glöckler
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Swarup Ghosh
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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9
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Glöckler E, Ghosh S, Wölper C, Coban D, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Binuclear ketodiiminate magnesium complexes for the ROP of cyclic -Lactide and ε-Caprolactone. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Lukoyanov AN, Zvereva YV, Parshina DA, Cherkasov AV, Ketkov SY. Calcium Complexes Bearing Dianionic or Monoanionic Iminoacenaphthen‐1‐one Ligands: Synthesis, Reactions with Alkynes and Catalysis of L‐lactide Polymerization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Nicolaevich Lukoyanov
- Institut metalloorganiceskoj himii imeni G A Razuvaeva Rossijskoj akademii nauk Russian Academy of Sceinces Tropinina, 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Yulia V. Zvereva
- Institut metalloorganičeskoj himii imeni G A Razuvaeva Rossijskoj akademii nauk: FGBUN Institut metalloorganiceskoj himii im G A Razuvaeva Rossijskoj akademii nauk Russian Academy of Sceinces Тропинина 49 603950 Нижний Новгород RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Diana A. Parshina
- Lobachevsky State University of Gorky: Nacional'nyj issledovatel'skij Nizegorodskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni N I Lobacevskogo Ministry of Educatuin and Higher Education of the Russian Federation Gagarina, 23 603022 Нижний Новгород RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- Institut metalloorganičeskoj himii imeni G A Razuvaeva Rossijskoj akademii nauk: FGBUN Institut metalloorganiceskoj himii im G A Razuvaeva Rossijskoj akademii nauk Russian Academy of Sceinces Тропинина 49 603950 Нижний Новгород RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sergey Yu. Ketkov
- Institut metalloorganičeskoj himii imeni G A Razuvaeva Rossijskoj akademii nauk: FGBUN Institut metalloorganiceskoj himii im G A Razuvaeva Rossijskoj akademii nauk Russian Academy of Sceinces Тропинина 49 603950 Нижний Новгород RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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11
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Zhao M, Xue T, He RR, Ma J, Zheng W. Ion-bearing stairs: alkali metal complexes of 1,2-diaza-4-phospholides. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1634-1645. [PMID: 35007313 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03601g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, eight alkali metal complexes with 1,2-diaza-4-phospholide ligands were prepared and characterized by X-ray single-crystal structural analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Their structures showed varied coordination motifs: (i) a dimeric 1,2-diaza-4-phospholide lithium complex with exo-bidentate bridging coordination (4) consists of two lithium atoms that are linked via two μ2-bridging, κN,κN'-coordinated ligands; (ii) the polymeric chain 1,2-diaza-4-phospholide potassium complex (5) showed an ion-bearing stair-shaped chain structure running through axis a, where the steps are η2 interactions, and there is a transition platform between every two stairs; (iii) the polymeric chain 1,2-diaza-4-phospholide potassium complex (6) also presented a polymeric chain structure in the solid state but displayed a head-to-tail arrangement of two 1,2-diaza-4-phospholides; (iv) in comparison to 6, the 1,2-diaza-4-phospholide sodium complex (7) displayed a tetrameric structure, in which the sodium ions are arranged in a distorted tetrahedral fashion and each of them occupies a vertex of the tetrahedron; (v) the polymeric chain 1,2-diaza-4-phospholide potassium complex (8) presented a solvent-free chain structure, in which potassium ions each is η5-bonded by two 1,2-diaza-4-phospholides and η2-coordinated by another, consisting of a stair-shaped chain structure running through axis a but without significant intermolecular contacts between the adjacent stairs in comparison to that of 5; (vi) the polymeric chain 1,2-diaza-4-phospholide sodium complex (9) presented a solvent-free chain structure, in which sodium ions each is η1(N),η2(N,N),η1(P)-bonded by three 1,2-diaza-4-phospholides, consisting of a chain structure running through axis a; and (vii) the treatment complex 8 with elemental sulphur or selenium in the presence of crown ether gave rare thiophosphonato potassium [η3(S,P,S)-3,5-tBu2dp-(μ-K)(S2)([18]crown-6)] (10) or a selenophosphonato potassium [η3(Se,P,Se)-3,5-tBu2dp-(μ-K)(Se2)([18]crown-6)] (11). Both of the complexes crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pnma as pale-yellow (or red) crystals. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed 10 or 11 as a terminal complex with the η1,η1-X,X-coordination mode (X = S and Se). The 1H DOSY NMR spectroscopy study of the species 8 in DMSO-d6 suggested that polymeric complexes (4-9) in the solid state should dissociate into the related monomers in the solutions when the donor solvents were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030035, China.
| | - Tingting Xue
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030035, China.
| | - Ru-Ru He
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030035, China.
| | - Jianping Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030035, China. .,Wenbo Chemical Co., Ltd, Guonian Road 65, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Hu M, Song X, Wang F, Zhang W, Ma W, Han F. Ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide catalyzed by magnesium and zinc complexes supported by an NNO ligand. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of magnesium and zinc complexes containing unsymmetric tertiary amine ligands and their catalytic properties for polymerization of rac-lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Synthesis for Fine Chemicals, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xinfeng Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Fugui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Fuzhong Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
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13
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Xing T, Jiang C, Elsegood MRJ, Redshaw C. Lithiated Calix[ n]arenes ( n = 6 or 8): Synthesis, Structures, and Use in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15543-15556. [PMID: 34596403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of lithiated calix[n]arenes, for which n = 6 or 8, have been isolated, structurally characterized, and evaluated as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the cyclic esters ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), δ-valerolactone (δ-VL), and rac-lactide (r-LA). In particular, interaction of p-tert-butylcalix[6]areneH6 (L6H6) with LiOtBu in THF led to the isolation of [Li14(L6H)2(CO3)2(THF)6(OH2)6]·14THF (1·14THF), the core of which has a chain of five Li2O2 diamonds. Similar use of p-tert-butylcalix[8]areneH8 (L8H8) afforded [Li10(L8)(OH)2(THF)8]·7THF (2·7THF), where the core is composed of a six-rung Li-O ladder. Use of debutylated calix[8]areneH8 (deBuL8H8) led to an elongated dimer [Li18(deBuL8)2(OtBu)2(THF)14]·4THF (3·4THF) in which the calix[8]arenes possess a wavelike conformation forming bridges to link three separate LixOy clusters (where x and y = 6, ignoring the THF donor oxygens). Interaction of L8H8 with LiOH·H2O afforded [Li4(L8H4)(OH2)4(THF)6]·5.5THF (4·5.5THF), where intramolecular H-bond interactions involving Li, O, and H construct a cage in the core of the structure with six- and eight-membered rings. Lastly, addition of Me3Al to the solution generated from L8H8 and LiOtBu led to the isolation of [(AlMe2)2Li20(L8H2)2(OH2)4(O2-)4(OH)2(NCMe)12]·10MeCN (5·10MeCN) in which Li, O, Al, and N centers build a polyhedral core. These complexes have been screened for their potential to act as precatalysts in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-CL, δ-VL, and r-LA. For the ROP of ε-CL, δ-VL, and r-LA, systems 1-4 exhibited moderate activity at 130 °C over 8 h. In the case of ROP using the mixed-metal (Li/Al) system 5, better conversions and high molecular weight polymers were achieved. In the case of the ROP of ω-pentadecalactone (ω-PDL), the systems proved to be inactive under the conditions employed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xing
- Plastics Collaboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Chengying Jiang
- Chemistry Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Mark R J Elsegood
- Chemistry Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Plastics Collaboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
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14
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Efficient Bulky Organo-Zinc Scorpionates for the Stereoselective Production of Poly( rac-lactide)s. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142356. [PMID: 34301114 PMCID: PMC8309543 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct reaction of the highly sterically demanding acetamidinate-based NNN'-scorpionate protioligand Hphbptamd [Hphbptamd = N,N'-di-p-tolylbis(3,5-di-tertbutylpyrazole-1-yl)acetamidine] with one equiv. of ZnMe2 proceeds in high yield to the mononuclear alkyl zinc complex [ZnMe(κ3-phbptamd)] (1). Alternatively, the treatment of the corresponding lithium precursor [Li(phbptamd)(THF)] with ZnCl2 yielded the halide complex [ZnCl(κ3-phbptamd)] (2). The X-ray crystal structure of 1 confirmed unambiguously a mononuclear entity in these complexes, with the zinc centre arranged with a pseudotetrahedral environment and the scorpionate ligand in a κ3-coordination mode. Interestingly, the inexpensive, low-toxic and easily prepared complexes 1 and 2 resulted in highly efficient catalysts for the ring-opening polymerisation of lactides, a sustainable bio-resourced process industrially demanded. Thus, complex 1 behaved as a single-component robust initiator for the living and immortal ROP of rac-lactide under very mild conditions after a few hours, reaching a TOF value up to 5520 h-1 under bulk conditions. Preliminary kinetic studies revealed apparent zero-order dependence on monomer concentration in the absence of a cocatalyst. The PLA materials produced exhibited narrow dispersity values, good agreement between the experimental Mn values and monomer/benzyl alcohol ratios, as well as enhanced levels of heteroselectivity, reaching Ps values up to 0.74.
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Martínez CR, Pérez JM, Arrabal-Campos FM, Batuecas M, Ortuño MA, Fernández I. Cyclic polylactide synthesis initiated by a lithium anthraquinoid: understanding the selectivity through DFT and diffusion NMR. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00547b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present herein the application of a lithium anthraquinoid in the catalytic synthesis of cyclic PLA, showing that the aggregation plays a critical role in cyclic vs. linear selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Research Centre CIAIMBITAL
- University of Almería
- 04120
- Spain
| | - Juana M. Pérez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Research Centre CIAIMBITAL
- University of Almería
- 04120
- Spain
| | | | - María Batuecas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Research Centre CIAIMBITAL
- University of Almería
- 04120
- Spain
| | - Manuel A. Ortuño
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Research Centre CIAIMBITAL
- University of Almería
- 04120
- Spain
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Potassium N-arylbenzimidates as readily accessible and benign (pre)catalysts for the ring opening polymerization of ε-CL and L-LA. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ghosh S, Glöckler E, Wölper C, Tjaberings A, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Heteroleptic β-Ketoiminate Magnesium Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstraße 7, S07 S03 C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Eduard Glöckler
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstraße 7, S07 S03 C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstraße 7, S07 S03 C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Tjaberings
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universitätsstraße 7, S07 S03 C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
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