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Lu X, Jayakumar K, Wen Y, Hojjati-Najafabadi A, Duan X, Xu J. Recent advances in metal-organic framework (MOF)-based agricultural sensors for metal ions: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:58. [PMID: 38153564 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions have great significance for agricultural development, food safety, and human health. In turn, there exists an imperative need for the development of novel, sensitive, and reliable sensing techniques for various metal ions. Agricultural sensors for the diagnosis of both agricultural safety and nutritional health can establish quality and safety traceability systems of both agro-products and food to guarantee human health, even life safety. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are utilized widely for the design of diversified sensors due to their distinctive structural characteristics and extraordinary optical and electrical properties. To serve agricultural sensors better, this review is dedicated to providing a brief overview of the synthesis of MOFs, the modification of MOFs, the fabrication of MOF-based film electrodes, the applications of MOF-based agricultural sensors for metal ions, which are centered on electrochemical sensors and optical sensors, and current challenges of MOF-based agricultural sensors. In addition, this review also provides potential future opportunities for the development and practical application of agricultural sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Kumarasamy Jayakumar
- Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangping Wen
- Institute of Functional Materials and Agricultural Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China.
| | - Akbar Hojjati-Najafabadi
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Xuemin Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, PR China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
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2
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Rezaee T, Fazel-Zarandi R, Karimi A, Ensafi AA. Metal-organic frameworks for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115026. [PMID: 36113325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials provide unprecedented opportunities for evaluating valuable compounds for various medical applications. MOFs merged with biomolecules, used as novel biomaterials, have become particularly useful in biological environments. Bio-MOFs can be promising materials in the global to avoid utilization above toxicological substances. Bio-MOFs with crystallin and porosity nature offer flexible structure via bio-linker and metal node variation, which improves their wide applicability in medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Rezaee
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | | | - Afsaneh Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ali A Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Adjunct Professor, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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3
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Zhang D, Wang C, Wu C, Zhang X. Confining Fluorescent Probes in Nanochannels to Construct Reusable Nanosensors for Ion Current and Fluorescence Dual Gating. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1468. [PMID: 35564177 PMCID: PMC9101493 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we confined fluorescent probes to solid nanochannels to construct nanosensors, which not only significantly improved the reusability of the molecular probes, but also achieved ion current and fluorescence dual gating for more reliable detection. The combination of optical and electrical modalities can provide comprehensive spatiotemporal information that can be used to elucidate the sensing mechanism within the nanochannel. As a proof-of-concept experiment, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)−hydrazine (N2H4) was selected to modify nanochannels for the effective detection of Hg2+. Based on spirolactam opening tactics, the system synergistically alters the surface charge and fluorescence intensity in response to Hg2+, establishing a dual open state of current and fluorescence. The newly prepared nanosensor exhibited a fast response (<1 min), high sensitivity, and selectivity towards Hg2+. Importantly, the nanodevice could be recovered by simple N2H4 treatment. Such sensing behavior could be used to implement optoelectronic dual-output XOR logical gates under the management of Hg2+ and N2H4. This strategy is anticipated to find broad applications in other nanochannel-based systems for various sensing applications used for monitoring of pollutants, food additives, and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China; (D.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Chunfei Wang
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China; (D.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China; (D.Z.); (C.W.)
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4
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Li L, Ding Y, Zhang C, Xian H, Chen S, Dai G, Wang X, Ye C. Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Mg 2+ Based on Regulating Crown-Ether Modified Annihilators for Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3276-3282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Yilei Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Haiyu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Shuoran Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Dai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
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5
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Badr Z, Abdel-Lateef MA, Gomaa H, Abdelmottaleb M, Taher M. Spectrofluorimetric determination of magnesium ions in water, ampoule, and suspension samples using a fluorescent azothiazol-benzenesulfonamide derivative. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:448-454. [PMID: 35023289 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a fluorescence azothiazol-benzenesulfonamide derivative (M-sensor) was prepared for the determination of Mg2+ ions in different samples. The utilized M-sensor exhibited an emission fluorescence activity at 587 nm upon excitation at 537 nm. The developed method was based on the quenching effect of Mg2+ ions on the fluorescence intensity of the M-sensor with the above-mentioned fluorescence features. Furthermore, the utilized M-sensor was complexed with Mg2+ ions in the molar ratio of 1:1 (Mg2+ to M-sensor) and the selectivity of M-sensor toward Mg2+ against other metals ions, and the reversibility and reusability of the sensor were studied and verified. After optimization of the fluorometric detection, the quenching effect was directly proportional to the increase in the concentration of Mg2+ in the linear range 100-600 ng ml-1 with a limit of detection value of 18 ng ml-1 . The fluorescence sensor was successfully applied with good recovery for the determination of Mg2+ in water samples and different pharmaceutical samples (ampoules and suspension) without any interference from aluminium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Badr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hassanien Gomaa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Taher
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Huang H, Feng W, Chen Y. Two-dimensional biomaterials: material science, biological effect and biomedical engineering applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11381-11485. [PMID: 34661206 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01138j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, nanotechnology has increasingly been identified as a promising and efficient means to address a number of challenges associated with public health. In the past decade, two-dimensional (2D) biomaterials, as a unique nanoplatform with planar topology, have attracted explosive interest in various fields such as biomedicine due to their unique morphology, physicochemical properties and biological effect. Motivated by the progress of graphene in biomedicine, dozens of types of ultrathin 2D biomaterials have found versatile bio-applications, including biosensing, biomedical imaging, delivery of therapeutic agents, cancer theranostics, tissue engineering, as well as others. The effective utilization of 2D biomaterials stems from the in-depth knowledge of structure-property-bioactivity-biosafety-application-performance relationships. A comprehensive summary of 2D biomaterials for biomedicine is still lacking. In this comprehensive review, we aim to concentrate on the state-of-the-art 2D biomaterials with a particular focus on their versatile biomedical applications. In particular, we discuss the design, fabrication and functionalization of 2D biomaterials used for diverse biomedical applications based on the up-to-date progress. Furthermore, the interactions between 2D biomaterials and biological systems on the spatial-temporal scale are highlighted, which will deepen the understanding of the underlying action mechanism of 2D biomaterials aiding their design with improved functionalities. Finally, taking the bench-to-bedside as a focus, we conclude this review by proposing the current crucial issues/challenges and presenting the future development directions to advance the clinical translation of these emerging 2D biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China. .,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China. .,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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7
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Sohrabi H, Javanbakht S, Oroojalian F, Rouhani F, Shaabani A, Majidi MR, Hashemzaei M, Hanifehpour Y, Mokhtarzadeh A, Morsali A. Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks: Recent developments in synthesis, modifications and bioimaging applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130717. [PMID: 34020194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as eye-catching materials in recent years. They are widely used in numerous fields of chemistry thanks to their desirable properties. MOFs have a key role in the development of bioimaging platforms that are hopefully expected to effectually pave the way for accurate and selective detection and diagnosis of abnormalities. Recently, many types of MOFs have been employed for detection of RNA, DNA, enzyme activity and small-biomolecules, as well as for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), which are valuable methods for clinical analysis. The optimal performance of the MOF in the bio-imaging field depends on the core structure, synthesis method and modifications processes. In this review, we have attempted to present crucial parameters for designing and achieving an efficient MOF as bioimaging platforms, and provide a roadmap for researchers in this field. Moreover, the influence of modifications/fractionalizations on MOFs performance has been thoroughly discussed and challenging problems have been extensively addressed. Consideration is mainly focused on the principal concepts and applications that have been achieved to modify and synthesize advanced MOFs for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessamaddin Sohrabi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siamak Javanbakht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rouhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Reza Majidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol. Iran
| | - Younes Hanifehpour
- Department of Chemistry, Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Ma X, Zhang X, Han L, Hao Z, Yong S. A Multi-response Aluminum Metal-organic Frameworks for Fluorescence Sensing of Fe 3+, Sr 2+, SiO 32-and Toluene. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9. [PMID: 33735838 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abf027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A new Aluminum metal-organic frameworks(Al-MOF) based on tricarboxylate ligands(L){L = 2,2',2'-([1,3,5]-triazine-2,4,6-triimino)tribenzoic acid)} has been designed and synthesized. It can be served as a platform of multi-responsive fluorescence sensor for Fe3+, Sr2+and SiO32-in water, which is mainly due to the significant enhancement effect of these ions on the fluorescence intensity of Al-MOF. Especially, Fe3+ions are rarely able to induce MOFs fluorescence enhancement. The limit of detection for three kinds of ions is 6.62* 10-6M, 5.37* 10-6M, 6.85* 10-10M respectively. Meanwhile, It can also be used as a multi-response fluorescence probe to detect toluene in DMF solution, limit of detection is 9.16* 10-3M respectively. The structure of Al-MOF was characterized by FTIR,1H NMR, SEM, TAG, PXRD and element analysis. The PXRD showed that the structure of Al-MOF remained the high water stability and pH stability. The application of water samples and vegetables showed that Al-MOF had high sensitive detection for Fe3+ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Ma
- Chemical Engineering College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, Baotou Teachers' College, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Baotou Teachers' College, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Han
- Chemical Engineering College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanzhong Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Baotou Teachers' College, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Yong
- Department of Chemistry, Baotou Teachers' College, Baotou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Liu M, Ren X, Meng X, Li H. Metal‐Organic Frameworks‐Based Fluorescent Nanocomposites for Bioimaging in Living Cells and
in vivo
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Liu
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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10
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Ma LL, Yang GP, Li GP, Zhang PF, Jin J, Wang Y, Wang JM, Wang YY. Luminescence modulation, near white light emission, selective luminescence sensing, and anticounterfeiting via a series of Ln-MOFs with a π-conjugated and uncoordinated lewis basic triazolyl ligand. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01100b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of Ln-MOFs with π-conjugated and uncoordinated lewis basic triazolyl ligand have luminescence modulation, near white light emission, selective luminescence sensing, and anticounterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Gao-Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Peng-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Jing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Jiao-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
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Arun Kumar S, Balasubramaniam B, Bhunia S, Jaiswal MK, Verma K, Prateek, Khademhosseini A, Gupta RK, Gaharwar AK. Two-dimensional metal organic frameworks for biomedical applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1674. [PMID: 33137846 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal organic frameworks (MOFs), are an emerging class of layered nanomaterials with well-defined structure and modular composition. The unique pore structure, high flexibility, tunability, and ability to introduce desired functionality within the structural framework, have led to potential use of MOFs in biomedical applications. This article critically reviews the application of 2D MOFs for therapeutic delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and biosensing. Further, discussion on the challenges and strategies in next generation of 2D MOFs are also included. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreedevi Arun Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sukanya Bhunia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Manish K Jaiswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kartikey Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prateek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Raju Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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