1
|
Kang JX, Zhao GK, Yang XM, Huang MX, Hui WQ, Zeng R, Ouyang Q. Recent advances on dual inhibitors targeting HIV reverse transcriptase associated polymerase and ribonuclease H. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115196. [PMID: 36787657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase (RT) plays an indispensable role in the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through its associated polymerase and ribonuclease H (RNase H) activities during the viral RNA genome transformation into proviral DNA. Due to the fact that HIV is a highly mutagenic virus and easily resistant to single-target RT inhibitors, dual inhibitors targeting HIV RT associated polymerase and RNase H have been developed. These dual inhibitors have the advantages of increasing efficacy, reducing drug resistance, drug-drug interactions, and cytotoxicity, as well as improving patient compliance. In this review, we summarize recent advances in polymerase/RNase H dual inhibitors focusing on drug design strategies, and structure-activity relationships and share new insights into developing anti-HIV drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiong Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Armed Police Forces Hospital of Sichuan, 614000, Leshan, China
| | - Guang-Kuan Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Mou-Xin Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Fifth Hospital, Xian, 710082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gazquez Casals A, Berkowitz AJ, Yu AJ, Waters HE, Schiavone DV, Kapkayeva DM, Morrison LA, Murelli RP. Antiviral activity of amide-appended α-hydroxytropolones against herpes simplex virus-1 and -2. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8743-8752. [PMID: 36936842 PMCID: PMC10016935 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Hydroxytropolones (αHTs) have potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in cell culture, including against acyclovir-resistant mutants, and as a result have the potential to be developed as antiviral drugs targeting these viruses. We recently described a convenient final-step amidation strategy to their synthesis, and this was used to generate 57 amide-substituted αHTs that were tested against hepatitis B virus. The following manuscript describes the evaluation of this library against HSV-1, as well as a subset against HSV-2. The structure-function analysis obtained from these studies demonstrates the importance of lipophilicity and rigidity to αHT-based anti-HSV potency, consistent with our prior work on smaller libraries. We used this information to synthesize and test a targeted library of 4 additional amide-appended αHTs. The most potent of this new series had a 50% effective concentration (EC50) for viral inhibition of 72 nM, on par with the most potent αHT antivirals we have found to date. Given the ease of synthesis of amide-appended αHTs, this new class of antiviral compounds and the chemistry to make them should be highly valuable in future anti-HSV drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Gazquez Casals
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Alex J Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York Brooklyn NY USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York New York NY USA
| | - Alice J Yu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Hope E Waters
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Daniel V Schiavone
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York Brooklyn NY USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York New York NY USA
| | - Diana M Kapkayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York Brooklyn NY USA
| | - Lynda A Morrison
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York Brooklyn NY USA
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York New York NY USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York New York NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zangi M, Donald KA, Casals AG, Franson AD, Yu AJ, Marker EM, Woodson ME, Campbell SD, Mottaleb MA, Narayana Hajay Kumar TV, Reddy MS, Raghava Reddy LV, Sadhukhan SK, Griggs DW, Morrison LA, Meyers MJ. Synthetic derivatives of the antifungal drug ciclopirox are active against herpes simplex virus 2. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114443. [PMID: 35635945 PMCID: PMC11103786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that the anti-fungal drug ciclopirox olamine effectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2. Given the rise of HSV strains that are resistant to nucleos(t)ide analog treatment, as well as the incomplete efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogs, new inhibitory compounds must be explored for potential use in the treatment of HSV infection. In the present study, we analyzed 44 compounds derived from the core structure of ciclopirox olamine for inhibitory activity against HSV. Thirteen of these derivative compounds inhibited HSV-2 replication by > 1000- to ∼100,000-fold at 1 μM and displayed EC50 values lower than that of acyclovir, as well as low cytotoxicity, indicating their strong therapeutic potential. Through structural comparison, we also provide evidence for the importance of various structural motifs to the efficacy of ciclopirox and its derivatives, namely hydrophobic groups at R4 and R6 of the ciclopirox core structure. Like ciclopirox, representative analogs exhibit some oral bioavailability but are rapidly cleared in vivo. Together, these results will guide further development of N-hydroxypyridones as HSV therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zangi
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Katherine A Donald
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Andreu Gazquez Casals
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Abaigeal D Franson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Alice J Yu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Elise M Marker
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Molly E Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Scott D Campbell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| | - M Abdul Mottaleb
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David W Griggs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Lynda A Morrison
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| | - Marvin J Meyers
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schiavone DV, Kapkayeva DM, Li Q, Woodson ME, Casals AG, Morrison LA, Tavis JE, Murelli RP. Synthesis of Polyoxygenated Tropolones and their Antiviral Activity against Hepatitis B Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus-1. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104112. [PMID: 34984767 PMCID: PMC8858858 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxygenated tropolones possess a broad range of biological activity, and as a result are promising lead structures or fragments for drug development. However, structure-function studies and subsequent optimization have been challenging, in part due to the limited number of readily available tropolones and the obstacles to their synthesis. Oxidopyrylium [5+2] cycloaddition can effectively generate a diverse array of seven-membered ring carbocycles, and as a result can provide a highly general strategy for tropolone synthesis. Here, we describe the use of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone-based oxidopyrylium cycloaddition chemistry in the synthesis of functionalized 3,7-dimethoxytropolones, 3,7-dihydroxytropolones, and isomeric 3-hydroxy-7-methoxytropolones through complementary benzyl alcohol-incorporating procedures. The antiviral activity of these molecules against herpes simplex virus-1 and hepatitis B virus is also described, highlighting the value of this approach and providing new structure-function insights relevant to their antiviral activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Schiavone
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA,PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Diana M. Kapkayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Molly E. Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Andreu Gazquez Casals
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Lynda A. Morrison
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - John E. Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA,PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Almaraz-Girón MA, Calderón-Jaimes E, Carrillo AS, Díaz-Cervantes E, Alonso EC, Islas-Jácome A, Domínguez-Ortiz A, Castañón-Alonso SL. Search for Non-Protein Protease Inhibitors Constituted with an Indole and Acetylene Core. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133817. [PMID: 34201422 PMCID: PMC8270299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible inhibitor of proteases, which contains an indole core and an aromatic polar acetylene, was designed and synthesized. This indole derivative has a molecular architecture kindred to biologically relevant species and was obtained through five synthetic steps with an overall yield of 37% from the 2,2'-(phenylazanediyl)di(ethan-1-ol). The indole derivative was evaluated through docking assays using the main protease (SARS-CoV-2-Mpro) as a molecular target, which plays a key role in the replication process of this virus. Additionally, the indole derivative was evaluated as an inhibitor of the enzyme kallikrein 5 (KLK5), which is a serine protease that can be considered as an anticancer drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Almaraz-Girón
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Ernesto Calderón-Jaimes
- Laboratory de Investigación en Inmunoquímica, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez Nº 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (A.S.C.); (E.C.A.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.-J.); (E.D.-C.); (S.L.C.-A.); Tel.: +52-55-5804-4600 (S.L.C.-A.)
| | - Adrián Sánchez Carrillo
- Laboratory de Investigación en Inmunoquímica, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez Nº 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (A.S.C.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Erik Díaz-Cervantes
- Centro Interdisciplinario del Noreste, Departament de Alimentos, Universidad de Guanajuato, Tierra Blanca, Guanajuato C.P. 37975, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.C.-J.); (E.D.-C.); (S.L.C.-A.); Tel.: +52-55-5804-4600 (S.L.C.-A.)
| | - Edith Castañón Alonso
- Laboratory de Investigación en Inmunoquímica, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez Nº 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (A.S.C.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Alejandro Islas-Jácome
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Armando Domínguez-Ortiz
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Sandra L. Castañón-Alonso
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.-J.); (E.D.-C.); (S.L.C.-A.); Tel.: +52-55-5804-4600 (S.L.C.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bak E, Miller JT, Noronha A, Tavis J, Gallicchio E, Murelli RP, Le Grice SFJ. 3,7-Dihydroxytropolones Inhibit Initiation of Hepatitis B Virus Minus-Strand DNA Synthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194434. [PMID: 32992516 PMCID: PMC7583054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation of protein-primed (-) strand DNA synthesis in hepatitis B virus (HBV) requires interaction of the viral reverse transcriptase with epsilon (ε), a cis-acting regulatory signal located at the 5' terminus of pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA), and several host-encoded chaperone proteins. Binding of the viral polymerase (P protein) to ε is necessary for pgRNA encapsidation and synthesis of a short primer covalently attached to its terminal domain. Although we identified small molecules that recognize HBV ε RNA, these failed to inhibit protein-primed DNA synthesis. However, since initiation of HBV (-) strand DNA synthesis occurs within a complex of viral and host components (e.g., Hsp90, DDX3 and APOBEC3G), we considered an alternative therapeutic strategy of allosteric inhibition by disrupting the initiation complex or modifying its topology. To this end, we show here that 3,7-dihydroxytropolones (3,7-dHTs) can inhibit HBV protein-primed DNA synthesis. Since DNA polymerase activity of a ribonuclease (RNase H)-deficient HBV reverse transcriptase that otherwise retains DNA polymerase function is also abrogated, this eliminates direct involvement of RNase (ribonuclease) H activity of HBV reverse transcriptase and supports the notion that the HBV initiation complex might be therapeutically targeted. Modeling studies also provide a rationale for preferential activity of 3,7-dHTs over structurally related α-hydroxytropolones (α-HTs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Bak
- Basic Research Laboratory National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.B.); (J.T.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Jennifer T. Miller
- Basic Research Laboratory National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.B.); (J.T.M.); (A.N.)
| | - Andrea Noronha
- Basic Research Laboratory National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.B.); (J.T.M.); (A.N.)
| | - John Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Emilio Gallicchio
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; (E.G.); (R.P.M.)
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; (E.G.); (R.P.M.)
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stuart F. J. Le Grice
- Basic Research Laboratory National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (E.B.); (J.T.M.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Agyemang NB, Kukla CR, Edwards TC, Li Q, Langen MK, Schaal A, Franson AD, Casals AG, Donald KA, Yu AJ, Donlin MJ, Morrison LA, Tavis JE, Murelli RP. Divergent synthesis of a thiolate-based α-hydroxytropolone library with a dynamic bioactivity profile. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34227-34234. [PMID: 33042521 PMCID: PMC7543996 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06383h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a rapid and divergent synthetic route toward structurally novel αHTs functionalized with either one or two thioether or sulfonyl appendages. Evaluation of this library against hepatitis B and herpes simplex virus, as well as the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, and a human hepatoblastoma (HepDES19) revealed complementary biological profiles and new lead compounds with sub-micromolar activity against each pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana B Agyemang
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States.,PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Cassandra R Kukla
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Tiffany C Edwards
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Madison K Langen
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63104, United States
| | - Alexandra Schaal
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63104, United States
| | - Abaigeal D Franson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Andreu Gazquez Casals
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Katherine A Donald
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Alice J Yu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Maureen J Donlin
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63104, United States
| | - Lynda A Morrison
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States.,PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| |
Collapse
|