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Xiao Y, Zhou M, Liu C, Gao S, Wan C, Li S, Dai C, Du W, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Fully integrated and automated centrifugal microfluidic chip for point-of-care multiplexed molecular diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 255:116240. [PMID: 38554576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Public health events caused by pathogens have imposed significant economic and societal burdens. However, conventional methods still face challenges including complex operations, the need for trained operators, and sophisticated instruments. Here, we proposed a fully integrated and automated centrifugal microfluidic chip, also termed IACMC, for point-of-care multiplexed molecular diagnostics by harnessing the advantages of active and passive valves. The IACMC incorporates multiple essential components including a pneumatic balance module for sequential release of multiple reagents, a pneumatic centrifugation-assisted module for on-demand solution release, an on-chip silicon membrane module for nucleic acid extraction, a Coriolis force-mediated fluid switching module, and an amplification module. Numerical simulation and visual validation were employed to iterate and optimize the chip's structure. Upon sample loading, the chip automatically executes the entire process of bacterial sample lysis, nucleic acid capture, elution quantification, and isothermal LAMP amplification. By optimizing crucial parameters including centrifugation speed, direction of rotation, and silicone membrane thickness, the chip achieves exceptional sensitivity (twenty-five Salmonella or forty Escherichia coli) and specificity in detecting Escherichia coli and Salmonella within 40 min. The development of IACMC will drive advancements in centrifugal microfluidics for point-of-care testing and holds potential for broader applications in precision medicine including high-throughput biochemical analysis immune diagnostics, and drug susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518116, China
| | - Mengfan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Changgen Liu
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518116, China
| | - Siyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chenxi Dai
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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2
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Li S, Wan C, Xiao Y, Liu C, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Wu L, Qian C, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Multiple on-line active valves based centrifugal microfluidics for dynamic solid-phase enrichment and purification of viral nucleic acid. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3158-3168. [PMID: 38787694 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Point of care testing (POCT) of nucleic acids holds significant importance in the realm of infectious disease prevention and control, as well as the advancement of personalized precision medicine. Nevertheless, conventional nucleic acid testing methods continue to face challenges such as prolonged detection times and dependence on extensive specialized equipment and personnel, rendering them unsuitable for point of care applications. Here, we proposed an innovative active centrifugal microfluidic system (ACMS) for automatic nucleic acid extraction, encompassing modules for active valve control and magnetic control. An on-chip centrifugal puncture valve (PV) was devised based on the elastic tolerance differences between silicone membranes and tinfoils to release pre-embedded liquid reagents on demand. Furthermore, we have utilized the returnable valve (RV) technology to accurately control the retention and release of liquids, leveraging the high elastic tolerance of the silicone membrane. By incorporating an online controllable magnetic valve, we have achieved controlled and rapid aggregation and dispersion of magnetic beads. The final chip encapsulates multiple reagents and magnetic beads necessary for nucleic acid extraction. Upon sample addition and loading into the instrument, automated on-chip sample loading and nucleic acid extraction, purification, and collection can be accomplished within 30 minutes, halving the overall operation time and even increasing the efficiency of pseudovirus extraction by three orders of magnitude. Consequently, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR amplification has successfully detected multiple targets of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (with an impressive detection limit as low as 10 copies per μL), along with targeted sequencing analysis yielding a conformity rate of 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yujin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Changgen Liu
- Department of Reagent Research and Development, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Liqiang Wu
- Department of Reagent Research and Development, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chungen Qian
- Department of Reagent Research and Development, Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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3
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Qian C, Li P, Wang J, Hong X, Zhao X, Wu L, Miao Z, Du W, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. Centrifugo-Pneumatic Reciprocating Flowing Coupled with a Spatial Confinement Strategy for an Ultrafast Multiplexed Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7145-7154. [PMID: 38656793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunoassays serve as powerful diagnostic tools for early disease screening, process monitoring, and precision treatment. However, the current methods are limited by high costs, prolonged processing times (>2 h), and operational complexities that hinder their widespread application in point-of-care testing. Here, we propose a novel centrifugo-pneumatic reciprocating flowing coupled with spatial confinement strategy, termed PRCM, for ultrafast multiplexed immunoassay of pathogens on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. Each chip consists of four replicated units; each unit allows simultaneous detection of three targets, thereby facilitating high-throughput parallel analysis of multiple targets. The PRCM platform enables sequential execution of critical steps such as solution mixing, reaction, and drainage by coordinating inherent parameters, including motor rotation speed, rotation direction, and acceleration/deceleration. By integrating centrifugal-mediated pneumatic reciprocating flow with spatial confinement strategies, we significantly reduce the duration of immune binding from 30 to 5 min, enabling completion of the entire testing process within 20 min. As proof of concept, we conducted a simultaneous comparative test on- and off-the-microfluidics using 12 negative and positive clinical samples. The outcomes yielded 100% accuracy in detecting the presence or absence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thus highlighting the potential of our PRCM system for multiplexed point-of-care immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Pengjie Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Xianzhe Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- Shenzhen YHLO Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Zeyu Miao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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4
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Chen W, Wang P, Li B. Experimental Study on SPR Array Sensing Chip Integrated with Microvalves. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2540. [PMID: 38676157 PMCID: PMC11054027 DOI: 10.3390/s24082540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper discusses a microfluidic system designed for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing, incorporating integrated microvalves. This system is built from a layered structure of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The functionality of the microvalves is verified through a conductance method involving electrodes positioned at the microfluidic channels' inlets and outlets. These microvalves can fully close at a control pressure of 0.3 MPa, with their operation depending on the duration of the applied pressure. The study further explores the coordinated operation of multiple microvalves to regulate the sequential flow of samples and reagents in the system. In SPR detection experiments, the microfluidic system is integrated with an SPR array sensing system to control the injection of NaCl solutions via the microvalves, and the observation of phase change curves in different chip regions are observed. The findings validate the microvalves' dependability and suitability for use in SPR array sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Chen
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Institute of Tsinghua, Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou 510530, China
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5
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Futami M, Naito H, Ninomiya S, Chen LC, Iwano T, Yoshimura K, Ukita Y. Automated sample preparation for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry based on CLOCK-controlled autonomous centrifugal microfluidics. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:22. [PMID: 38592604 PMCID: PMC11003918 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We report a centrifugal microfluidic device that automatically performs sample preparation under steady-state rotation for clinical applications using mass spectrometry. The autonomous microfluidic device was designed for the control of liquid operation on centrifugal hydrokinetics (CLOCK) paradigm. The reported device was highly stable, with less than 7% variation with respect to the time of each unit operation (sample extraction, mixing, and supernatant extraction) in the preparation process. An agitation mechanism with bubbling was used to mix the sample and organic solvent in this device. We confirmed that the device effectively removed the protein aggregates from the sample, and the performance was comparable to those of conventional manual sample preparation procedures that use high-speed centrifugation. In addition, probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PESI-MS) was performed to compare the device-treated and manually treated samples. The obtained PESI-MS spectra were analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis, and the preparation capability of the device was found to be equivalent to that of the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Futami
- Department of Engineering, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Naito
- Department of Engineering, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Lee Chuin Chen
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Iwano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ukita
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, 400-8510, Japan.
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Bae SJ, Lee SJ, Im DJ. Simultaneous Separating, Splitting, Collecting, and Dispensing by Droplet Pinch-Off for Droplet Cell Culture. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309062. [PMID: 38009759 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous separating, splitting, collecting, and dispensing a cell suspension droplet has been demonstrated by aspiration and subsequent droplet pinch-off for use in microfluidic droplet cell culture systems. This method is applied to cell manipulations including aliquots and concentrations of microalgal and mammalian cell suspensions. Especially, medium exchange of spheroid droplets is successfully demonstrated by collecting more than 99% of all culture medium without damaging the spheroids, demonstrating its potential for a 3D cell culture system. Through dimensional analysis and systematic parametric studies, it is found that initial mother droplet size together with aspiration flow rate determines three droplet pinch-off regimes. By observing contact angle changes during aspiration, the difference in the large and the small droplet pinch-off can be quantitatively explained using force balance. It is found that the capillary number plays a significant role in droplet pinch-off, but the Bond number and the Ohnesorge number have minor effects. Since the dispensed droplet size is mainly determined by the capillary number, the dispensed droplet size can be controlled simply by adjusting the aspiration flow rate. It is hoped that this method can contribute to various fields using droplets, such as droplet cell culture and digital microfluidics, beyond the generation of small droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, (48513) 45, Korea
| | - Seon Jun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, (48513) 45, Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, (48513) 45, Korea
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7
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Niebling L, Nitzsche R, Sieksmeyer T, Haskamp V, Kissenkötter J, Abd El Wahed A, Teufel T, Hermann H, Paust N, Homann AR. Fast and on-site animal species identification in processed meat via centrifugal microfluidics and isothermal amplification. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:975-984. [PMID: 38284233 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01103h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel centrifugal microfluidic approach to rapidly identify animal species in meat products. The workflow requires a centrifugal cartridge for DNA extraction and for preparation of a recombinant polymerase amplification (RPA) reaction, a programmable centrifuge for processing the cartridge and an isothermal reader to perform the RPA. Liquid reagents are pre-stored on the cartridge and the meat sample can be added directly without any pre-treatment. With this system, we are able to identify six different animal species in a single run within one hour. In pork salami containing horse, turkey, sheep, chicken and beef meat, it was possible to identify species levels as low as 0.01%. In beef salami and cooked pork sausages 0.1% of foreign meat could be detected. This novel workflow enables rapid and sensitive species identification in processed meat at the point of need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Niebling
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ramona Nitzsche
- DIL German Institute of Food Technologies, Quakenbrueck, Germany
| | | | - Vera Haskamp
- DIL German Institute of Food Technologies, Quakenbrueck, Germany
| | - Jonas Kissenkötter
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abd El Wahed
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana R Homann
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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8
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Qian C, Wan C, Li S, Xiao Y, Yuan H, Gao S, Wu L, Zhou M, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. On-Line Dual-Active Valves Based Centrifugal Microfluidic Chip for Fully Automated Point-of-Care Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12521-12531. [PMID: 37556853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need for a fully integrated microfluidic platform that can automatically perform multistep and multireagent immunoassays. Here, we proposed a novel online dual-active valve-based centrifugal microfluidic chip, termed DAVM, for fully automatic point-of-care immunoassay. Practically, the puncture valve, one of the dual active valves, is capable of achieving precise, on-demand, sequential release of prestored reagents, while the other valve-reversible active valve enables controlled retention and drainage of the reaction solutions. Thereby, our technology mitigates the challenges of hydrophilic/hydrophobic modifications and unstable valve control performance commonly observed in passive valve controls. As a proof of concept, the indirect enzymatic immunoblotting technique was employed on DAVM for fully automated immunological analysis of eight targets, yielding outcomes within an hour. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis of 28 clinical samples with autoimmune diseases. According to 224 clinical data, the sample testing concordance rate between DAVM and the traditional instrument was 82%, with a target compliance rate of 97%. Therefore, our DAVM system has powerful potential for fully automated immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yujin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengfan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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9
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Peshin S, Madou M, Kulinsky L. Integrating Bio-Sensing Array with Blood Plasma Separation on a Centrifugal Platform. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1710. [PMID: 36772748 PMCID: PMC9920851 DOI: 10.3390/s23031710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous immunoassays have been successfully integrated on disc-based centrifugal platforms (CDs) over the last 20 years. These CD devices can be used as portable point-of-care (POC) platforms with sample-to-answer capabilities where bodily fluids such as whole blood can be used as samples directly without pre-processing. In order to use whole blood as a sample on CDs, centrifugation is used to separate red blood cells from plasma on CDs. There are several techniques for using specific fluidic patterns in the centrifugal fluidic network, such as reciprocation, that enhances the sensitivity of the immunoassays, including those using microarray antigen membranes. Present work demonstrates, for the first time, simultaneous integration of blood plasma separation (BPS) and reciprocation on the CD platform. The integrated design allows plasma that is separated from the red blood cells in a sedimentation chamber to flow into the reciprocation chamber via a narrow connecting channel of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm cross-section. Due to the small cross-section of the connecting channel, there is no inflow of the red blood cell into the reciprocation chamber during subsequent fluidic operations of the CD. While no inflow of the red blood cells into the reciprocation chamber was observed, the conditions of 20 g jerk acceleration were also simulated in ANSYS finite element analysis software, and it was found that the CD design that was used is capable of retaining red blood cells in the sedimentation chamber. Experimentally, the isolation of red blood cells in the sedimentation chamber was confirmed using the ImageJ image processor to detect the visible color-based separation of the plasma from the blood. A fluorescent analyte testing on the bio-sensing array of the presented novel integrated design and on the standard reciprocation design CD was conducted for 7 min of reciprocation in each case. The test analyte was Europium Streptavidin Polystyrene analyte (10-3 mg/mL) and the microarray consisted of Biotin bovine serum albumin (BSA) dots. The fluorescent signals for the standard and integrated designs were nearly identical (within the margin of error) for the first several minutes of reciprocation, but the fluorescent signal for the integrated design was significantly higher when the reciprocation time was increased to 7 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehan Peshin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Lawrence Kulinsky
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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10
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Li P, Xiong H, Yang B, Jiang X, Kong J, Fang X. Recent progress in CRISPR-based microfluidic assays and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Xiao B, Zhao R, Wang N, Zhang J, Sun X, Chen A. Recent advances in centrifugal microfluidic chip-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Hwu AT, Madadelahi M, Nakajima R, Shamloo E, Perebikovsky A, Kido H, Jain A, Jasinskas A, Prange S, Felgner P, Madou M. Centrifugal disc liquid reciprocation flow considerations for antibody binding to COVID antigen array during microfluidic integration. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2695-2706. [PMID: 35737382 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous immunoassays (HI) are an invaluable tool for biomarker detection and remain an ideal candidate for microfluidic point-of-care diagnostics. However, automating and controlling sustained fluid flow from benchtop to microfluidics for the HI reaction during the extended sample incubation step, remains difficult to implement; this leads to challenges for assay integration and assay result interpretation. To address these issues, we investigated the liquid reciprocation process on a microfluidic centrifugal disc (CD) to generate continuous, bidirectional fluid flow using only a rotating motor. Large volumetric flow rates (μL s-1) through the HI reaction chamber were sustained for extended durations (up to 1 h). The CD liquid reciprocation operating behavior was characterized experimentally and simulated to determine fluid flow shear rates through our HI reaction chamber. We demonstrated the continuous CD liquid reciprocation for target molecule incubation for a microarray HI and that higher fluid shear rates negatively influenced our fluorescence intensity. We highlight the importance of proper fluid flow considerations when integrating HIs with microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Hwu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 6000 Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering Building, Irvine, CA 92617-2580, USA.
| | - Masoud Madadelahi
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
| | - Rie Nakajima
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Ehsan Shamloo
- Autonomous Medical Devices Incorporated, 3511 Sunflower Avenue, Santa Ana, CA 92704, USA
| | - Alexandra Perebikovsky
- Autonomous Medical Devices Incorporated, 3511 Sunflower Avenue, Santa Ana, CA 92704, USA
| | - Horacio Kido
- Autonomous Medical Devices Incorporated, 3511 Sunflower Avenue, Santa Ana, CA 92704, USA
| | - Aarti Jain
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Shawna Prange
- Grace Bio Labs, 1015 Emkay Drive, Bend, Oregon 97702, USA
| | - Philip Felgner
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 6000 Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering Building, Irvine, CA 92617-2580, USA.
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico
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13
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Johannsen B, Baumgartner D, Karkossa L, Paust N, Karpíšek M, Bostanci N, Zengerle R, Mitsakakis K. ImmunoDisk—A Fully Automated Bead-Based Immunoassay Cartridge with All Reagents Pre-Stored. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060413. [PMID: 35735560 PMCID: PMC9221266 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the ImmunoDisk, a fully automated sample-to-answer centrifugal microfluidic cartridge, integrating a heterogeneous, wash-free, magnetic- and fluorescent bead-based immunoassay (bound-free phase detection immunoassay/BFPD-IA). The BFPD-IA allows the implementation of a simple fluidic structure, where the assay incubation, bead separation and detection are performed in the same chamber. The system was characterized using a C-reactive protein (CRP) competitive immunoassay. A parametric investigation on air drying of protein-coupled beads for pre-storage at room temperature is presented. The key parameters were buffer composition, drying temperature and duration. A protocol for drying two different types of protein-coupled beads with the same temperature and duration using different drying buffers is presented. The sample-to-answer workflow was demonstrated measuring CRP in 5 µL of human serum, without prior dilution, utilizing only one incubation step, in 20 min turnaround time, in the clinically relevant concentration range of 15–115 mg/L. A reproducibility assessment over three disk batches revealed an average signal coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.8 ± 1.3%. A CRP certified reference material was used for method verification with a concentration CV of 8.6%. Our results encourage future testing of the CRP-ImmunoDisk in clinical studies and its point-of-care implementation in many diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Johannsen
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
| | - Desirée Baumgartner
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Lena Karkossa
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Michal Karpíšek
- BioVendor-Laboratorní Medicína a.s., Research & Diagnostic Products Division, Karasek 1767/1, Reckovice, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14104 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (L.K.); (N.P.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (K.M.); Tel.: +49-761-203-7252 (B.J.); +49-761-203-73252 (K.M.)
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14
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Liu Y, Kulinsky L, Shiri R, Madou M. Elastic membrane enabled inward pumping for liquid manipulation on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:034105. [PMID: 35607410 PMCID: PMC9123944 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, centrifugal microfluidic platforms are finding wider acceptance for implementing point-of-care assays due to the simplicity of the controls, the versatility of the fluidic operations, and the ability to create a self-enclosed system, thus minimizing the risk of contamination for either the sample or surroundings. Despite these advantages, one of the inherent weaknesses of CD microfluidics is that all the sequential fluidic chambers and channels must be positioned radially since the centrifugal force acts from the center of the disk outward. Implementation of schemes where the liquid can be rerouted from the disk periphery to the disk center would significantly increase the utility of CD platforms and increase the rational utilization of the real estate on the disk. The present study outlines a novel utilization of elastic membranes covering fluidic chambers to implement inward pumping whereby the fluid is returned from the disk periphery to the center of the disk. When the disk revolves at an angular velocity of 3600 rpm, liquid enters the chamber covered by the elastic membrane. This membrane is deflected upward by liquid, storing energy like a compressed spring. When the angular velocity of the disk is reduced to 180 rpm and thus the centrifugal force is diminished, the elastic membrane pushes the liquid from the chamber inward, closer to the center of the disk. There are two channels leading from the elastic membrane-covered reservoir-one channel has a higher fluidic resistance and the other (wider) has a lower fluidic resistance. The geometry of these two channels determines the fluidic path inward (toward the center of the disk). Most of the liquid travels through the recirculating channel with lower resistance. We demonstrated an inward pumping efficiency in the range of 78%-89%. Elastic membrane-driven inward pumping was demonstrated for the application of enhanced fluid mixing. Additionally, to demonstrate the utility of the proposed pumping mechanism for multi-step assays on the disk, we implemented and tested a disk design that combines plasma separation and inward pumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92707, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Lawrence Kulinsky
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Roya Shiri
- Autonomous Medical Devices Inc., Inglewood, California 90304, USA
| | - Marc Madou
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhou A, Chen S, Lum GZ, Zhang X. A perspective on magnetic microfluidics: Towards an intelligent future. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:011301. [PMID: 35069962 PMCID: PMC8769766 DOI: 10.1063/5.0079464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic microfluidics has been gradually recognized as an area of its own. Both conventional microfluidic platforms have incorporated magnetic actuation for microfluidic operation and microscale object manipulation. Nonetheless, there is still much room for improvement after decades of development. In this Perspective, we first provide a quick review of existing magnetic microfluidic platforms with a focus on the magnetic tools and actuation mechanisms. Next, we discuss several emerging technologies, including magnetic microrobots, additive manufacture, and artificial intelligence, and their potential application in the future development of magnetic microfluidics. We believe that these technologies can eventually inspire highly functional magnetic tools for microfluidic manipulation and coordinated microfluidic control at the system level, which eventually drives magnetic microfluidics into an intelligent system for automated experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ;
and
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Songlin Chen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guo Zhan Lum
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ;
and
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ;
and
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16
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Yin M, Alexander Kim Z, Xu B. Micro/Nanofluidic‐Enabled Biomedical Devices: Integration of Structural Design and Manufacturing. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Yin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Zachary Alexander Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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17
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Ducrée J. Systematic review of centrifugal valving based on digital twin modeling towards highly integrated lab-on-a-disc systems. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:104. [PMID: 34987859 PMCID: PMC8677742 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Current, application-driven trends towards larger-scale integration (LSI) of microfluidic systems for comprehensive assay automation and multiplexing pose significant technological and economical challenges to developers. By virtue of their intrinsic capability for powerful sample preparation, centrifugal systems have attracted significant interest in academia and business since the early 1990s. This review models common, rotationally controlled valving schemes at the heart of such "Lab-on-a-Disc" (LoaD) platforms to predict critical spin rates and reliability of flow control which mainly depend on geometries, location and liquid volumes to be processed, and their experimental tolerances. In absence of larger-scale manufacturing facilities during product development, the method presented here facilitates efficient simulation tools for virtual prototyping and characterization and algorithmic design optimization according to key performance metrics. This virtual in silico approach thus significantly accelerates, de-risks and lowers costs along the critical advancement from idea, layout, fluidic testing, bioanalytical validation, and scale-up to commercial mass manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Ducrée
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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A portable centrifugal genetic analyzer for multiplex detection of feline upper respiratory tract disease pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113546. [PMID: 34391176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a portable genetic analyzer with an integrated centrifugal disc which is equipped with a glass-filter extraction column for purifying nucleic acid (NA) and multiple reaction chambers for analyzing major feline upper respiratory tract disease (FURTD) pathogens. We targeted four kinds of FURTD including Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV), Mycoplasma felis (MPF), Bordetella bronchiseptica (BDB), and Chlamydophila felis (CDF). The portable genetic analyzer consists of a spinning motor, two pairs of Peltier heaters, two Minco heater, fluorescent optics, a touchscreen, and software for data analysis, so loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be performed. The overall size of the genetic analyzer was 28 cm × 28 cm × 26 cm and the weight was 10 kg, which was deliverable for point-of-care testing (POCT). Owing to the sophisticated microchannel design and spinning program, the serial injection of the sample solution, the washing solution, and the elution solution was executed through a glass filter membrane for nucleic acid (NA) extraction, and then the cocktail with the purified genome was aliquoted into 9 reaction chambers for LAMP or PCR. The whole process for the LAMP reaction or the PCR was completed within 1.5 h. The fluorescence profiles by a scanning mode showed the matched results between the LAMP and the PCR.
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19
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Hess JF, Hess ME, Zengerle R, Paust N, Boerries M, Hutzenlaub T. Automated library preparation for whole genome sequencing by centrifugal microfluidics. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1182:338954. [PMID: 34602197 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing is evolving from a research tool into a method applied in diagnostic routine. The complete sequencing workflow includes sample pre-processing, library preparation, sequencing and bioinformatics. High quality in each of these steps is necessary to obtain excellent sequencing results. The tedious and error-prone library preparation poses a significant challenge for smaller laboratories, where high throughput pipetting robots are not cost-effective. Here we present an automated library preparation for whole genome sequencing using centrifugal microfluidics. Two samples can be run per cartridge. Precise metering of reagents allows the required liquid volumes to be reduced by 40% and the amount of sample used by 60%. The functionality of the cartridge is demonstrated with bacteria and DNA extracted from a human FFPE sample. For the bacterial sample, mean sequencing depths from 140 to 183 reads and a coverage of 99.8% of the reference genome were detected. For the human DNA, mean sequencing depths of 4.4-5.7 reads and a coverage of 78.2% of the effective reference genome were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Friedrich Hess
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Maria Elena Hess
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hutzenlaub
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany; Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Design Optimization of Centrifugal Microfluidic “Lab-on-a-Disc” Systems towards Fluidic Larger-Scale Integration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the degree of functional multiplexing while assuring operational reliability and manufacturability at competitive costs are crucial ingredients for enabling comprehensive sample-to-answer automation, e.g., for use in common, decentralized “Point-of-Care” or “Point-of-Use” scenarios. This paper demonstrates a model-based “digital twin” approach, which efficiently supports the algorithmic design optimization of exemplary centrifugo-pneumatic (CP) dissolvable-film (DF) siphon valves toward larger-scale integration (LSI) of well-established “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) systems. Obviously, the spatial footprint of the valves and their upstream laboratory unit operations (LUOs) have to fit, at a given radial position prescribed by its occurrence in the assay protocol, into the locally accessible disc space. At the same time, the retention rate of a rotationally actuated CP-DF siphon valve and, most challengingly, its band width related to unavoidable tolerances of experimental input parameters need to slot into a defined interval of the practically allowed frequency envelope. To accomplish particular design goals, a set of parametrized metrics is defined, which are to be met within their practical boundaries while (numerically) minimizing the band width in the frequency domain. While each LSI scenario needs to be addressed individually on the basis of the digital twin, a suite of qualitative design rules and instructive showcases structures are presented.
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21
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Klatt JN, Schwarz I, Hutzenlaub T, Zengerle R, Schwemmer F, Kosse D, Vincent J, Scaer M, Franaszczuk K, Wadsworth D, Paust N. Miniaturization, Parallelization, and Automation of Endotoxin Detection by Centrifugal Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8508-8516. [PMID: 34100587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate microfluidic automation and parallelization of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)-based bacterial endotoxin testing using centrifugal microfluidics. LAL is the standard reagent to test for endotoxin contaminations in injectable pharmaceuticals. The main features of the introduced system are more than 90% reduction of LAL consumption, from 100 μL/reaction to 9.6 μL/reaction, automated liquid handling to reduce opportunities for contamination and manual handling errors, and microfluidic parallelization by integrating 104 reactions into a single centrifugal microplate. In a single Eclipse microplate, 21 samples and their positive product controls are tested in duplicate. In addition, a standard curve with up to five points is generated, resulting in a total of 104 reactions. Test samples with a defined concentration of 0.5 endotoxin units per milliliter were tested, resulting in a coefficient of variation below 0.75%. A key feature for achieving a small coefficient of variation is ensuring the same path length along the microfluidic channels to the final reaction chambers for each sample and the reagent, so that any unspecific adsorption to the polymer surfaces does not affect the accuracy and precision. Analysis of a sample containing naturally occurring endotoxin with the developed microfluidic microplate yielded comparable results to the conventional testing method. A test with eight commercially available pharmaceuticals was found to pass all requirements for bacterial endotoxin testing as specified in the United States Pharmacopeia. The automated endotoxin testing system reveals specific advantages of centrifugal microfluidics for analytical biochemistry applications. Small liquid volumes are handled (metered, mixed, and aliquoted) in a very precise, highly integrated, and highly parallel manner within mass-fabricated microplates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Klatt
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingmar Schwarz
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hutzenlaub
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schwemmer
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Kosse
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jake Vincent
- Analytical Instruments, SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions, 6060 Spine Road, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Michael Scaer
- Analytical Instruments, SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions, 6060 Spine Road, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Krzysztof Franaszczuk
- Analytical Instruments, SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions, 6060 Spine Road, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - David Wadsworth
- Analytical Instruments, SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions, 6060 Spine Road, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Nils Paust
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Ducrée J. Secure Air Traffic Control at the Hub of Multiplexing on the Centrifugo-Pneumatic Lab-on-a-Disc Platform. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:700. [PMID: 34203926 PMCID: PMC8232791 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluidic larger-scale integration (LSI) resides at the heart of comprehensive sample-to-answer automation and parallelization of assay panels for frequent and ubiquitous bioanalytical testing in decentralized point-of-use/point-of-care settings. This paper develops a novel "digital twin" strategy with an emphasis on rotational, centrifugo-pneumatic flow control. The underlying model systematically connects retention rates of rotationally actuated valves as a key element of LSI to experimental input parameters; for the first time, the concept of band widths in frequency space as the decisive quantity characterizing operational robustness is introduced, a set of quantitative performance metrics guiding algorithmic optimization of disc layouts is defined, and the engineering principles of advanced, logical flow control and timing are elucidated. Overall, the digital twin enables efficient design for automating multiplexed bioassay protocols on such "Lab-on-a-Disc" (LoaD) systems featuring high packing density, reliability, configurability, modularity, and manufacturability to eventually minimize cost, time, and risk of development and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Ducrée
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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23
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Klatt JN, Dinh TJ, Schilling O, Zengerle R, Schmidt F, Hutzenlaub T, Paust N. Automation of peptide desalting for proteomic liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry by centrifugal microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2255-2264. [PMID: 33908535 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For large-scale analysis of complex protein mixtures, liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been proven to be one of the most versatile tools due to its high sensitivity and ability to both identify and quantify thousands of proteins in a single measurement. Sample preparation typically comprises site-specific cleavage of proteins into peptides, followed by desalting and concomitant peptide enrichment, which is commonly performed by solid phase extraction. Desalting workflows may include multiple liquid handling steps and are thus error prone and labour intensive. To improve the reproducibility of sample preparation for low amounts of protein, we present a centrifugal microfluidic disk that automates all liquid handling steps required for peptide desalting by solid phase extraction (DesaltingDisk). Microfluidic implementation was enabled by a novel centrifugal microfluidic dosing on demand structure that enabled mapping multiple washing steps onto a microfluidic disk. Evaluation of the microfluidic disk was performed by LC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic HEK-293 eukaryotic cell peptide mixtures desalted either using the microfluidic disk or a manual workflow. A comparable number of peptides were identified in the disk and manual set with 19 775 and 20 212 identifications, respectively. For a core set of 10 444 peptides that could be quantified in all injections, intensity coefficients of variation were calculated based on label-free quantitation intensities. The disk set featured smaller variability with a median CV of 9.3% compared to the median CV of 12.6% for the manual approach. Intensity CVs on protein level were lowered from 5.8% to 4.2% when using the LabDisk. Interday reproducibility for both workflows was assessed by LC-SRM/MS analysis of samples that were spiked with 11 synthetic peptides of varying hydrophobicity. Except for the most hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides, the average CV was lowered to 3.6% for the samples processed with the disk compared to 7.2% for the manual workflow. The presented centrifugal microfluidic DesaltingDisk demonstrates the potential to improve reproducibility in the sample preparation workflow for proteomic mass spectrometry, especially for application with limited amount of sample material.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-N Klatt
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - T J Dinh
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzle Str. 1, Freiburg, Germany and Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115A, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Schilling
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115A, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - F Schmidt
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - T Hutzenlaub
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - N Paust
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany and Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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24
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Multistory Stairs-based, Fast and Point-of-care Testing for Disease Biomarker Using One-step Capillary Microfluidic Fluoroimmunoassay Chip via Continuous On-chip Labelling. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Wang A, Boroujeni SM, Schneider PJ, Christie LB, Mancuso KA, Andreadis ST, Oh KW. An Integrated Centrifugal Degassed PDMS-Based Microfluidic Device for Serial Dilution. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:482. [PMID: 33922553 PMCID: PMC8145514 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose an integrated serial dilution generator utilizing centrifugal force with a degassed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device. Using gas-soluble PDMS as a centrifugal microfluidic device material, the sample can be dragged in any arbitrary direction using vacuum-driven force, as opposed to in a single direction, without adding further actuation components. The vacuum-driven force allows the device to avoid the formation of air bubbles and exhibit high tolerance in the surface condition. The device was then used for sample metering and sample transferring. In addition, centrifugal force was used for sample loading and sample mixing. In this study, a series of ten-fold serial dilutions ranging from 100 to 10-4 with about 8 μL in each chamber was achieved, while the serial dilution ratio and chamber volume could easily be altered by changing the geometrical designs of the device. As a proof of concept of our hybrid approach with the centrifugal and vacuum-driven forces, ten-fold serial dilutions of a cDNA (complementary DNA) sample were prepared using the device. Then, the diluted samples were collected by fine needles and subject to a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the results were found to be in good agreement with those for samples prepared by manual pipetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyang Wang
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Samaneh Moghadasi Boroujeni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (S.M.B.); (S.T.A.)
| | - Philip J. Schneider
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Liam B. Christie
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Kyle A. Mancuso
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (S.M.B.); (S.T.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kwang W. Oh
- Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab (SMALL), Department of Electrical Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (A.W.); (P.J.S.); (L.B.C.); (K.A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY-Buffalo), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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26
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Homann AR, Niebling L, Zehnle S, Beutler M, Delamotte L, Rothmund MC, Czurratis D, Beller KD, Zengerle R, Hoffmann H, Paust N. A microfluidic cartridge for fast and accurate diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections on standard laboratory equipment. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1540-1548. [PMID: 33625429 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel centrifugal microfluidic approach for fast and accurate tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis based on the use of standard laboratory equipment. The herein presented workflow can directly be integrated into laboratories with standard equipment and automates complex sample preparation. The system consists of a microfluidic cartridge, a laboratory centrifuge and a standard PCR cycler. The cartridge includes all required reagents and automates collection of bacteria on filter membranes, bacterial lysis, nucleic acid extraction and aliquoting of the DNA extract for PCR analysis. We show that storage of the reagents in aluminium-coated pouches is stable during accelerated storage and transport tests. When the limit of detection was assessed, we found that the cartridge-automated workflow consistently detected 10 CFU ml-1 of mycobacteria in spiked sputum samples. First tests with clinical samples showed a 100% specificity for non-TB specimens. In addition, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was re-found in pre-characterized smear microscopy and culture positive sputum samples suggesting a high diagnostic sensitvity. In summary, the novel cartridge-automated workflow enables a flexible and sensitive TB diagnosis without the need to invest in specialized instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Homann
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Niebling
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Zehnle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Beutler
- IML red, WHO Supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Lubov Delamotte
- IML red, WHO Supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hoffmann
- SYNLAB Gauting SYNLAB Human Genetics Munich, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, 82131 Gauting, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Juelg P, Kipf E, Specht M, Fillies M, Eckert C, Paust N, Zengerle R, Lehnert M, Hutzenlaub T. The MRD disk: automated minimal residual disease monitoring by highly sensitive centrifugal microfluidic multiplex qPCR. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:558-570. [PMID: 33319895 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00945h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a proof-of-principle study on automated, highly sensitive and multiplexed qPCR quantification by centrifugal microfluidics. The MRD disk can be used for standardisation of repetitive, longitudinal assays with high requirements on reproducibility and sensitivity, such as cancer monitoring. In contrast to high-throughput qPCR automation by bulky and expensive robotic workstations we employ a small centrifugal microfluidic instrument, addressing the need of low- to mid-throughput applications. As a potential application we demonstrate automated minimum residual disease (MRD) monitoring of prognostic markers in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The disk-workflow covers all aspects of clinical gold standard MRD quantification: generation of standard curves, specificity controls, no template controls and quantification of the ALL patient sample. We integrated a highly sensitive, colorimetric 2-plex analysis of MRD targets, as well as a 2-plex analysis of reference genes, both in parallel and in a single LabDisk cartridge. For this purpose, a systematic procedure for crosstalk- and signal-to-noise-optimisation is introduced, providing a guideline for efficient multiplex readout inside microfluidic platforms. The qPCR standard curves (n = 12/12) generated on-disk reach clinically required linearity (R2 = 98.1% to R2 = 99.8%). In three consecutive MRD disk runs with an ALL patient sample containing the two representative MRD targets VH3D3D5JH3 and VkIkde, we observe high accordance between the on-disk quantifications (48 ± 6 copies/reaction and 69 ± 6 copies/reaction) and the expected concentrations (57 copies/reaction for both targets). In comparison to the clinical gold standard of manually pipetted, singleplex assays, the MRD disk yields comparable limit of quantification (1 × 10-4) in n = 6/6 analyses (vs. n = 4/4 in gold standard) and a limit of detection (1 × 10-5) in n = 6/6 analysis (vs. n = 2/4 in gold standard). The automation reduces the risk of manual liquid handling errors, making the MRD disk an attractive solution to assure reproducibility in moderate-throughput, longitudinal gene quantification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Juelg
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Elena Kipf
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Mara Specht
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marion Fillies
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Eckert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lehnert
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hutzenlaub
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Becherer L, Hess JF, Frischmann S, Bakheit M, Nitschko H, Stinco S, Zitz F, Hofer H, Porro G, Hausladen F, Stock K, Drossart D, Wurm H, Kuhn H, Huber D, Hutzenlaub T, Paust N, Keller M, Strohmeier O, Wadle S, Borst N, Zengerle R, von Stetten F. Point-of-Care System for HTLV-1 Proviral Load Quantification by Digital Mediator Displacement LAMP. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020159. [PMID: 33562822 PMCID: PMC7915047 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a universal point-of-care system for fully automated quantification of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral load, including genomic RNA, based on digital reverse RNA transcription and c-DNA amplification by MD LAMP (mediator displacement loop-mediated isothermal amplification). A disposable microfluidic LabDisk with pre-stored reagents performs automated nucleic acid extraction, reaction setup, emulsification, reverse transcription, digital DNA amplification, and quantitative fluorogenic endpoint detection with universal reporter molecules. Automated nucleic acid extraction from a suspension of HTLV-1-infected CD4+ T-lymphocytes (MT-2 cells) yielded 8 ± 7 viral nucleic acid copies per MT-2 cell, very similar to the manual reference extraction (7 ± 2 nucleic acid copies). Fully automated sample processing from whole blood spiked with MT-2 cells showed a comparable result of 7 ± 3 copies per MT-2 cell after a run time of two hours and 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Becherer
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jacob Friedrich Hess
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans Nitschko
- Department of Virology, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Silvina Stinco
- Department of Virology, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich Zitz
- E.L.T. Kunststofftechnik & Werkzeugbau GmbH, Weidenweg 339, 8240 Friedberg, Austria
| | - Hannes Hofer
- E.L.T. Kunststofftechnik & Werkzeugbau GmbH, Weidenweg 339, 8240 Friedberg, Austria
| | - Giampiero Porro
- Datamed srl, Via Achille Grandi 4/6, 20068 Peschiera Borromeo MI, Italy
| | - Florian Hausladen
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl Stock
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Drossart
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Wurm
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 12, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hanna Kuhn
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- NB Technologies GmbH, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Huber
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hutzenlaub
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark Keller
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Spindiag GmbH, Engesserstraße 4a, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strohmeier
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Spindiag GmbH, Engesserstraße 4a, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Wadle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Volpi AG, Wiesenstrasse 33, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Borst
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix von Stetten
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Lab-on-a-Disc (LoaD) biosensors are increasingly a promising solution for many biosensing applications. In the search for a perfect match between point-of-care (PoC) microfluidic devices and biosensors, the LoaD platform has the potential to be reliable, sensitive, low-cost, and easy-to-use. The present global pandemic draws attention to the importance of rapid sample-to-answer PoC devices for minimising manual intervention and sample manipulation, thus increasing the safety of the health professional while minimising the chances of sample contamination. A biosensor is defined by its ability to measure an analyte by converting a biological binding event to tangible analytical data. With evolving manufacturing processes for both LoaDs and biosensors, it is becoming more feasible to embed biosensors within the platform and/or to pair the microfluidic cartridges with low-cost detection systems. This review considers the basics of the centrifugal microfluidics and describes recent developments in common biosensing methods and novel technologies for fluidic control and automation. Finally, an overview of current devices on the market is provided. This review will guide scientists who want to initiate research in LoaD PoC devices as well as providing valuable reference material to researchers active in the field.
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30
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Hess JF, Kotrová M, Calabrese S, Darzentas N, Hutzenlaub T, Zengerle R, Brüggemann M, Paust N. Automation of Amplicon-Based Library Preparation for Next-Generation Sequencing by Centrifugal Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12833-12841. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Friedrich Hess
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Kotrová
- Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, II. Medical Department, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Langer Segen 8-10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Silvia Calabrese
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikos Darzentas
- Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, II. Medical Department, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Langer Segen 8-10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Hutzenlaub
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Brüggemann
- Unit for Hematological Diagnostics, II. Medical Department, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Langer Segen 8-10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nils Paust
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK-Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Klatt JN, Depke M, Goswami N, Paust N, Zengerle R, Schmidt F, Hutzenlaub T. Tryptic digestion of human serum for proteomic mass spectrometry automated by centrifugal microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2937-2946. [PMID: 32780041 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00530d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has become an important analytical tool for protein research studies to identify, characterise and quantify proteins with unmatched sensitivity in a highly parallel manner. When transferred into clinical routine, the cumbersome and error-prone sample preparation workflows present a major bottleneck. In this work, we demonstrate tryptic digestion of human serum that is fully automated by centrifugal microfluidics. The automated workflow comprises denaturation, digestion and acidification. The input sample volume is 1.3 μl only. A triplicate of human serum was digested with the developed microfluidic chip as well as with a manual reference workflow on three consecutive days to assess the performance of our system. After desalting and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, a total of 604 proteins were identified in the samples digested with the microfluidic chip and 602 proteins with the reference workflow. Protein quantitation was performed using the Hi3 method, yielding a 7.6% lower median intensity CV for automatically digested samples compared to samples digested with the reference workflow. Additionally, 17% more proteins were quantitated with less than 30% CV in the samples from the microfluidic chip, compared to the manual control samples. This improvement can be attributed to the accurate liquid metering with all volume CVs below 1.5% on the microfluidic chip. The presented automation solution is attractive for laboratories in need of robust automation of sample preparation from small volumes as well as for labs with a low or medium throughput that does not allow for large investments in robotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-N Klatt
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Schulz M, Calabrese S, Hausladen F, Wurm H, Drossart D, Stock K, Sobieraj AM, Eichenseher F, Loessner MJ, Schmelcher M, Gerhardts A, Goetz U, Handel M, Serr A, Haecker G, Li J, Specht M, Koch P, Meyer M, Tepper P, Rother R, Jehle M, Wadle S, Zengerle R, von Stetten F, Paust N, Borst N. Point-of-care testing system for digital single cell detection of MRSA directly from nasal swabs. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2549-2561. [PMID: 32568322 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present an automated point-of-care testing (POCT) system for rapid detection of species- and resistance markers in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at the level of single cells, directly from nasal swab samples. Our novel system allows clear differentiation between MRSA, methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS), which is not the case for currently used real-time quantitative PCR based systems. On top, the novel approach outcompetes the culture-based methods in terms of its short time-to-result (1 h vs. up to 60 h) and reduces manual labor. The walk-away test is fully automated on the centrifugal microfluidic LabDisk platform. The LabDisk cartridge comprises the unit operations swab-uptake, reagent pre-storage, distribution of the sample into 20 000 droplets, specific enzymatic lysis of Staphylococcus spp. and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) of species (vicK) - and resistance (mecA) -markers. LabDisk actuation, incubation and multi-channel fluorescence detection is demonstrated with a clinical isolate and spiked nasal swab samples down to a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 ± 0.3 CFU μl-1 for MRSA. The novel approach of the digital single cell detection is suggested to improve hospital admission screening, timely decision making, and goal-oriented antibiotic therapy. The implementation of a higher degree of multiplexing is required to translate the results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schulz
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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33
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Madadelahi M, Acosta-Soto LF, Hosseini S, Martinez-Chapa SO, Madou MJ. Mathematical modeling and computational analysis of centrifugal microfluidic platforms: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1318-1357. [PMID: 32242566 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00775j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidic platforms or lab-on-discs (LODs) have evolved into a popular technology for automating chemical and biological assays. LODs today enable scientists to implement and integrate different operational units, including fluid mixing, droplet generation, cell-sorting, gene amplification, analyte detection, and so forth. For an efficient design and cost-effective implementation of any microfluidic device, including LODs, theoretical analysis and considerations should play a more important role than they currently do. The theoretical analysis we will show is especially essential to the investigation of detailed phenomena at the small length scales and high-speed typical for LODs where a wide range of forces may be involved. Previous LOD review papers presented mostly experimental results with theory as an afterthought. Hence, a review paper focused on the theoretical aspects, and associated computational studies of LOD devices is an urgent need. In the present review paper, all previous computational studies on LOD devices are categorized as single-phase flows, two-phase flows, network simulation, and solids. For each of these categories, the governing equations and important formulas are presented and explained. Moreover, a handy scaling analysis is introduced to aid scientists when comparing different competing forces in LOD devices. We hope that by surveying and contrasting various theoretical LOD studies, we shed some light on existing controversies and reveal where additional theoretical work is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Madadelahi
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico.
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34
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Rombach M, Hin S, Specht M, Johannsen B, Lüddecke J, Paust N, Zengerle R, Roux L, Sutcliffe T, Peham JR, Herz C, Panning M, Donoso Mantke O, Mitsakakis K. RespiDisk: a point-of-care platform for fully automated detection of respiratory tract infection pathogens in clinical samples. Analyst 2020; 145:7040-7047. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The RespiDisk platform for automated detection of multiple viral and bacterial respiratory tract infection pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nils Paust
- Hahn-Schickard
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
| | - Louis Roux
- LifeAssay Diagnostics (Pty) Ltd
- 7945 Cape Town
- South Africa
| | | | - Johannes R. Peham
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology
- Molecular Diagnostics
- Center for Health and Bioresources
- 1210 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Christopher Herz
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology
- Molecular Diagnostics
- Center for Health and Bioresources
- 1210 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology
- Medical Center – University of Freiburg
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg
| | - Oliver Donoso Mantke
- Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD)
- Unit 5
- Technology Terrace
- Glasgow G20 0XA Scotland
- UK
| | - Konstantinos Mitsakakis
- Hahn-Schickard
- 79110 Freiburg
- Germany
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering
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Espulgar W, Tadokoro T, Tamiya E, Saito M. Utility of Centrifugation-Controlled Convective (C3) Flow for Rapid On-chip ELISA. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20150. [PMID: 31882905 PMCID: PMC6934823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Miniaturizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocols in microfluidics is sought after by researchers for a rapid, high throughput screening, on-site diagnosis, and ease in operation for detection and quantification of biomarkers. Herein, we report the use of the centrifugation-controlled convective (C3) flow as an alternative method in fluid flow control in a ring-structured channel for enhanced on-chip ELISA. A system that consists of a rotating heater stage and a microfluidic disk chip has been developed and demonstrated to detect IgA. The ring-structured channel was partially filled with microbeads (250 µm in diameter) carrying the capture antibodies and the analyte solution was driven by thermal convection flow (50 µL/min) to promote the reaction. The remaining part of the circular channel without microbeads served as the observation area to measure the absorbance value of the labeled protein. Currently, the system is capable of conducting four reactions in parallel and can be performed within 30 min at 300 G. A detection limit of 6.16 ng/mL using 24 µL of target sample (IgA) was observed. By simply changing the capture antibodies, the system is expected to be versatile for other immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Espulgar
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tadokoro
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan. .,AIST, PhotoBIO-OIL, Photonics Center Osaka University P3 Bldg, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
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