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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Cao B, Zeng M, Hao F, Hao Z, Liang X, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang R, Feng W, Zheng X. Cornus officinalis Sieb. Et Zucc. attenuates Aβ 25-35-induced mitochondrial damage and neuroinflammation in mice by modulating the ERK pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155709. [PMID: 38735197 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornus officinalis Sieb. Et Zucc. has the efficacy of tonifying the marrow and filling up the essence, breaking up the accumulation and opening up the orifices. Our research team found that CoS extracts were protective against Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment in mice. However, the pharmacodynamic components and mechanisms by which CoS improves AD have yet to be thoroughly explored and investigated. PURPOSE This study focused on exploring the bioactive components and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of CoS aqueous extract underlying mitochondrial damage and neuroinflammation to improve Aβ25-35-induced AD. METHODS AD mouse models were generated using Aβ25-35 brain injections. Different doses of CoS aqueous extract were orally administered to mice for 28 days. The cognitive function, neuronal and synaptic damage, mitochondrial damage (mitochondrial length, mitochondrial fusion fission-related protein expression), neuroglial activation, and immune inflammatory factor and ERK pathway-related protein levels of mice were assessed. The CoS aqueous extracts components were identified using UPLC-TQ/MS and screened for cellular activity. Midivi-1 (Drp1 inhibitor) or PD98059 (ERK inhibitor) was added to Aβ25-35-exposed PC12 cells to assess whether CoS and its active compounds mMorB and CorE regulate mitochondrial fission through ERK/Drp1. PC12-N9 cells were cocultured to investigate whether mMorB and CorE could regulate mitochondrial division through the ERK pathway to modulate neuroinflammation. RESULTS CoS improved exploration and memory in AD mice, reduced synaptic and mitochondrial damage in their hippocampus, and modulated disturbed mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, CoS inhibited ERK pathway signaling and attenuated abnormal activation of glial cells and secondary immune inflammatory responses. Additionally, in vitro experiments revealed that CoS and its compounds 7β-O-methylmorroniside (mMorB) and Cornusdiridoid E (CorE) ameliorated mitochondrial injury caused by Aβ25-35 in PC12 cells through inhibition of the ERK/Drp1 pathway. Meanwhile, mMorB and CorE ameliorated cellular inflammation by inhibiting the Ras/ERK/CREB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION CoS aqueous extract ameliorates behavioral deficits and brain damage in Aβ25-35-induced AD mice by modulating the ERK pathway to attenuate mitochondrial damage and neuroinflammation, and the compounds mMorB and CorE are the therapeutically active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengxiao Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyou Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenkai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ru Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, China.
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China; Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of PR China, China.
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Kong H, Han YY, Yang GL, Li K, Yu L, Xie XK, Xia GY, Wei PJ, Zhang WR, Li CH. Tenuifolin improves learning and memory by regulating long-term potentiation and dendritic structure of hippocampal CA1 area in healthy female mice but not male mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 466:114974. [PMID: 38554850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia Wild is an ancient traditional Chinese medicine. Its main component, tenuifolin (TEN), has been proven to improve cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and ovariectomy. However, there was hardly any pharmacological research about TEN and its potential gender differences. Considering the reduction of TEN on learning and memory dysfunction in ovariectomized animals, therefore, we focused on the impact of TEN in different mice genders in the current study. Spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB), light-dark discrimination, and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to evaluate the mice's learning and memory abilities. The field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) of the hippocampal CA1 region was recorded using an electrophysiological method, and the morphology of the dendritic structure was examined using Golgi staining. In the behavioral experiments, TEN improved the correct rate in female mice in the SAB test, the correct rate in the light-dark discrimination test, and the number of crossing platforms in the MWM test. Additionally, TEN reduced the latency of female mice rather than male mice in light-dark discrimination and MWM tests. Moreover, TEN could significantly increase the slope of fEPSP in hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 and enhance the total length and the number of intersections of dendrites in the hippocampal CA1 area in female mice but not in male mice. Collectively, the results of the current study showed that TEN improved learning and memory by regulating long-term potentiation (LTP) and dendritic structure of hippocampal CA1 area in female mice but not in males. These findings would help to explore the improvement mechanism of TEN on cognition and expand the knowledge of the potential therapeutic value of TEN in the treatment of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Kong
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Han
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gai-Ling Yang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun-Kai Xie
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Xia
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Ju Wei
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu S, Yang D, Li W, Chen Q, Lu D, Xiong L, Wu J, Ao H, Huang L. Magnolia Officinalis Alcohol Extract Alleviates the Intestinal Injury Induced by Polygala Tenuifolia Through Regulating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Intestinal Flora. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1695-1710. [PMID: 38799799 PMCID: PMC11128259 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s461152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Polygala tenuifolia Willd. (PT), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant extensively employed in managing Alzheimer's disease, exhibits notable gastrointestinal side effects as highlighted by prior investigations. In contrast, Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils (MO), a traditional remedy for gastrointestinal ailments, shows promising potential for ameliorating this adverse effect of PT. The objective of this study is to examine the underlying mechanism of MO in alleviating the side effects of PT. Methods Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the structural damage of zebrafish intestine, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. The integrity of the intestinal tight junctions was examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Moreover, the expression of intestinal barrier genes and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway-related genes was determined through quantitative real-time PCR. The changes in intestinal microbial composition were analyzed using 16S rRNA and metagenomic techniques. Results MO effectively ameliorated intestinal pathological damage and barrier gene expression, and significantly alleviated intestinal injury by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, MO could significantly increase the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms (Lactobacillus, Blautia and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Plesiomonas and Aeromonas). Conclusion MO alleviated PT-induced intestinal injury, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway activation and regulation of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danni Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
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Hao KX, Shen CY, Jiang JG. Sedative and hypnotic effects of Polygala tenuifolia willd. saponins on insomnia mice and their targets. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117618. [PMID: 38141791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygala tenuifolia Willd. has been widely used in the treatment of cancer, forgetfulness, depression and other diseases. AIM OF REVIEW The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep-enhancing effect and mechanism of P. tenuifolia saponins (PTS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The total saponin (YZ-I) and purified saponin (YZ-II) fractions were extracted and ICR mice model of insomnia was established by p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) induction to observe anxiety and depression behaviors. Effects of YZ-I and YZ-II on the levels of neurotransmitters, hormones, and inflammation cytokines were detected by ELISA, RT-qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that YZ-I and YZ-II reduced the immobility time of mice and prolonged the sleep time of mice and significantly increased the concentrations of 5-HT, NE, PGD2, IL-1β and TNF-α. YZ-I and YZ-II regulated GABAARα2, GABAARα3, GAD65/67, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A, while regulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as DPR, PGD2, iNOS and TNF-α to exert sedative and hypnotic effects. CONCLUSION PTS are mainly achieved sedative and hypnotic effects by altering serotonergic, GABAergic and immune systems, but the effects and mechanisms of action of YZ-I were different from YZ-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Hao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chun-Yan Shen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Southern Medical University, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Zhou JC, Li HL, Zhou Y, Li XT, Yang ZY, Tohda C, Komatsu K, Piao XH, Ge YW. The roles of natural triterpenoid saponins against Alzheimer's disease. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5017-5040. [PMID: 37491018 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The aging of the world population and increasing stress levels in life are the major cause of the increased incidence of neurological disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) creates a huge burden on the lives and health of individuals and has become a big concern for society. Triterpenoid saponins (TS), representative natural product components, have a wide range of pharmacological bioactivities such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antiapoptosis, hormone-like, and gut microbiota regulation. Notably, some natural TS exhibited promising neuroprotective activity that can intervene in AD progress, especially in the early stage. Recently, studies have indicated that TS play a pronounced positive role in the prevention and treatment of AD. This review discusses the recent research on the neuroprotection of TS and proceeds to detail the action mechanisms of TS against AD, hoping to provide a reference for drug development for anti-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Chun Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Lin Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Tao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-You Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Institute of Nutrition and Marine Drugs, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Xiu-Hong Piao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Wei Ge
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu J, Li T, Zhong G, Pan Y, Gao M, Su S, Liang Y, Ma C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Shi Q. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds for Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115406. [PMID: 37659206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a global public health priority characterized by high mortality rates in adults and an increasing prevalence in aging populations worldwide. Despite significant advancements in comprehending the pathogenesis of AD since its initial report in 1907, there remains a lack of effective curative or preventive measures for the disease. In recent years, natural compounds sourced from diverse origins have garnered considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents for AD, owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. This review aims to consolidate the therapeutic effects of natural compounds on AD, specifically targeting the reduction of β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction, anti-apoptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the identified compounds exhibiting these effects predominantly originate from plants. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of natural compounds as a reservoir of novel therapeutic agents for AD, thereby stimulating further research and contributing to the development of efficacious treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Liu
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China
| | - Tianyao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Cuiru Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qing Shi
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China.
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Li C, Gao F, Qu Y, Zhao P, Wang X, Zhu G. Tenuifolin in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease-like phenotypes: Investigation of the mechanisms from the perspectives of calpain system, ferroptosis, and apoptosis. Phytother Res 2023:4621-4638. [PMID: 37364988 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia was documented to calm the mind and promote wisdom. However, its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of tenuifolin (Ten) on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like phenotypes. We first applied bioinformatics methods to screen the mechanisms of P. tenuifolia in the treatment of AD. Thereafter, the d-galactose combined with Aβ1-42 (GCA) was applied to model AD-like behaviors and investigate the action mechanisms of Ten, one active component of P. tenuifolia. The data showed that P. tenuifolia actioned through multi-targets and multi-pathways, including regulation of synaptic plasticity, apoptosis, and calcium signaling, and so forth. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ten prevented intracellular calcium overload, abnormal calpain system, and down-regulation of BDNF/TrkB signaling induced by GCA. Moreover, Ten suppressed oxidative stress and ferroptosis in HT-22 cells induced by GCA. Calpeptin and ferroptosis inhibitor prevented the decrease of cell viability induced by GCA. Interestingly, calpeptin did not interrupt GCA-induced ferroptosis in HT-22 cells but blocked the apoptosis. Animal experiments further demonstrated that Ten prevented GCA-induced memory impairment in mice and increased synaptic protein expression while reducing m-calpain expression. Ten prevents AD-like phenotypes through multiple signaling by inhibiting oxidative stress and ferroptosis, maintaining the stability of calpain system, and suppressing neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congting Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases) and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases) and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases) and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases) and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xuncui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases) and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases) and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Jiang N, Zhang Y, Yao C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Chen F, Wang Y, Choudhary MI, Liu X. Tenuifolin ameliorates the sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits. Phytother Res 2023; 37:464-476. [PMID: 36608695 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tenuifolin (TEN), a natural neuroprotective compound obtained from the Polygala tenuifolia Willd plant, has improved cognitive symptoms. However, the impact of TEN on memory impairments caused by sleep deprivation (SD) is unclear. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms behind the preventative benefits of TEN on cognitive impairment caused by SD. TEN (10 and 20 mg/kg) and Huperzine A (0.1 mg/kg) were given to mice through oral gavage for 28 days during the SD process. The results indicate that TEN administrations improve short- and long-term memory impairments caused by SD in the Y-maze, object identification, and step-through tests. Moreover, TEN stimulated the generation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10), lowered the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-18), and activated microglia, improving antioxidant status in the hippocampus. TEN treatments significantly boosted the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 while considerably decreasing the expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 and caspase-1 p20. Additionally, TEN restored the downregulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling cascade and the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis induced by SD. When considered collectively, our data suggest that TEN is a potentially effective neuroprotective agent for cognition dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Yao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM Heart and Lung Syndrome Differentiation & Medicated Diet and Dietotherapy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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10
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Yu S, Dong X, Ma R, Ji H, Yu J, Liu A. Characterization of a polysaccharide from Polygala tenuifolia willd. with immune activity via activation MAPKs pathway. Bioorg Chem 2023; 130:106214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Zhang L, Yong YY, Deng L, Wang J, Law BYK, Hu ML, Wu JM, Yu L, Wong VKW, Yu CL, Qin DL, Zhou XG, Wu AG. Therapeutic potential of Polygala saponins in neurological diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154483. [PMID: 36260972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many types of neurological diseases with complex etiologies. At present, most clinical drugs can only relieve symptoms but cannot cure these diseases. Radix Polygalae, a famous traditional Chinese medicine from the root of plants of the genus Polygala, has the traditional effect of treating insomnia, forgetfulness, and palpitation and improving intelligence and other symptoms of neurological diseases. Saponins are important bioactive components of plants of the genus Polygala and exhibit neuroprotective effects. PURPOSE This review aimed to summarize the traditional use of Polygala species and discuss the latest phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological findings, mainly with regard to Polygala saponins in the treatment of neurological disorders. METHODS Literature was searched and collected using databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, CNKI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used included "Polygala", "saponins", "neurological diseases", "Alzheimer's disease", "toxicity", etc., and combinations of these keywords. A total of 1202 papers were retrieved until August 2022, and we included 135 of these papers on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and other fields. RESULTS This literature review mainly reports on the traditional use of the Polygala genus and prescriptions containing Radix Polygalae in neurological diseases. Phytochemical studies have shown that plants of the genus Polygala mainly include saponins, flavonoids, oligosaccharide esters, alkaloids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, etc. Among them, saponins are the majority. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Polygala saponins have neuroprotective effects on a variety of neurological diseases. Its mechanism of action involves autophagic degradation of misfolded proteins, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidative stress and so on. Toxicological studies have shown that Polygala saponins trigger gastrointestinal toxicity, and honey processing and glycosyl disruption of Polygala saponins can effectively ameliorate its gastrointestinal side effect. CONCLUSION Polygala saponins are the major bioactive components in plants of the genus Polygala that exhibit therapeutic potential in various neurological diseases. This review provides directions for the future study of Polygala saponins and references for the clinical use of prescriptions containing Radix Polygalae for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yong
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Lan Deng
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 99078, PR. China
| | - Meng-Ling Hu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Vincent Kam-Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 99078, PR. China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China.
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12
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Tan W, Qi L, Hu X, Tan Z. Research progress in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921794. [PMID: 36506569 PMCID: PMC9729772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the world's leading cause of dementia and has become a huge economic burden on nations and families. However, the exact etiology of AD is still unknown, and there are no efficient medicines or methods to prevent the deterioration of cognition. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made important contributions in the battle against AD based on the characteristics of multiple targets of TCM. This study reviewed the treatment strategies and new discoveries of traditional Chinese medicine in current research, which may be beneficial to new drug researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Tan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingjun Qi
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghuai Tan
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Zhenghuai Tan,
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13
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Li RL, Wang LY, Duan HX, Zhang Q, Guo X, Wu C, Peng W. Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction induced cell apoptosis is a potential therapeutic strategy for herbal medicine to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:937289. [PMID: 36210852 PMCID: PMC9535092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.937289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is a progressive neurodegeneration caused by genetic and environmental factors. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD) are the three most common neurodegenerative diseases clinically. Unfortunately, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing year by year. However, the current available drugs have poor efficacy and large side effects, which brings a great burden to the patients and the society. Increasing evidence suggests that occurrence and development of the neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the mitochondrial dysfunction, which can affect mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, as well as mitochondrial mitophagy. Through the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, nerve cells undergo varying degrees of apoptosis. Interestingly, it has been shown in recent years that the natural agents derived from herbal medicines are beneficial for prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the potential therapeutic agents from herbal medicines for treating neurodegenerative diseases via suppressing apoptosis through regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, in order to provide a foundation for the development of more candidate drugs for neurodegenerative diseases from herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu-Xinyue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
| | - Chunjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Guo, ; Chunjie Wu, ; Wei Peng,
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14
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Wu Q, Li X, Jiang XW, Yao D, Zhou LJ, Xu ZH, Wang N, Zhao QC, Zhang Z. Yuan-Zhi decoction in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: An integrated approach based on chemical profiling, network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893244. [PMID: 36091836 PMCID: PMC9451491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yuan-Zhi Decoction (YZD) is a traditional Chinese medical formulation with demonstrated clinical benefits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify 27 unique chemical components of YZD. Analyzing these using network pharmacology and molecular docking models identified 34 potential interacting molecular targets involved in 26 biochemical pathways. When tested in an animal model of AD, the APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed measurable improvements in spatial orientation and memory after the administration of YZD. These improvements coincided with significantly reduced deposition of Aβ plaques and tau protein in the hippocampi in the treated animals. In addition, a decreased BACE1 and beta-amyloid levels, a downregulation of the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, and an upregulation of the PI3K and p-AKT/AKT pathway was seen in YZD treated animals. These in vivo changes validated the involvement of molecular targets and pathways predicted in silico analysis of the chemical components of YZD. This study provides scientific support for the clinical use of YZD and justifies further investigations into its effects in AD. Furthermore, it demonstrates the utility of network pharmacology in elucidating the biochemical mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Zhang, ; Qing-Chun Zhao,
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Zhang, ; Qing-Chun Zhao,
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15
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Tak K, Sharma P, Sharma R, Dave V, Jain S, Sharma S. One-pot hydrothermal green synthesis of Polygala tenuifolia mediated graphene quantum dots for acetylcholine esterase inhibitory activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Wang H, Huang H, Jiang N, Zhang Y, Lv J, Liu X. Tenuifolin ameliorates chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive impairment in C57BL/6J mice. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1402-1412. [PMID: 35129236 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The general consensus is that stress affects the central nervous system and can lead to cognitive problems. The root of Polygala tenuifolia (P. tenuifolia) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used for improving brain function. Tenuifolin (TEN) is the major constituent of P. tenuifolia and has a promising neuroprotective property. The purpose of this study was to investigate the alleviating effect of TEN on cognitive impairment induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS) and its mechanism. Our results showed that CRS exposure resulted in impaired cognitive performance in C57BL/6J mice, as indicated by decreased responses in Y-maze, novel objects recognition, and step-through passive avoidance tests. TEN treated daily orally (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 30 days reversed these behavior changes. Meanwhile, TEN could significantly regulate interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels in the hippocampus. TEN inhibited the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B-mediated inflammation, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels in serum. Most importantly, we found that TEN also upregulated the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin kinase B, glucocorticoid receptor, glutamate receptor 1, and synapse-associated proteins. Collectively, these data suggest that TEN has a potential improvement effect on memory loss caused by CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Chen H, Zhong J, Li J, Zeng Z, Yu Q, Yan C. PTP70-2, a novel polysaccharide from Polygala tenuifolia, prevents neuroinflammation and protects neurons by suppressing the TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:546-555. [PMID: 34801584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PTP70-2, a novel polysaccharide isolated from Polygala tenuifolia in our previous publication, exhibits potential anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects and the neuroprotective activity of PTP70-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-damaged BV2 microglial cells and neuroinflammation-injured primary cortical neurons. The results suggest that PTP70-2 dramatically reduces the LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines overexpression, as well as down-regulates the levels of TLR4-, MyD88-, and NF-κB-related proteins. The effect of PTP70-2 in down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and downstream proteins implicated in MyD88 and NF-κB signaling is related to the TLR4 pathway. Furthermore, this effect is enhanced by the co-incubation of BV2 cells with PTP70-2 and TAK242, a TLR4 inhibitor, before exposure to LPS. Importantly, PTP70-2 prevents neuroinflammation-induced neurotoxicity by mitigating ROS overproduction and MMP dissipation. Overall, the PTP70-2's anti-neuroinflammation and neuroprotection are involved to the modulation of the TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianxuan Li
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiwei Zeng
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- Clinical Pharmacy of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wang XF, Xiao HH, Wu YT, Kong L, Chen JC, Yang JX, Hu XL. Active constituent of Polygala tenuifolia attenuates cognitive deficits by rescuing hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:267. [PMID: 34696749 PMCID: PMC8543956 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide, and there is still no satisfactory drug or therapeutic strategy. Polygala tenuifolia is a traditional Chinese medicine with multiple neuroprotective effects. In present study, we investigated the effects of three active constituents [3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose (DISS), onjisaponin B (OB) and tenuifolin (TEN)] of Polygala tenuifolia (PT) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) to identify the potential active constituent of PT promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS NSCs were isolated from hippocampi of newborn C57BL/6 mice, and transfected with mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene to establish an AD cell model (APP-NSCs). 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were performed, and the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were assessed by neurosphere formation assay, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and immunofluorescence (IF) staining analysis. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were administrated with the potential active constituent DISS for 4 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM), Nissl staining assay and IF staining assays were carried out to evaluate the cognitive function, neural damages and hippocampal neurogenesis, respectively. RESULTS DISS exerted the optimal ability to strengthen APP-NSCs proliferation and neuronal differentiation, followed by OB and TEN. Furthermore, DISS treatment for 4 weeks strikingly rescued the cognitive deficits, neuronal injures, and neurogenesis disorder in adult APP/PS1 transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that DISS is the constituent of PT that triggers the most potent increase of hippocampal neurogenesis in our mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Wang
- Center for Neuromedicine of Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-He Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Cong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-le Hu
- Center for Neuromedicine of Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116033, People's Republic of China.
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Li T, Zhou Z, Zhang K, Ma W, Chen W, Tu P, Li J, Song Q, Song Y. Direct infusion-tandem mass spectrometry combining with data mining strategies enables rapid chemome characterization of medicinal plants: A case study of Polygala tenuifolia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114281. [PMID: 34333452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Data-independent MS2 spectrum acquisition after fragmenting the precursor ion cohort with 1 Da bin, termed as MS/MSALL ®, offers an opportunity to achieve rapid chemome characterization when being coupled with direct infusion (DI). Some post-acquisition data processing strategies, such as mass defect filtering (MDF), diagnostic fragment ion filtering (DFIF), and neutral loss filtering (NLF), facilitate data extraction from massive dataset, and moreover, molecular weight (MW) imprinting allows rapid capturing those reported components. Here, DI-MS/MSALL ® was employed to acquire cubic spectral dataset, and the strategies such as MW imprinting, MDF, DFIF, and NLF, were subsequently applied to filter the structural information. The integrated pipeline was utilized for the chemome characterization of Polygala tenuifolia, a famous edible medicinal plant. To aid information filtering, an in-house chemical library was built by comprehensively collecting structural information from some available databases. A single analytical run was completed within 5 min. For MS1 spectrum processing, MW imprinting was firstly applied to capture the compounds in the chemical library, and "five-point" MDF frames were employed to pursue saponins, oligosaccharide esters, and xanthones. Regarding MS2 spectral plot, DFIF and NLF were deployed to search information-of-interest. Structural identification was accomplished by carefully correlating precursor ions and MS2 spectra, applying the well-defined mass cracking rules, and referring to literature information as well as available databases. A total of 109 compounds, mainly saponins (40 ones), oligosaccharide esters (29 ones), and xanthones (19 ones), were captured and structurally annotated. MS1 spectra were also implemented for chemome comparison between Polygala tenuifolia and several similar plants belonging to Polygala genus, resulting in the observation of significant inter- and intra-species differences. Above all, DI-MS/MSALL ® is a promising choice for high-throughput chemome profiling of, but not limited to, medicinal plants, in particular when being integrated with post-acquisition data processing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhizi Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Poria cocos polysaccharide attenuates damage of nervus in Alzheimer's disease rat model induced by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride. Neuroreport 2021; 32:727-737. [PMID: 33913927 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP) is a compound from Poria cocos, and which is used as a classical tonic agent. This article aims to investigate the effects of PCP on neuronal damage of hippocampus and cognitive function in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride. Oxiracetam (ORC) was used as a positive drug in this experiment. The rats were treated with PCP at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/day for 30 days and ORC at dose of 346 mg/kg/day after modeling. The results of behavioral test showed that PCP could prevent cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease rats as assessed by Y-maze test and Morris water maze test. Results of hippocampus slices showed that neurons were integrated and regularly arranged in the groups, which were administered along with PCP. Moreover, PCP could reduce neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease rats. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus were elevated by PCP administration, while acetyl cholinesterase, reactive oxygen, malondialdehyde and inflammatory factors levels were reduced. In addition, we found PCP could attenuate MAPK/NF-κB signal pathway in the hippocampus. All results illustrated that PCP could exert neuroprotective effects at least partly through alleviating oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in Alzheimer's disease rats induced by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride.
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Jiang N, Huang H, Wang H, Lv J, Zeng G, Wang Q, Bao Y, Chen Y, Liu XM. The antidepressant-like effects of Shen Yuan: Dependence on hippocampal BDNF-TrkB signaling activation in chronic social defeat depression-like mice. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2711-2726. [PMID: 33474783 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The Shen Yuan prescription (SY) comprises Panax ginseng (GT) and Polygala tenuifolia (YT), elicited superior antidepressant activity compared with that of GT or YT alone. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the effects of SY treatment on chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like symptoms and the related mechanism. Our results indicated that SY treatment reverses the depressive-like behaviors induced by CSDS as measured by the social interaction test, sucrose preference test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. SY decreased the serum levels of CORT and increased hippocampal neurotransmitters (5-HT, DA, and NE) in CSDS mice. Meanwhile, SY upregulated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway and reversed the decreased hippocampal neurogenesis caused by CSDS. In addition, we found that the TrkB antagonist K252a fully blocked the SY effects on behavioral improvement and eliminated the promoting effects of SY on hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF-TrkB signaling (including the downstream ERK and Akt pathways) activation, thus further demonstrating that BDNF-TrkB signaling was necessary for the SY effects. In conclusion, our study showed that SY acted as an antidepressant in mice exhibiting CSDS-induced depression-like symptoms, and its effect was facilitated by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Guirong Zeng
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Affiliated TCM Hospital/School of Pharmacy/Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Bao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Jin X, Guo JL, Wang L, Zhong X, Yao WF, Gao H, Liu MY. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatments of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113401. [PMID: 33831779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive impairment that harshly affect the elderly individuals. Currently, the available anti-AD pharmacological approaches are purely symptomatic to alleviate AD symptoms, and the curative effects of novel anti-AD drugs focused on Aβ target are disappointing. Hence, there is a tremendous need to adjust AD therapeutic targets and discover novel anti-AD agents. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction gradually triggers neuronal death from different aspects and worsens the occurrence and progress of AD. Consequently, it has been proposed that the intervention of impaired mitochondria represents an attractive breakthrough point for AD treatments. Due to chemical diversity, poly-pharmacological activities, few adverse effects and multiple targeting, natural products (NPs) have been identified as a valuable treasure for drug discovery and development. Multiple lines of studies have scientifically proven that NPs display ameliorative benefits in AD treatment in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review surveys the complicated implications for mitochondrial dysregulation and AD, and then summarizes the potentials of NPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms against AD via reducing or improving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is expected that this work may open the window to speed up the development of innovative anti-AD drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Ma R, Xie Q, Wang J, Huang L, Guo X, Fan Y. Combination of urine and faeces metabolomics to reveal the intervention mechanism of Polygala tenuifolia compatibility with Magnolia officinalis on gastrointestinal motility disorders. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:247-262. [PMID: 33793803 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the intervention mechanism of combining Polygala tenuifolia (PT) with Magnolia officinalis (MO) on gastrointestinal motility disorders caused by PT. METHODS Urine and faeces of rats were collected; the effects of PT and MO on the gastric emptying and small intestine advancing rates in mice were analysed via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to determine the potential metabolites. Changes in the metabolic profiles of the urine and faeces were revealed by untargeted metabolomics, followed by multivariate statistical analysis. The integration of urine and faeces was applied to reveal the intervention mechanism of PT-MO on PT-induced disorders. KEY FINDINGS PT + MO (1:2) improved the gastrointestinal function in mice suffering from PT-induced gastrointestinal motility disorder. Metabolomics indicated that the PT-MO mechanism was mainly associated with the regulations of 17 and 12 metabolites and 11 and 10 pathways in urine and faeces, respectively. The common metabolic pathways were those of tyrosine, purine, tricarboxylic acid cycle, pyruvate and gluconeogenesis, which were responsible for the PT-MO intervention mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The PT-MO (1:2) couple mechanism mitigated the PT-induced disorders, which were related to the energy, amino acid and fatty metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yamei Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jiang N, Wang H, Huang H, Lv J, Zeng G, Wang Q, Bao Y, Chen Y, Liu X. The Antidepressant-Like Effects of Shen Yuan in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rat Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:622204. [PMID: 33584387 PMCID: PMC7876232 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.622204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common yet severe neuropsychiatric condition that causes imposes considerable personal, economic, and social burdens worldwide. Medicinal plant species (e.g., Panax ginseng and Polygala tenuifolia) demonstrate potent antidepressant-like effects with less toxicity and other side effects. Shen yuan prescription (SY), composed of Panax ginseng (GT) and Polygala tenuifolia (YT). The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of SY treatment on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats and study the underlying mechanism. Our results indicated that SY (67.5, 135, or 270 mg/kg) significantly reverses the depressive-like behaviors in rats with a 5-week CUMS exposure, as demonstrated by increased sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test, and decreased immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim test. Moreover, SY altered serum corticosterone levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and oxidative markers (SOD, CAT, and MDA), and increased the levels of hippocampal neurotransmitters (5-HT, DA, and NE) in rats exposed to CUMS. Furthermore, rats treated with SY showed a reduction in the protein expression of BDNF, p-TrkB, p-Akt, and p-mTOR proteins induced by CUMS exposure in the hippocampus. In conclusion, SY prevented depressive-like behaviors in CUMS-exposed rats by preventing hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, decreasing the levels of the neurotransmitters, minimizing oxidative stress, suppressing neuroinflammation, and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated BDNF/TrkB pathway, all of which are the key players in the pathological basis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Zeng
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital/School of Pharmacy/Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Bao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Jiang N, Wei S, Zhang Y, He W, Pei H, Huang H, Wang Q, Liu X. Protective Effects and Mechanism of Radix Polygalae Against Neurological Diseases as Well as Effective Substance. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:688703. [PMID: 34975553 PMCID: PMC8719339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.688703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Polygalae (also known as Yuanzhi in China) is the dried rhizome of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. or Polygala sibirica L., which is a famous Chinese herb and has been widely used for centuries in traditional medicines including expectorants, tonics, tranquilizers, antipsychotic, and so on. This article reviews the neuroprotective effects of Radix Polygalae in preclinical models of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, especially anxiety, depression, declining cognition, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). The chemical composition of Radix Polygalae as well as the underlying mechanisms of action were also reviewed. We found that Radix Polygalae possesses a broad range of beneficial effects on the abovementioned conditions. The multifold mechanisms of action include several properties such as antioxidant and associated apoptotic effects; anti-inflammatory and associated apoptotic effects; neurogenesis, regeneration, differentiation, and neuronal plasticity improvement; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) regulation; neurotransmitter release; and receptor activation (A2AR, NMDA-R, and GluR). Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms underlying this array of pharmacological effects observed in vitro and in vivo still need further investigation to attain a coherent neuroprotective profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlu He
- Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyue Pei
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhao X, Xu B, Wu P, Zhao P, Guo C, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li H. UHPLC-MS/MS method for pharmacokinetic and bioavailability determination of five bioactive components in raw and various processed products of Polygala tenuifolia in rat plasma. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:969-978. [PMID: 32956609 PMCID: PMC7534330 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1818790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sibiricose A5 (A5), sibiricose A6 (A6), 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose (DSS), tenuifoliside A (TFSA) and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) are the main active components of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. (Polygalaceae) (PT) that are active against Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of five active components in the roots of raw PT (RPT), liquorice-boiled PT (LPT) and honey-stir-baked PT (HPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The median lethal dose (LD50) was evaluated through acute toxicity test. The pharmacokinetics of five components after oral administration of extracts of RPT, LPT, HPT (all equivalent to 1.9 g/kg of RPT extract for one dose) and 0.5% CMC-Na solution (control group) were investigated, respectively, in Sprague-Dawley rats (four groups, n = 6) using UHPLC-MS/MS. In addition, the absolute bioavailability of A5, A6, DSS, TFSA and TMCA after oral administration (7.40, 11.60, 16.00, 50.00 and 3.11 mg/kg, respectively) and intravenous injection (1/10 of the corresponding oral dose) in rats (n = 6) was studied. RESULTS The LD50 of RPT, LPT and HPT was 7.79, 14.55 and 15.99 g/kg, respectively. AUC 0- t of RPT, LPT and HPT were as follows: A5 (433.18 ± 65.48, 680.40 ± 89.21, 552.02 ± 31.10 ng h/mL), A6 (314.55 ± 62.73, 545.76 ± 123.16, 570.06 ± 178.93 ng h/mL) and DSS (100.30 ± 62.44, 232.00 ± 66.08, 197.58 ± 57.37 ng h/mL). The absolute bioavailability of A5, A6, DSS, TFSA and TMCA was 3.25, 2.95, 2.36, 1.17 and 42.91%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic and bioavailability parameters of each compound can facilitate future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baoxin Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changchuan Guo
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, China
| | - Yueli Cui
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanxue Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuelan Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- CONTACT Xuelan Zhang
| | - Huifen Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Huifen Li School of Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan250355, China
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Zhao X, Cui Y, Wu P, Zhao P, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang X. Polygalae Radix: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li JM, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Kong LD. Potential effect of herbal antidepressants on cognitive deficit: Pharmacological activity and possible molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112830. [PMID: 32259666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cognitive symptom is a "core" symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with clear deficit in memory, social and occupational function, and may persist during the remitting phase. Therefore, the remission of cognitive symptom has been considered as one of the main objectives in the treatment of MDD. Herbal antidepressants have been used to treat MDD, and there has been great advances in the understanding of the ability of these herbs to improve cognitive deficit linked to brain injury and various diseases including depression, Alzheimer disease, diabetes and age-related disorders. This systematic review summarizes the evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials of herbal antidepressants with positive effects on cognitive deficit. The potential mechanisms by which herbal antidepressants prevent cognitive deficit are also reviewed. This review will facilitate further research and applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an open-ended, English restricted search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science and Scopus for all available articles published or online before 31 December 2019, using terms pertaining to medical herb/phytomedicine/phytochemical/Chinese medicine and depression/major depressive disorder/antidepressant and/or cognitive impairment/cognitive deficit/cognitive dysfunction. RESULTS 7 prescriptions, more than 30 individual herbs and 50 phytochemicals from China, Japan, Korea and India with positive effects on the depressive state and cognitive deficit are reviewed herein. The evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials proves that these herbal antidepressants exhibit positive effects on one or more aspects of cognitive defect including spatial, episodic, aversive, and short- and long-term memory. The action mode of the improvement of cognitive deficit by these herbal antidepressants is mediated mainly through two pathways. One pathway is to promote hippocampal neurogenesis through activating brain derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin-related kinase B signaling. The other pathway is to prevent neuronal apoptosis through the inhibition of neuro-inflammation and neuro-oxidation. CONCLUSION These herbal antidepressants, having potential therapy for cognitive deficit, may prevent pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, these herbal medicines should provide a treasure trove, which will accelerate the development of new antidepressants that can effectively improve cognitive symptom in MDD. Studies on their molecular mechanisms may provide more potential targets and therapeutic approaches for new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Chen S, Jia J. Tenuifolin Attenuates Amyloid-β42-Induced Neuroinflammation in Microglia Through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 76:195-205. [PMID: 32444542 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tenuifolin (TEN) is a natural neuroprotective compound extracted from Polygala tenuifolia Willd, which may improve cognitive symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of TEN on inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by amyloid-β (Aβ)42 oligomers in BV2 cells, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We conducted cell viability assays to estimate drug toxicity and drug effects on cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to detect the release of inflammatory factors. Nitric oxide (NO) assays were used to measure the degree of oxidative stress. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were used to explore the influence of TEN on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. RESULTS Pretreatment of BV2 microglial cells with TEN inhibited the release of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, alleviated NO-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2, and protected SH-SY5Y cells from the toxicity induced by the medium conditioned by BV2 cells previously exposed to Aβ42 oligomers. Moreover, TEN suppressed upstream activators of NF-κB, as well as NF-κB translocation to the nucleus in BV2 microglial cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that TEN can protect SH-SY5Y cells from Aβ42 oligomer-induced microglia-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress by downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqi Chen
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P.R. China
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Wang J, Wu X. Traditional Chinese Medicine Jiuwei Zhenxin Granules in Treating Depression: An Overview. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2237-2255. [PMID: 33116523 PMCID: PMC7541918 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s273324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is known as "Yu Zheng" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Jiuwei Zhenxin granules (JZG) is a type of TCM. According to TCM theory, it nourishes the heart and spleen, tonifies Qi, and tranquilizes the spirit, and may also has effects in the treatment of depression. Here, we systematically reviewed recent basic and clinical experimental studies of JZG and depression, including studies of the pharmacological mechanisms, active ingredients, and clinical applications of JZG in depression treatment. This review will deepen our understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms, drug interactions, and clinical applications of TCM prescriptions and provide a basis for the development of new drugs in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmao Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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