1
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Chen Y, Sun T, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang J. Towards Design Automation of Microfluidic Mixers: Leveraging Reinforcement Learning and Artificial Neural Networks. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:901. [PMID: 39064412 PMCID: PMC11278837 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic mixers, a pivotal application of microfluidic technology, are primarily utilized for the rapid amalgamation of diverse samples within microscale devices. Given the intricacy of their design processes and the substantial expertise required from designers, the intelligent automation of microfluidic mixer design has garnered significant attention. This paper discusses an approach that integrates artificial neural networks (ANNs) with reinforcement learning techniques to automate the dimensional parameter design of microfluidic mixers. In this study, we selected two typical microfluidic mixer structures for testing and trained two neural network models, both highly precise and cost-efficient, as alternatives to traditional, time-consuming finite-element simulations using up to 10,000 sets of COMSOL simulation data. By defining effective state evaluation functions for the reinforcement learning agents, we utilized the trained agents to successfully validate the automated design of dimensional parameters for these mixer structures. The tests demonstrated that the first mixer model could be automatically optimized in just 0.129 s, and the second in 0.169 s, significantly reducing the time compared to manual design. The simulation results validated the potential of reinforcement learning techniques in the automated design of microfluidic mixers, offering a new solution in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Junchao Wang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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2
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Ekwe AP, Au R, Zhang P, McEnroe BA, Tan ML, Saldan A, Henden AS, Hutchins CJ, Henderson A, Mudie K, Kerr K, Fuery M, Kennedy GA, Hill GR, Tey SK. Clinical grade multiparametric cell sorting and gene-marking of regulatory T cells. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:719-728. [PMID: 38530690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main mediators of peripheral tolerance. Treg-directed therapy has shown promising results in preclinical studies of diverse immunopathologies. At present, the clinical applicability of adoptive Treg transfer is limited by difficulties in generating Tregs at sufficient cell dose and purity. METHODS We developed a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliant method based on closed-system multiparametric Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) to purify Tregs, which are then expanded in vitro and gene-marked with a clinical grade retroviral vector to enable in vivo fate tracking. Following small-scale optimization, we conducted four clinical-scale processing runs. RESULTS We showed that Tregs could be enriched to 87- 92% purity following FACS-sorting, and expanded and transduced to yield clinically relevant cell dose of 136-732×106 gene-marked cells, sufficient for a cell dose of at least 2 × 106 cells/kg. The expanded Tregs were highly demethylated in the FOXP3 Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR), consistent with bona fide natural Tregs. They were suppressive in vitro, but a small percentage could secrete proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ and interleukin-17A. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility of isolating, expanding and gene-marking Tregs in clinical scale, thus paving the way for future phase I trials that will advance knowledge about the in vivo fate of transferred Tregs and its relationship with concomitant Treg-directed pharmacotherapy and clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaeze Precious Ekwe
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raymond Au
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin A McEnroe
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mei Ling Tan
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alda Saldan
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea S Henden
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheryl J Hutchins
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Henderson
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kari Mudie
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keri Kerr
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madonna Fuery
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glen A Kennedy
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Siok-Keen Tey
- Translational Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia; Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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3
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Libbrecht S, Vankerckhoven A, de Wijs K, Baert T, Thirion G, Vandenbrande K, Van Gorp T, Timmerman D, Coosemans A, Lagae L. A Microfluidics Approach for Ovarian Cancer Immune Monitoring in an Outpatient Setting. Cells 2023; 13:7. [PMID: 38201211 PMCID: PMC10778191 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among cancer diagnoses in women, ovarian cancer has the fifth-highest mortality rate. Current treatments are unsatisfactory, and new therapies are highly needed. Immunotherapies show great promise but have not reached their full potential in ovarian cancer patients. Implementation of an immune readout could offer better guidance and development of immunotherapies. However, immune profiling is often performed using a flow cytometer, which is bulky, complex, and expensive. This equipment is centralized and operated by highly trained personnel, making it cumbersome and time-consuming. We aim to develop a disposable microfluidic chip capable of performing an immune readout with the sensitivity needed to guide diagnostic decision making as close as possible to the patient. As a proof of concept of the fluidics module of this concept, acquisition of a limited immune panel based on CD45, CD8, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), and a live/dead marker was compared to a conventional flow cytometer (BD FACSymphony). Based on a dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 15 patients with ovarian cancer across different stages of treatment, we obtained a 99% correlation coefficient for the detection of CD8+PD1+ T cells relative to the total amount of CD45+ white blood cells. Upon further system development comprising further miniaturization of optics, this microfluidics chip could enable immune monitoring in an outpatient setting, facilitating rapid acquisition of data without the need for highly trained staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libbrecht
- Life Science Technologies, imec, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.)
| | - Ann Vankerckhoven
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Koen de Wijs
- Life Science Technologies, imec, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.)
| | - Thaïs Baert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gitte Thirion
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Katja Vandenbrande
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Toon Van Gorp
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Timmerman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Liesbet Lagae
- Life Science Technologies, imec, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (S.L.)
- Physics Department, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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4
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Zhang N, Liang K, Liu Z, Sun T, Wang J. ANN-Based Instantaneous Simulation of Particle Trajectories in Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2100. [PMID: 36557399 PMCID: PMC9781979 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has shown great potential in cell analysis, where the flowing path in the microfluidic device is important for the final study results. However, the design process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, we proposed an ANN method with three dense layers to analyze particle trajectories at the critical intersections and then put them together with the particle trajectories in straight channels. The results showed that the ANN prediction results are highly consistent with COMSOL simulation results, indicating the applicability of the proposed ANN method. In addition, this method not only shortened the simulation time but also lowered the computational expense, providing a useful tool for researchers who want to receive instant simulation results of particle trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyin Zhang
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kaicong Liang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenya Liu
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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5
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Hayes B, Smith L, Kabutz H, Hayes AC, Whiting GL, Jayaram K, MacCurdy R. Rapid Fabrication of Low-Cost Thermal Bubble-Driven Micro-Pumps. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101634. [PMID: 36295987 PMCID: PMC9610814 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermal bubble-driven micro-pumps are an upcoming actuation technology that can be directly integrated into micro/mesofluidic channels to displace fluid without any moving parts. These pumps consist of high power micro-resistors, which we term thermal micro-pump (TMP) resistors, that locally boil fluid at the resistor surface in microseconds creating a vapor bubble to perform mechanical work. Conventional fabrication approaches of thermal bubble-driven micro-pumps and associated microfluidics have utilized semiconductor micro-fabrication techniques requiring expensive tooling with long turn around times on the order of weeks to months. In this study, we present a low-cost approach to rapidly fabricate and test thermal bubble-driven micro-pumps with associated microfluidics utilizing commercial substrates (indium tin oxide, ITO, and fluorine doped tin oxide, FTO, coated glass) and tooling (laser cutter). The presented fabrication approach greatly reduces the turn around time from weeks/months for conventional micro-fabrication to a matter of hours/days allowing acceleration of thermal bubble-driven micro-pump research and development (R&D) learning cycles.
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6
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Guo G, Wu X, Liu D, Liao L, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Mao T, He Y, Huang P, Wang W, Su L, Wang S, Liu Q, Ma X, Shi N, Guan Y. A Self-Regulated Microfluidic Device with Thermal Bubble Micropumps. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101620. [PMID: 36295973 PMCID: PMC9612009 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, many microchips must rely on an external force (such as syringe pump, electro-hydrodynamic pump, and peristaltic pump, etc.) to control the solution in the microchannels, which probably adds manual operating errors, affects the accuracy of fluid manipulation, and enlarges the noise of signal. In addition, the reasonable integration of micropump and microchip remain the stumbling block for the commercialization of microfluidic technique. To solve those two problems, we designed and fabricated a thermal bubble micropump based on MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) technique. Many parameters (voltage, pulse time, cycle delay time, etc.) affecting the performance of this micropump were explored in this work. The experimental results showed the flow rate of solution with the assistance of a micropump reached more than 15 μL/min in the optimal condition. Finally, a method about measuring total aflatoxin in Chinese herbs was successfully developed based on the integrated platform contained competitive immunoassay and our micropump-based microfluidics. Additionally, the limit of detection in quantifying total aflatoxin (AF) was 0.0615 pg/mL in this platform. The data indicate this combined technique of biochemical assays and micropump based microchip have huge potential in automatically, rapidly, and sensitively measuring other low concentration of biochemical samples with small volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xuanye Wu
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Demeng Liu
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Aure Technology limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Lingni Liao
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yuhan He
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Aure Technology limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Lin Su
- Shanghai Aure Technology limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shuhua Wang
- Shanghai Aure Technology limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xingfeng Ma
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yimin Guan
- Department of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Industrial μTechnology Research Institute, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Aure Technology limited Company, Shanghai 200000, China
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7
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Jiao Z, Han Y, Zhao J, Chao Z, Tárnok A, You Z. Rapid switching and durable on-chip spark-cavitation-bubble cell sorter. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:52. [PMID: 35600222 PMCID: PMC9117265 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Precise and high-speed sorting of individual target cells from heterogeneous populations plays an imperative role in cell research. Although the conventional fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) is capable of rapid and accurate cell sorting, it occupies a large volume of the instrument and inherently brings in aerosol generation as well as cross-contamination among samples. The sorting completed in a fully enclosed and disposable microfluidic chip has the potential to eliminate the above concerns. However, current microfluidic cell sorters are hindered by the high complexities of the fabrication procedure and the off-chip setup. In this paper, a spark-cavitation-bubble-based fluorescence-activated cell sorter is developed to perform fast and accurate sorting in a microfluidic chip. It features a simple structure and an easy operation. This microfluidic sorter comprises a positive electrode of platinum and a negative electrode of tungsten, which are placed on the side of the main channel. By applying a high-voltage discharge on the pair of electrodes, a single spark cavitation bubble is created to deflect the target particle into the downstream collection channel. The sorter has a short switching time of 150 μs and a long lifespan of more than 100 million workable actions. In addition, a novel control strategy is proposed to dynamically adjust the discharge time to stabilize the size of the cavitation bubble for continuous sorting. The dynamic control of continuously triggering the sorter, the optimal delay time between fluorescence detection and cell sorting, and a theoretical model to predict the ideal sorting recovery and purity are studied to improve and evaluate the sorter performance. The experiments demonstrate that the sorting rate of target particles achieves 1200 eps, the total analysis throughput is up to 10,000 eps, the particles sorted at 4000 eps exhibit a purity greater than 80% and a recovery rate greater than 90%, and the sorting effect on the viability of HeLa cells is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeheng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126 USA
| | - Zixi Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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8
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Thurgood P, Chheang C, Needham S, Pirogova E, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Generation of dynamic vortices in a microfluidic system incorporating stenosis barrier by tube oscillation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1917-1928. [PMID: 35420623 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00135g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems incorporating sudden expansions are widely used for generation of vortex flow patterns. However, the formation of vortices requires high flow rates to induce inertial effects. Here, we introduce a new method for generating dynamic vortices in microfluidics at low static flow rates. Human blood is driven through a microfluidic channel incorporating a semi-circular stenosis barrier. The inlet tube of the channel is axially oscillated using a computer-controlled audio-speaker. The tube oscillation induces high transient flow rates in the channel, which generates dynamic vortices across the stenosis barrier. The size of the vortices can be modulated by varying the frequency and amplitude of tube oscillation. Various vortex flow patterns can be generated by varying the flow rate. The formation and size of the vortices can be predicted using the Reynolds number of the oscillating tube. We demonstrate the potential application of the system for investigating the adhesion and phagocytosis of circulating immune cells under pathologically high shear rates induced at the stenosis. This approach facilitates the development of versatile and controllable inertial microfluidic systems for performing various cellular assays while operating at low static flow rates and low sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Chanly Chheang
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Scott Needham
- Leading Technology Group, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Radisch S, Poltorak MP, Wagner M, Cletiu V, Radisch C, Treise I, Pann S, Weigt A, Artner S, Dreher S, Fechner F, Borjan B, Fraessle SP, Effenberger M, Benke E, Navratil G, Hentschel N, Busch DH, Schmidt T, Stemberger C, Germeroth L. Next generation automated traceless cell chromatography platform for GMP-compliant cell isolation and activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6572. [PMID: 35449227 PMCID: PMC9023455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale target cell isolation from patient blood preparations is one of the critical operations during drug product manufacturing for personalized cell therapy in immuno-oncology. Use of high-affinity murine antibody coated magnetic nanoparticles that remain on isolated cells is the current standard applied for this purpose. Here, we present the transformation of previously described technology - non-magnetic immunoaffinity column chromatography-based cell selection with reversible reagents into a new clinical-grade cell isolation platform called Automated Traceless Cell affinity chromatography (ATC). ATC is a fully closed and GMP-compliant cell selection and manufacturing system. Reversibility of reagents enables (sequential) positive cell selection, optionally in combination with depletion columns, enabling capture of highly specific cell subsets. Moreover, synergy with other Streptamer-based technologies allows novel uses beyond cell isolation including integrated and automated on-column target cell activation. In conclusion, ATC technology is an innovative as well as versatile platform to select, stimulate and modify cells for clinical manufacturing and downstream therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Radisch
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Mateusz P Poltorak
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michaela Wagner
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Vlad Cletiu
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Radisch
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Treise
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffi Pann
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexis Weigt
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Artner
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Dreher
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Fechner
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Bojana Borjan
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon P Fraessle
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Effenberger
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Eileen Benke
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Gottfried Navratil
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hentschel
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stemberger
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Lothar Germeroth
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
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10
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Xu X, Huang X, Sun J, Wang R, Yao J, Han W, Wei M, Chen J, Guo J, Sun L, Yin M. Recent progress of inertial microfluidic-based cell separation. Analyst 2021; 146:7070-7086. [PMID: 34761757 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell separation has consistently been a pivotal technology of sample preparation in biomedical research. Compared with conventional bulky cell separation technologies applied in the clinic, cell separation based on microfluidics can accurately manipulate the displacement of liquid or cells at the microscale, which has great potential in point-of-care testing (POCT) applications due to small device size, low cost, low sample consumption, and high operating accuracy. Among various microfluidic cell separation technologies, inertial microfluidics has attracted great attention due to its simple structure and high throughput. In recent years, many researchers have explored the principles and applications of inertial microfluidics and developed different channel structures, including straight channels, curved channels, and multistage channels. However, the recently developed multistage channels have not been discussed and classified in detail compared with more widely discussed straight and curved channels. Therefore, in this review, a comprehensive and detailed review of recent progress in the multistage channel is presented. According to the channel structure, the inertial microfluidic separation technology is divided into (i) straight channel, (ii) curved channel, (iii) composite channel, and (iv) integrated device. The structural development of straight and curved channels is discussed in detail. And based on straight and curved channels, the multistage cell separation structures are reviewed, with a special focus on a variety of latest structures and related innovations of composite and integrated channels. Finally, the future prospects for the existing challenges in the development of inertial microfluidic cell separation technology are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Renjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jiangfan Yao
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Wentao Han
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Maoyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Ming Yin
- The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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11
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Vyawahare S, Brundage M, Kijac A, Gutierrez M, de Geus M, Sinha S, Homyk A. Sorting droplets into many outlets. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4262-4273. [PMID: 34617550 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00493j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics is a commercially successful technology, widely used in single cell sequencing and droplet PCR. Combining droplet making with droplet sorting has also been demonstrated, but so far found limited use, partly due to difficulties in scaling manufacture with injection molded plastics. We introduce a droplet sorting system with several new elements, including: 1) an electrode design combining metallic and ionic liquid parts, 2) a modular, multi-sorting fluidic design with features for keeping inter-droplet distances constant, 3) using timing parameters calculated from fluorescence or scatter signal triggers to precisely actuate dozens of sorting electrodes, 4) droplet collection techniques, including ability to collect a single droplet, and 5) a new emulsion breaking method to collect aqueous samples for downstream analysis. We use these technologies to build a fluorescence based cell sorter that can sort with high (>90%) purity. We also show that these microfluidic designs can be translated into injection molded thermoplastic, suitable for industrial production. Finally, we tally the advantages and limitations of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Vyawahare
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, 249 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Michael Brundage
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, 249 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Aleksandra Kijac
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, 249 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Michael Gutierrez
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, 249 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Martina de Geus
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, 249 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Supriyo Sinha
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, 249 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Andrew Homyk
- Verily Life Sciences LLC, 249 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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12
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Song X, Wang J, Li Y, Xing Y, Guo C, Huang Y, Xu L, Hu H, Wang LL. Improved strategy for jet-in-air cell sorting with high purity, yield, viability, and genome stability. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2453-2467. [PMID: 34233080 PMCID: PMC8409286 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometric sorting is a vital tool in biological research and clinical diagnostics. Theoretically, a high‐speed jet‐in‐air sorter is a fluorescent‐activated cell sorting sorter that ideally processes cells with high purity, yield, and viability. However, high‐speed jet‐in‐air sorting is a complex process due to its inherent requirements for high fluidic stability and electronic and timing precision. Here, we report that an additional manual correction of drop delay leads to improved cell yield. Adding 2% FBS to the loading buffer had no significant effect on the fate of sorted cells in 4 h. However, the addition of a suitable concentration of FBS/BSA in the collecting buffer resulted in a notable increase in cell count and proliferation and a significant decrease in cell apoptosis for cell lines and primary cells. Moreover, the level of gene expression remained steady in the 5% FBS collecting buffer. In summary, here we demonstrate techniques that can be easily followed to refine sorted yields of healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Song
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueting Xing
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lintao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hosptial of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Su J, Chen X, Zhu Y, Hu G. Machine learning assisted fast prediction of inertial lift in microchannels. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2544-2556. [PMID: 33998624 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Inertial effect has been extensively used in manipulating both engineered particles and biocolloids in microfluidic platforms. The design of inertial microfluidic devices largely relies on precise prediction of particle migration that is determined by the inertial lift acting on the particle. In spite of being the only means to accurately obtain the lift forces, direct numerical simulation (DNS) often consumes high computational cost and even becomes impractical when applied to microchannels with complex geometries. Herein, we proposed a fast numerical algorithm in conjunction with machine learning techniques for the analysis and design of inertial microfluidic devices. A database of inertial lift forces was first generated by conducting DNS over a wide range of operating parameters in straight microchannels with three types of cross-sectional shapes, including rectangular, triangular and semicircular shapes. A machine learning assisted model was then developed to gain the inertial lift distribution, by simply specifying the cross-sectional shape, Reynolds number and particle blockage ratio. The resultant inertial lift was integrated into the Lagrangian tracking method to quickly predict the particle trajectories in two types of microchannels in practical devices and yield good agreement with experimental observations. Our database and the associated codes allow researchers to expedite the development of the inertial microfluidic devices for particle manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Su
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. and The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongzheng Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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14
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Zhukov AA, Pritchard RH, Withers MJ, Hailes T, Gold RD, Hayes C, la Cour MF, Hussein F, Rogers SS. Extremely High-Throughput Parallel Microfluidic Vortex-Actuated Cell Sorting. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:389. [PMID: 33918161 PMCID: PMC8066247 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate extremely high-throughput microfluidic cell sorting by making a parallel version of the vortex-actuated cell sorter (VACS). The set-up includes a parallel microfluidic sorter chip and parallel cytometry instrumentation: optics, electronics and control software. The result is capable of sorting lymphocyte-sized particles at 16 times the rate of our single-stream VACS devices, and approximately 10 times the rate of commercial cell sorters for an equivalent procedure. We believe this opens the potential to scale cell sorting for applications requiring the processing of much greater cell numbers than currently possible with conventional cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A. Zhukov
- Cellular Highways Ltd., Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK;
| | - Robyn H. Pritchard
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Mick J. Withers
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Tony Hailes
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Richard D. Gold
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Calum Hayes
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Mette F. la Cour
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Fred Hussein
- TTP PLC, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK; (R.H.P.); (M.J.W.); (T.H.); (R.D.G.); (C.H.); (M.F.l.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Salman Samson Rogers
- Cellular Highways Ltd., Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Cambridgeshire SG8 6EE, UK;
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15
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Berlanda SF, Breitfeld M, Dietsche CL, Dittrich PS. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Technology for Bioanalysis and Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2020; 93:311-331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon F. Berlanda
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Breitfeld
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudius L. Dietsche
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Yang Y, Huang HY, Guo CS. Polarization holographic microscope slide for birefringence imaging of anisotropic samples in microfluidics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:14762-14773. [PMID: 32403511 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Birefringence is an important optical property of anisotropic materials arising from anisotropies of tissue microstructures. Birefringence parameters have been found to be important to understand optical anisotropic architecture of many materials and polarization imaging has been applied in many researches in the field of biology and medicine. Here, we propose a scheme to miniaturize a double-channel polarization holographic interferometer optics to create a polarization holographic microscope slide (P-HMS) suitable for integrating with microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LoC) systems. Based on the P-HMS combined with a simple reconstruction algorithm described in the paper, we can not only simultaneously realize holographic imaging of two orthogonal polarization components of dynamic samples in a microfluidic channel but also quantitative measurement of 2D birefringence information, both including the birefringence phase retardation and optic-axis orientation. This chip interferometer allows for off-axis double-channel polarization digital holographic recording using only a single illumination beam without need of any beam splitter or mirror. Its quasi-common path configuration and self-aligned design also make it tolerant to vibrations and misalignment. This work about the P-HMS could play a positive role in promoting the application of birefringence imaging in microfluidic LoC technology.
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17
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Guzniczak E, Otto O, Whyte G, Chandra T, Robertson NA, Willoughby N, Jimenez M, Bridle H. Purifying stem cell-derived red blood cells: a high-throughput label-free downstream processing strategy based on microfluidic spiral inertial separation and membrane filtration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2032-2045. [PMID: 32100873 PMCID: PMC7383897 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics, such as in vitro manufactured red blood cells (mRBCs), are different to traditional biopharmaceutical products (the final product being the cells themselves as opposed to biological molecules such as proteins) and that presents a challenge of developing new robust and economically feasible manufacturing processes, especially for sample purification. Current purification technologies have limited throughput, rely on expensive fluorescent or magnetic immunolabeling with a significant (up to 70%) cell loss and quality impairment. To address this challenge, previously characterized mechanical properties of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells undergoing in vitro erythropoiesis were used to develop an mRBC purification strategy. The approach consists of two main stages: (a) a microfluidic separation using inertial focusing for deformability-based sorting of enucleated cells (mRBC) from nuclei and nucleated cells resulting in 70% purity and (b) membrane filtration to enhance the purity to 99%. Herein, we propose a new route for high-throughput (processing millions of cells/min and mls of medium/min) purification process for mRBC, leading to high mRBC purity while maintaining cell integrity and no alterations in their global gene expression profile. Further adaption of this separation approach offers a potential route for processing of a wide range of cellular products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Guzniczak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Oliver Otto
- Centre for Innovation Competence - Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Neil A Robertson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Nik Willoughby
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Melanie Jimenez
- Biomedical Engineering Division, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Helen Bridle
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering Edinburgh Campus, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A. Witek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ian M. Freed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044, United States
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19
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Yoon T, Moon HS, Song JW, Hyun KA, Jung HI. Automatically Controlled Microfluidic System for Continuous Separation of Rare Bacteria from Blood. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1135-1144. [PMID: 31637844 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bloodstream infection by microorganisms is a major public health concern worldwide. Millions of people per year suffer from microbial infections, and current blood culture-based diagnostic methods are time-consuming because of the low concentration of infectious microorganisms in the bloodstream. In this study, we introduce an efficient automated microfluidic system for the continuous isolation of rare infectious bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) from blood. Bacteria received a balanced force between a fluidic drag force and a periodically controlled dielectrophoretic (DEP) force from tilted electrodes to minimize cell adhesion to the electrodes, which prevented the loss of rare infectious bacteria. Target bacteria were efficiently segregated from the undesired blood cells to ensure that only the bacteria received the DEP force under the hypotonic condition, while the blood cells received no DEP force and exited the channel via a laminar flow. Thus, the bacteria were successfully extracted from the blood with a high recovery yield of 91.3%, and the limit of the bacteria concentration for isolation was 100 cfu/ml. We also developed an automated system that performed every step from blood-sample loading to application of electricity to the microfluidic chip for bacteria separation. It reduced the standard deviation of the bacteria recovery yield from 6.16 to 2.77 compared with the conventional batch process, providing stable bacteria-extraction performance and minimizing errors and bacteria loss caused by user mistakes. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehee Yoon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Sung Moon
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hyun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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