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Sun H, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang F, Huang X, Sun C, Huang F. Mechanistic insights of electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction by Mn complexes: synergistic effects of the ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1663-1672. [PMID: 38168800 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic mechanisms of CO2 reduction catalyzed by pyridine-oxazoline (pyrox)-based Mn catalysts were investigated by DFT calculations. In-depth comparative analyses of pyrox-based and bipyridine-based Mn complexes were carried out. C-OH cleavage is the rate-determining step for both the protonation-first path and the reduction-first path. The free energy of CO2 activation (ΔG1) and the electrons donated by CO ligands in this step are effective descriptors in regulating the C-OH cleavage barrier. The reduction of carboxylate complex 6 (E6) is the potential-determining step for the reduction-first path. Meanwhile, for the protonation-first path, the initial generation (E2) or the regeneration (E8) of active catalyst might be potential-determining. Hirshfeld charge and orbital contribution analysis indicate that E6 is definitely based on the heterocyclic ligand and E2 is related to both the heterocyclic ligand and three CO ligands. Therefore, replacement of the CO ligand by a stronger electron donating ligand can effectively boost the catalytic activity of CO2 reduction without increasing the overpotential in the reduction-first path. This hypothesis is supported by the mechanism calculations of the Mn complex in which the axial CO ligand is replaced by a pyridine or PMe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuxiu Huang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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Sun Y, Liu X, Zhu M, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Wang S, Ji Z, Yang H, Wang X. Non-noble metal single atom-based catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2: Synthesis approaches and performance evaluation. DECARBON 2023:100018. [DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
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Florian J, Cole JM. Analyzing Structure-Activity Variations for Mn-Carbonyl Complexes in the Reduction of CO 2 to CO. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:318-335. [PMID: 36541860 PMCID: PMC9832541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 often suffer from low stability, activity, and selectivity, or a combination thereof. Mn-carbonyl complexes represent a promising class of molecular electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO as they are able to promote this reaction at relatively mild overpotentials, whereby rare-earth metals are not required. The electronic and geometric structure of the reaction center of these molecular electrocatalysts is precisely known and can be tuned via ligand modifications. However, ligand characteristics that are required to achieve high catalytic turnover at minimal overpotential remain unclear. We consider 55 Mn-carbonyl complexes, which have previously been synthesized and characterized experimentally. Four intermediates were identified that are common across all catalytic mechanisms proposed for Mn-carbonyl complexes, and their structures were used to calculate descriptors for each of the 55 Mn-carbonyl complexes. These electronic-structure-based descriptors encompass the binding energies, the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and partial charges. Trends in turnover frequency and overpotential with these descriptors were analyzed to afford meaningful physical insights into what ligand characteristics lead to good catalytic performance, and how this is affected by the reaction conditions. These insights can be expected to significantly contribute to the rational design of more active Mn-carbonyl electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Florian
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jacqueline M. Cole
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.,ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus for Science and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.,
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Pham HH, Donnadieu B, Hollis TK. Synthesis of a CCC‐NHC pincer Re complex. An air stable catalyst for coupling ketones with primary alcohols via borrowing hydrogen. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang H. Pham
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - T. Keith Hollis
- Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
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Friães S, Realista S, Mourão H, Royo B. N‐Heterocyclic and Mesoionic Carbenes of Manganese and Rhenium in Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beatriz Royo
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Av. da República 2780-157 Oeiras PORTUGAL
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Huang C, Liu J, Huang HH, Ke Z. Recent progress in electro- and photo-catalytic CO2 reduction using N-heterocyclic carbene transition metal complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO 2 : An Organometallic Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11628-11686. [PMID: 33464678 PMCID: PMC8248444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO2 utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO2 reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO2 molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C1 compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO2 promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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Queyriaux N, Esmieu C, Gupta AK, Vendier L, Ott S, Orio M, Hammarström L. Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and Computational Investigation of a Series of Polypyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes: Characterization of Reduced States. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Queyriaux
- Department of Chemistry Ångström Laboratories Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Charlène Esmieu
- Department of Chemistry Ångström Laboratories Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Arvind K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Ångström Laboratories Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Laure Vendier
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry Ångström Laboratories Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maylis Orio
- CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Aix Marseille University 13397 Marseille France
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry Ångström Laboratories Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
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Queyriaux N. Redox-Active Ligands in Electroassisted Catalytic H + and CO 2 Reductions: Benefits and Risks. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Queyriaux
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 31077 Toulouse, France
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Übergangsmetallkomplexe als Katalysatoren für die elektrische Umwandlung von CO
2
– eine metallorganische Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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Abstract
The decrease of total amount of atmospheric CO2 is an important societal challenge in which CO2 reduction has an important role to play. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with homogeneous catalysts is based on highly tunable catalyst design and exploits an abundant C1 source to make valuable products such as fuels and fuel precursors. These methods can also take advantage of renewable electricity as a green reductant. Mn-based catalysts offer these benefits while incorporating a relatively cheap and abundant first-row transition metal. Historically, interest in this field started with Mn(bpy-R)(CO)3X, whose performance matched that of its Re counterparts while achieving substantially lower overpotentials. This review examines an emerging class of homogeneous Mn-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction, Mn complexes with meridional tridentate coordination also known as Mn pincers, most of which contain redox-active ligands that enable multi-electron catalysis. Although there are relatively few examples in the literature thus far, these catalysts bring forth new catalytic mechanisms not observed for the well-established Mn(bpy-R)(CO)3X catalysts, and show promising reactivity for future studies.
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A Mn-N 3 single-atom catalyst embedded in graphitic carbon nitride for efficient CO 2 electroreduction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4341. [PMID: 32859931 PMCID: PMC7455739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing effective catalysts based on earth abundant elements is critical for CO2 electroreduction. However, simultaneously achieving a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) and high current density of CO (jCO) remains a challenge. Herein, we prepare a Mn single-atom catalyst (SAC) with a Mn-N3 site embedded in graphitic carbon nitride. The prepared catalyst exhibits a 98.8% CO FE with a jCO of 14.0 mA cm-2 at a low overpotential of 0.44 V in aqueous electrolyte, outperforming all reported Mn SACs. Moreover, a higher jCO of 29.7 mA cm-2 is obtained in an ionic liquid electrolyte at 0.62 V overpotential. In situ X-ray absorption spectra and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the remarkable performance of the catalyst is attributed to the Mn-N3 site, which facilitates the formation of the key intermediate COOH* through a lowered free energy barrier.
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