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Das S, Dey S, Patra S, Bera A, Ghosh T, Prasad B, Sayala KD, Maji K, Bedi A, Debnath S. BODIPY-Based Molecules for Biomedical Applications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1723. [PMID: 38136594 PMCID: PMC10741882 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) derivatives have attracted attention as probes in applications like imaging and sensing due to their unique properties like (1) strong absorption and emission in the visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, (2) strong fluorescence and (3) supreme photostability. They have also been employed in areas like photodynamic therapy. Over the last decade, BODIPY-based molecules have even emerged as candidates for cancer treatments. Cancer remains a significant health issue world-wide, necessitating a continuing search for novel therapeutic options. BODIPY is a flexible fluorophore with distinct photophysical characteristics and is a fascinating drug development platform. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent breakthroughs in BODIPY-based small molecules for cancer or disease detection and therapy, including their functional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasija Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Sudipto Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Sanujit Patra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia 741249, India; (S.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Arindam Bera
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia 741249, India; (S.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Totan Ghosh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia 741249, India; (S.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Bibin Prasad
- Solenic Medical, Inc., 4275 Kellway Circle, Suite 146, Addison, TX 75001, USA;
| | - Kapil Dev Sayala
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75206, USA;
| | - Krishnendu Maji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia 741249, India; (S.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Anjan Bedi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sashi Debnath
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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2
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Wang L, Qian Y. A type I and II compatible vinyl-pyridine modified BODIPY dimer photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in A-549 cells. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7339-7350. [PMID: 37642553 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01130e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the vinyl-pyridine group was used to modify the BODIPY dimer photosensitizer (T-BDP2) to obtain a VP-BDP2 photosensitizer. Compared with the T-BDP2 photosensitizer, the VP-BDP2 photosensitizer could work under pure water conditions, the singlet oxygen yield was increased from 9.38% to 22.2%, the charge transfer rate was increased from about 30 ps to about 10 ps, and the red emission was enhanced in fluorescence imaging. In addition, the VP-BDP2 photosensitizer could also generate the superoxide radical (O2˙-) under pure water conditions. The ROS generation mechanism of the VP-BDP2 photosensitizer was considered to be the spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) mechanism, which was verified by fs-transient absorption spectra and theoretical calculation. In the photodynamic therapy of A-549 cells, the VP-BDP2 photosensitizers could generate singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals (O2˙-) under biological conditions, and showed high phototoxicity with the IC50 value at 12.1 μM under light at 525 nm. Additionally, the multiple dipolar configuration meant that the VP-BDP2 photosensitizer could be used in two-photon fluorescence zebrafish imaging under 800 nm excitation, which sets the stage for future two-photon photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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3
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Wang L, Qian Y. Modification of a SOCT-ISC type triphenylamine-BODIPY photosensitizer by a multipolar dendrimer design for photodynamic therapy and two-photon fluorescence imaging. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1459-1469. [PMID: 36602169 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of multipolar triphenylamine-BODIPY photosensitizers T-BDPn (n = 1, 2, 3) was synthesized. Compared with T-BDP1 of D-A configuration, the multipolar T-BDP3 dendrimer have higher singlet oxygen efficiency (44%), better fluorescence quantum yield (7.45%), and could be used in the simulated photodynamic therapy in A-549 cells and two-photon fluorescence imaging in zebrafish. The theoretical calculation and fs-transient absorption spectra indicated that the reason of its higher singlet oxygen efficiency was that the multipolar T-BDP3 dendrimer could generate more nearly degenerate charge transfer (CT) states and triplet states, which could further increase the possibility of spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) process. In the simulated photodynamic therapy of A-549 cells, T-BDP3 shows good cytocompatibility, great phototoxicity with its IC50 value of 3.17 μM, and could kill cancer cells effectively with the dosage of 5 μM under 10 min irradiation in the AO/EB double-staining experiment. In the fluorescence imaging of zebrafish, the experiment results indicate that T-BDP3 could generate superoxide radical (O2˙-) in the body of zebrafish and could be applied to the two-photon fluorescence imaging under 800 nm excitation. The above experiment results shown that the multipolar dendrimer design was an effective approach to improve the key parameters of SOCT-ISC-type BODIPY photosensitizer and was ready for further two-photon photodynamic therapy in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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Kähärä I, Durandin N, Ilina P, Efimov A, Laaksonen T, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E, Lisitsyna E. Phototoxicity of BODIPY in long-term imaging can be reduced by intramolecular motion. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 21:1677-1687. [PMID: 35796875 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For long-term live-cell fluorescence imaging and biosensing, it is crucial to work with a dye that has high fluorescence quantum yield and photostability without being detrimental to the cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that neutral boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based molecular rotors have great properties for high-light-dosage demanding live-cell fluorescence imaging applications that require repetitive illuminations. In molecular rotors, an intramolecular rotation (IMR) allows an alternative route for the decay of the singlet excited state (S1) via the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer state (CT). The occurrence of IMR reduces the probability of the formation of a triplet state (T1) which could further react with molecular oxygen (3O2) to form cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, e.g., singlet oxygen (1O2). We demonstrate that the oxygen-related nature of the phototoxicity for BODIPY derivatives can be significantly reduced if a neutral molecular rotor is used as a probe. The studied neutral molecular rotor probe shows remarkably lower phototoxicity when compared with both the non-rotating BODIPY derivative and the cationic BODIPY-based molecular rotor in different light dosages and dye concentrations. It is also evident that the charge and localization of the fluorescent probe are as significant as the IMR in terms of the phototoxicity in a long-term live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Kähärä
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Nikita Durandin
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Vuorimaa-Laukkanen
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Lisitsyna
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Unit of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
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Chen TG, Zhang XQ, Ge JF, Xu YJ, Sun R. Thiocarbonyl photosensitizer, a feasible way to eliminate the photosensitizer residues in photodynamic therapy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120783. [PMID: 34995850 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been successfully applied in clinical treatment several years. However, after finished treatment process the residual photosensitizer will spread throughout body, which forces patients stay in the dark room to avoid exposure in sunlight several weeks. Therefore, develop degradable photosensitizer could effectively eliminate this inconvenience. In the past, researchers have developed degradable photosensitizers based on supramolecular structure. In this study, we achieved the same effect in small molecule level. Three thiocarbonyl photosensitizers (PS) have high photogenerated 1O2 quantum yield and can be photodegraded by laser irradiation within 15 min. And due to its high phototoxicity and low toxicity, thiocarbonyl PS still maintains its high phototoxicity. Especially, mitochondrial targeting PS 1a has better properties than many BODIPY or cyanine heavy-atom-free photosensitizers. It only needs 1 μM to reduce HeLa cell activity to 30%. Finally the thiocarbonyl PS provided a convenient way to solve the PS residue problem without sacrificing PDT efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ge Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian-Feng Ge
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ru Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China.
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6
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 185.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Ma C, Zhang T, Xie Z. Leveraging BODIPY nanomaterials for enhanced tumor photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7318-7327. [PMID: 34355720 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00855b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past ten years, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted widespread attention in tumor treatment due to its non-invasiveness and little side effects. PTT utilizes heat produced by photothermal agents under the irradiation of near-infrared light to kill tumor cells. Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), an organic phototherapy agent, has been widely used in tumor phototherapy due to its higher molar extinction coefficient, robust photostability and good phototherapy effect. However, there are some issues in the application of BODIPY for tumor PTT, such as low photothermal conversion efficiency and short absorption wavelength. In this review, we focus on the latest development of BODIPY nanomaterials for overcoming the above problems and enhancing the PTT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P. R. China.
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.
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8
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Bai J, Zhang L, Qian Y. A near-infrared and lysosomal targeting thiophene-BODIPY photosensitizer: Synthesis and its imaging guided photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119512. [PMID: 33581575 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel NIR and lysosomal targeting thiophene-BODIPY photosensitizer SBOP-Lyso was synthesized to explore its potential applications in photodynamic therapy of A549 cells. In the strategy of designing SBOP-Lyso, S atom in thiophene as well as heavy atom I were introduced to promote ISC efficiency to ensure high singlet oxygen yield. A common lysosome targeted group (M1: 1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde) was linked to SBOP to extend its wavelength to the NIR region. Its absorption peak was at 660 nm (εmax = 5.2 × 104 cm-1 M-1) and its corresponding emission peak was located at 705 nm. Singlet oxygen could be quickly generated by SBOP-Lyso in the presence of 660 nm LED irradiation and the singlet oxygen yield was up to 44.1%. In addition, it also had good biocompatibility and could enter cells or zebrafish in a short time. SBOP-Lyso had negligible dark cytotoxicity (cell survival rate > 80%) and excellent phototoxicity (IC50 = 0.2 μM). DCFH-DA (ROS indicator) proved that SBOP-Lyso could generate singlet oxygen with 660 nm LED irradiation. Singlet oxygen produced by SBOP-Lyso could kill cancer cells in PDT process and it had the ability to effectively inhibit A549 cells migration. Besides that, lysosomal colocalization assay showed that it had good lysosomal localization ability (Pearson colocation coefficient, R = 0.93). Considering the above results, SBOP-Lyso as a unique lysosome-targeted photosensitizer with excellent properties would exhibit positive results in PDT process of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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Recent Progress on Synthesis of N, N'-Chelate Organoboron Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051401. [PMID: 33807680 PMCID: PMC7961668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N,N′-chelate organoboron compounds have been successfully applied in bioimaging, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), functional polymer, photocatalyst, electroluminescent (EL) devices, and other science and technology areas. However, the concise and efficient synthetic methods become more and more significant for material science, biomedical research, or other practical science. Here, we summarized the organoboron-N,N′-chelate derivatives and showed the different routes of their syntheses. Traditional methods to synthesize N,N′-chelate organoboron compounds were mainly using bidentate ligand containing nitrogen reacting with trivalent boron reagents. In this review, we described a series of bidentate ligands, such as bipyridine, 2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-indole, 2-(5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)quinoline, N-(quinolin-8-yl)acetamide, 1,10-phenanthroline, and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP).
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Nguyen VN, Yan Y, Zhao J, Yoon J. Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers: From Molecular Design to Applications in the Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:207-220. [PMID: 33289536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality that has shown great potential for the treatment of cancers owing to its excellent spatiotemporal selectivity and inherently noninvasive nature. However, PDT has not reached its full potential, partly due to the lack of ideal photosensitizers. A common molecular design strategy for effective photosensitizers is to incorporate heavy atoms into photosensitizer structures, causing concerns about elevated dark toxicity, short triplet-state lifetimes, poor photostability, and the potentially high cost of heavy metals. To address these drawbacks, a significant advance has been devoted to developing advanced smart photosensitizers without the use of heavy atoms to better fit the clinical requirements of PDT. Over the past few years, heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers have emerged as an innovative alternative class of PSs due to their superior photophysical and photochemical properties and lower expense. Heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers have been widely explored for PDT purposes and have shown great potential for clinical oncologic applications. Although many review articles about heavy-atom-free photosensitizers based on porphyrinoid structure have been published, no specific review articles have yet focused on the heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers.In this account, the specific concept related to heavy-atom-free photosensitizers and the advantageous properties of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for cancer theranostics will be briefly introduced. In addition, recent progress in the development of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers, ranging from molecular design approaches to recent innovative types of heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers, emphasizing our own research, will be presented. The main molecular design approaches to efficient heavy-atom-free PSs can be divided into six groups: (1) the approach based on traditional tetrapyrrole structures, (2) spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC), (3) reducing the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), (4) the thionation of carbonyl groups of conventional fluorophores, (5) twisted π-conjugation system-induced intersystem crossing, and (6) radical-enhanced intersystem crossing. The innovative types of heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers and their applications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics will be discussed in detail in the third section. Finally, the challenges that need to be addressed to develop optimal heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for oncologic photodynamic therapy and a perspective in this research field will be provided. We believe that this review will provide general guidance for the future design of innovative photosensitizers and spur preclinical and clinical studies for PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Liu M, Wang C, Qian Y. Novel indole-BODIPY photosensitizers based on iodine promoted intersystem crossing enhancement for lysosome-targeted imaging and photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the new lysosome-targeting indole-BODIPY derivatives BDP-Lys, IBDP-Lys, and I2BDP-Lys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Sinopec Oilfield Service Shengli Corporation, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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12
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Xiang W, Zhang L, Zhi X, Qian Y. Synthesis, S Atom Promoted Photodynamic Therapy and Two- Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Phenothiazine Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Analogue. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Padrutt R, Babu V, Klingler S, Kalt M, Schumer F, Anania MI, Schneider L, Spingler B. Highly Phototoxic Transplatin-Modified Distyryl-BODIPY Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:694-701. [PMID: 33164336 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of the first transplatin-BODIPY conjugates for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The distyryl BODIPYs containing two iodine atoms were designed to absorb in the red region, easily undergo intersystem crossing for efficient singlet oxygen generation, and additionally offer the possibility for coordination with mono-activated transplatin. We were able to demonstrate that coordination of the BODIPYs with a mono-activated transplatin increases the phototoxic index of the photosensitizers significantly, giving rise to highly phototoxic distyryl BODIPY derivatives, of which one was shown to have the highest ever reported phototoxic index against any cell line. Furthermore, the photophysical mechanism of singlet oxygen generation in distyryl BODIPYs undergoing intramolecular charge transfer was studied experimentally and using time-dependent density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Padrutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vipin Babu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Klingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Kalt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schumer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria I Anania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Xiao X, Pang J, Sukhanov AA, Hou Y, Zhao J, Li MD, Voronkova VK. The effect of one-atom substitution on the photophysical properties and electron spin polarization: Intersystem crossing of compact orthogonal perylene/phenoxazine electron donor/acceptor dyad. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184312. [PMID: 33187415 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A perylene (Pery)-phenoxazine (PXZ) compact orthogonal electron donor/acceptor dyad was prepared to study the relationship between the molecular structures and the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC), as well as the electron spin selectivity of the ISC process. The geometry of Pery-PXZ (80.0°) is different from the previously reported perylene-phenothiazine dyad (Pery-PTZ, 91.5°), although there is only one atom variation for the two dyads. Pery-PXZ shows a high singlet oxygen quantum yield (84%). Femtosecond transient absorption spectra indicate that the charge separation (CS, faster than 120 fs) is faster than the Pery-PTZ analog (CS, 250 fs) and charge recombination (CR, i.e., SOCT-ISC, 5.98 ns) of Pery-PXZ is slower than the Pery-PTZ analog (CR, 0.9 ns). The intrinsic triplet state lifetime of Pery-PXZ is 242 µs vs the lifetime of 181 µs for the Pery-PTZ analog. Moreover, the triplet state lifetime of Pery-PXZ in the solid polymer matrix is extended to 4.45 ms, which indicates that the triplet state of Pery-PXZ in fluid solution is deactivated not only by the triplet-triplet annihilation effect but also by other factors such as vibration coupled relaxation. Interestingly, with pulsed laser excited time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the electron spin polarization (ESP) pattern of the triplet state of the current dyad is opposite to that of Pery-PTZ. These results demonstrated the rich electron spin chemistry of the ISC of compact electron donor/acceptor dyads, e.g., the ESP is dependent on not only the molecular geometry but also the structure of the electron donor (or acceptor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Pang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrei A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling-Gong Road, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
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15
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Yang T, Cao X, Zhang XX, Ou Y, Au CT, Yin SF, Qiu R. Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of N,N'-Chelate Organoboron Aminoquinolate. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12430-12443. [PMID: 32929959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We disclose a novel method for the synthesis of fluorescent N,N'-chelate organoboron compounds in high efficiency by treatment of aminoquinolates with NaBAr4/R'COOH in the presence of an iodine catalyst. These compounds display high air and thermal stability. A possible catalytic mechanism based on the results of control experiments has been proposed. Fluorescence quantum yield of 3b is up to 0.79 in dichloromethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yifeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104 Hunan, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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16
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Xiao F, Wang Y, Shao T, Jin G. Acetonitrilated Unsymmetric BODIPYs having glycine fluorescence responsive quenching: Design, synthesis and spectroscopic properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 233:118211. [PMID: 32155579 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel N≡C-CH2-B-F system BODIPY were designed and synthesized by introducing aldehyde and acetonitrile units which gave positive influence to spectroscopic and chemical properties of BODIPY derivatives. The effects of glycine (Gly) on the target products were studied via ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL) under different conditions of the presence and absence of cations (K+, Ca2+, Zn2+). It was showed that glycine has an intense quenching effect on the compounds in both the presence and absence of ions with a dramatic color change from notable red to light orange owing to the addition of Gly. With regard to cells imaging investigation, the products showed the prominent fluorescence in cholangiocarcinoma cells. The luminescent effect of compounds 1 and 3 entering the cells was significantly stronger than that of compound 2. In addition, pertaining to anticancer properties, two human cancer cell lines (RBE, HCCC-9810) and one normal cell line (L-02) were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity. The target compounds, 1-3, exhibited moderate antitumor activity, of which compound 1 was found to be the most potent derivative with IC50 values of 119.31 ± 6.25, 114.73 ± 3.25, and 106.33 ± 5.22 against RBE, HCCC-9810, and L-02 cells, respectively, slightly weaker than the positive control 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tingyu Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guofan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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17
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Hou Y, Kurganskii I, Elmali A, Zhang H, Gao Y, Lv L, Zhao J, Karatay A, Luo L, Fedin M. Electronic coupling and spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) in compact BDP-carbazole dyads with different mutual orientations of the electron donor and acceptor. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:114701. [PMID: 32199436 DOI: 10.1063/1.5145052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the spin-orbit charge transfer induced intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC), Bodipy (BDP)-carbazole (Cz) compact electron donor/acceptor dyads were prepared. Charge transfer (CT) emission bands were observed for dyads showing strong electronic coupling between the donor and the acceptor (coupling matrix elements VDA, 0.06 eV-0.18 eV). Depending on the coupling magnitude, the CT state of the dyads can be either dark or emissive. Equilibrium between the 1LE (locally excited) state and the 1CT state was confirmed by temperature-dependent fluorescence studies. Efficient ISC was observed for the dyads with Cz connected at the meso-position of the BDP. Interestingly, the dyad with non-orthogonal geometry shows the highest ISC efficiency (ΦΔ = 58%), which is different from the previous conclusion. The photo-induced charge separation (CS, time constant: 0.7 ps) and charge recombination (CR, ∼3.9 ns) were studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy indicated that the BDP-localized triplet state was exceptionally long-lived (602 µs). Using pulsed laser excited time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the SOCT-ISC mechanism was confirmed, and we show that the electron spin polarization of the triplet state is highly dependent on the mutual orientation of the donor and acceptor. The dyads were used as triplet photosensitizers for triplet-triplet-annihilation (TTA) upconversion, and the quantum yield is up to 6.7%. TTA-based delayed fluorescence was observed for the dyads (τDF = 41.5 µs). The dyads were also used as potent photodynamic therapy reagents (light toxicity of IC50 = 0.1 µM and dark toxicity of IC50 = 70.8 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huimin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Lv
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, TianShui, GanSu 741001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Matvey Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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18
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Yang X, Bai J, Qian Y. The investigation of unique water-soluble heptamethine cyanine dye for use as NIR photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117702. [PMID: 31748160 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a unique water-soluble heptamethine cyanine dye as NIR photosensitizer was synthesized to explore its properties associated with potential applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the strategy of designing this photosensitizer, a sulfonic acid was used as a water soluble functional group and linked to the fluorophore through alkyl chains. 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl(Tempo) moiety was used as the a nitroxide spin label in obtaining biochemical reaction information in vivo due to it could greatly increase the inter-system crossing (ISC) process for triplet-state photosensitizers and low toxicity. As expected, the photosensitizers performed well in vitro photodynamic therapy. There were a remarkable absorbance band located at 692 nm and emission peaks falls at 762 nm, the quantum yield (Φf) was calculated to be 12.12% in pure aqueous solution using ICG as standards. The photosensitizer also has high singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ△) for 16.96% with NIR LED irradiation. This photosensitizer can rapidly produce singlet oxygen and exhibit high phototoxicity under NIR light irradiation. It has excellent cellular uptake ability and better cell compatibility. It was also successfully applied in Near-infrared fluorescence imaging and AO/EB staining. In a whole, the organic dye based on Heptamethine cyanine used as photosensitizer has great potential in vivo cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jin Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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