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Song J, Zhang S, Zhang B, Ma J. The anti-breast cancer therapeutic potential of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300641. [PMID: 38110853 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, as one of the most common invasive malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally, poses a significant challenge in the world health system. Substantial advances in diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved the survival rate of breast cancer patients, but the number of incidences and deaths of breast cancer are projected to increase by 40% and 50%, respectively, by 2040. Chemotherapy is one of the principal treatments for breast cancer therapy, but multidrug resistance and severe side effects remain the major obstacles to the success of treatment. Hence, there is a vital need to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents to combat this deadly disease. 1,2,3-Triazole, which can be effectively constructed by click chemistry, not only can serve as a linker to connect different anti-breast cancer pharmacophores but also is a valuable pharmacophore with anti-breast cancer potential and favorable properties such as hydrogen bonding, moderate dipole moment, and enhanced water solubility. Particularly, 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids have demonstrated promising in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer potential against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant forms and possessed excellent selectivity by targeting different biological pathways associated with breast cancer, representing privileged scaffolds for the discovery of novel anti-breast cancer candidates. This review concentrates on the latest advancements of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids with anti-breast cancer potential, including work published between 2020 and the present. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) and mechanisms of action are also reviewed to shed light on the development of more effective and multitargeted candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Song
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Zibo 148 Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhoucun District, Zibo, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Emergency Department, People's Hospital of Zhoucun District, Zibo, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Zibo 148 Hospital, Zibo, China
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2
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De Castro F, Stefàno E, De Luca E, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Platinum-Nucleos(t)ide Compounds as Possible Antimetabolites for Antitumor/Antiviral Therapy: Properties and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030941. [PMID: 36986802 PMCID: PMC10058173 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues (NAs) are a family of compounds which include a variety of purine and pyrimidine derivatives, widely used as anticancer and antiviral agents. For their ability to compete with physiological nucleosides, NAs act as antimetabolites exerting their activity by interfering with the synthesis of nucleic acids. Much progress in the comprehension of their molecular mechanisms has been made, including providing new strategies for potentiating anticancer/antiviral activity. Among these strategies, new platinum-NAs showing a good potential to improve the therapeutic indices of NAs have been synthesized and studied. This short review aims to describe the properties and future perspectives of platinum-NAs, proposing these complexes as a new class of antimetabolites.
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Kowalski K. A brief survey on the application of metal-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions to the synthesis of ferrocenyl-x-1,2,3-triazolyl-R (x = none or a linker and R = organic entity) compounds with anticancer activity. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Mou Q, Zhao R, Sun B. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Ferrocene Amides. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200818. [PMID: 36047433 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, in synthetic organic chemistry, directing-group-assisted C-H functionalization is found to be a key tool for the expedient and site-selective construction of C-C and hybrid bonds. Among C-H functionalization of ferrocene derivatives, the directed group strategy is undoubtedly the most commonly used method. Compared to the other directing groups, ferrocene amides can be synthesized easily and are now recognized as one of the most efficient devices for the selective functionalization of certain positions because its metal centre permits fine, tuneable and reversible coordination. The family of amide directing groups mainly comprises monodentate and bidentate directing groups, which are categorized on the basis of coordination sites. In this review, various C-H bond functionalization reactions of ferrocene using amide directing groups are broadly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mou
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Ruyuan Zhao
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Bo Sun
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, college of chemical engineering, zhengzhoulu No. 53, 266000, Qingdao, CHINA
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Perli G, Bertuzzi DL, Souto DEP, Ramos MD, Braga CB, Aguiar SB, Ornelas C. Synthesis and Characterization of Dendronized Gold Nanoparticles Bearing Charged Peripheral Groups with Antimicrobial Potential. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152610. [PMID: 35957042 PMCID: PMC9370457 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendronized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized bearing charged peripheral groups. Two novel AB3-type dendrons were synthesized with a thiol group at the focal point followed by their attachment to AuNPs. Dendrons were designed to have nine charged peripheral groups (carboxyl or amine), glycol solubilizing, units and one thiol moiety at the focal point. Both dendrons and all intermediates were synthesized in high yields and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The amine- and carboxyl-terminated dendrons were used to functionalize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) previously stabilized with citrate. The nanoparticles’ diameters and their colloidal stability were investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The size and morphology of the dendronized AuNPs were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed individual particles with no aggregation after replacement of citrate by the dendrons, in agreement with the DLS data. The absorption spectroscopy reveals a prominent plasmonic band at 560 nm for all AuNPs. The zeta potential further confirmed the expected charged structures of the dendronized AuNPs. Considering all the physical–chemical properties of the charged dendronized AuNPs developed in this work, these AuNPs might be used as a weapon against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Perli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (G.P.); (D.L.B.); (D.E.P.S.); (M.D.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Diego L. Bertuzzi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (G.P.); (D.L.B.); (D.E.P.S.); (M.D.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Dênio E. P. Souto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (G.P.); (D.L.B.); (D.E.P.S.); (M.D.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.B.A.)
- Laboratorio de Espectrometria, Sensores e Biossensores, Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Miguel D. Ramos
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (G.P.); (D.L.B.); (D.E.P.S.); (M.D.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Carolyne B. Braga
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (G.P.); (D.L.B.); (D.E.P.S.); (M.D.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Samile B. Aguiar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (G.P.); (D.L.B.); (D.E.P.S.); (M.D.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (G.P.); (D.L.B.); (D.E.P.S.); (M.D.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.B.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Biegański P, Kovalski E, Israel N, Dmitrieva E, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Vrček V, Godel M, Riganti C, Kopecka J, Lang H, Kowalski K. Electronic Coupling in 1,2,3-Triazole Bridged Ferrocenes and Its Impact on Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Deleterious Activity in Cancer Cells. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9650-9666. [PMID: 35699521 PMCID: PMC9490837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mixed-valence (MV)
binuclear ferrocenyl compounds have long been
studied as models for testing theories of electron transfer and in
attempts to design molecular-scale electronic devices (e.g., molecular wires). In contrary to that, far less attention has
been paid to MV binuclear ferrocenes as anticancer agents. Herein,
we discuss the synthesis of six 1,2,3-triazole ferrocenyl compounds
for combined (spectro)electrochemical, electron paramagnetic resonance
(EPR), computational, and anticancer activity studies. Our synthetic
approach was based on the copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide–alkyne
cycloaddition reaction and enabled us to obtain in one step compounds
bearing either one, two, or three ferrocenyl entities linked to the
common 1,2,3-triazole core. Thus, two series of complexes were obtained,
which pertain to derivatives of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine
(AZT) and 3-azidopropionylferrocene, respectively. Based on the experimental
and theoretical data, the two mono-oxidized species corresponding
to binuclear AZT and trinuclear 3-azidopropionylferrocene complexes
have been categorized as class II mixed-valence according to the classification
proposed by Robin and Day. Of importance is the observation that these
two compounds are more active against human A549 and H1975 non-small-cell
lung cancer cells than their congeners, which do not show MV characteristics.
Moreover, the anticancer activity of MV species competes or surpasses,
dependent on the cell line, the activity of reference anticancer drugs
such as cisplatin, tamoxifen, and 5-fluorouracil. The most active
from the entire series of compounds was the binuclear thymidine derivative
with the lowest IC50 value of 5 ± 2 μM against
lung H1975 cancer cells. The major mechanism of antiproliferative
activity for the investigated MV compounds is based on reactive oxygen
species generation in cancer cells. This hypothesis was substantiated
by EPR spin-trapping experiments and the observation of decreased
anticancer activity in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine
(NAC) free-radical scavenger. The
1,2,3-triazole bridged bi- and triferrocenyl compounds
were prepared via a “click” reaction.
Their corresponding mono-oxidized forms have been categorized as class
II MV species. The biferrocenyl thymidine derivative showed remarkable
anticancer activity against human A549 and H1975 cancer cells and
negligible activity against nonmalignant human BEAS-2B cells. The
anticancer activity mechanism is mainly due to ROS generation, and
it originates from the combination of electronic coupling and the
thymidine moiety, combined all together in one molecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Biegański
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Eduard Kovalski
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Noel Israel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Valerije Vrček
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Godel
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.,MAIN Research Center, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
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Bertuzzi DL, Braga CB, Perli G, Ornelas C. Water‐Soluble Well‐Defined Bifunctional Ferrocenyl Dendrimer with Anti‐Cancer Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego L. Bertuzzi
- Department: Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – Unicamp Josué de Castro, A5–106, Cidade Universitária Campinas 13083–861 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carolyne B. Braga
- Department: Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – Unicamp Josué de Castro, A5–106, Cidade Universitária Campinas 13083–861 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriel Perli
- Department: Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – Unicamp Josué de Castro, A5–106, Cidade Universitária Campinas 13083–861 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Department: Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas – Unicamp Josué de Castro, A5–106, Cidade Universitária Campinas 13083–861 São Paulo Brazil
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Perli G, Wang Q, Braga CB, Bertuzzi DL, Fontana LA, Soares MCP, Ruiz J, Megiatto JD, Astruc D, Ornelas C. Self-Assembly of a Triazolylferrocenyl Dendrimer in Water Yields Nontraditional Intrinsic Green Fluorescent Vesosomes for Nanotheranostic Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12948-12954. [PMID: 34291930 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The promising field of nanomedicine stimulates a continuous search for multifunctional nanotheranostic systems for imaging and drug delivery. Herein, we demonstrate that application of supramolecular chemistry's concepts in dendritic assemblies can enable the formation of advanced dendrimer-based nanotheranostic devices. A dendrimer bearing 81 triazolylferrocenyl terminal groups adopts a more compact shell-like structure in polar solvents with the ferrocenyl peripheral groups backfolding toward the hydrophobic dendrimer interior, while exposing the more polar triazole moieties as the dendritic shell. Akin to lipids, the compact dendritic structure self-assembles into uniform nanovesicles that in turn self-assemble into larger vesosomes in water. The vesosomes emit green nontraditional intrinsic fluorescence (NTIL), which is an emerging property as there are no classical fluorophores in the dendritic macromolecular structure. This work confirms the hypothesis that the NTIL emission is greatly enhanced by rigidification of the supramolecular assemblies containing heteroatomic subluminophores (HASLs) and by the presence of electron rich functional groups on the periphery of dendrimers. This work is the first one detecting NTIL in ferrocenyl-terminated dendrimers. Moreover, the vesosomes are stable in biological medium, are uptaken by cells, and show cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Accordingly, the self-organization of these dendrimers into tertiary structures promotes the emergence of new properties enabling the same component, in this case, ferrocenyl group, to function as both antitumoral drug and fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Perli
- Institute of Chemistry, Rua Josue de Castro, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Qi Wang
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Carolyne B Braga
- Institute of Chemistry, Rua Josue de Castro, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego L Bertuzzi
- Institute of Chemistry, Rua Josue de Castro, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Liniquer A Fontana
- Institute of Chemistry, Rua Josue de Castro, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco C P Soares
- Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices, Rua Mendeleyev 200, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-860 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Jackson D Megiatto
- Institute of Chemistry, Rua Josue de Castro, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Didier Astruc
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry, Rua Josue de Castro, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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10
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Bouché M, Hognon C, Grandemange S, Monari A, Gros PC. Recent advances in iron-complexes as drug candidates for cancer therapy: reactivity, mechanism of action and metabolites. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11451-11466. [PMID: 32776052 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we discuss iron-complexes as drug candidates that are promising alternatives to conventional platinum-based chemotherapies owing to their broad range of reactivities and to the targeting of different biological systems. Breakthroughs in the comprehension of iron complexes' structure-activity relationship contributed to the clarification of their metabolization pathways, sub-cellular localization and influence on iron homeostasis, while enlightening the primary molecular targets of theses likely multi-target metallodrugs. Both the antiproliferative activity and elevated safety index observed among the family of iron complexes showed encouraging results as per their therapeutic potential and selectivity also with the aim of reducing chemotherapy side-effects, and facilitated more pre-clinical investigations. The purpose of this perspective is to summarize the recent advances that contributed in unveiling the intricate relationships between the structural modifications on iron-complexes and their reactivity, cellular trafficking and global mechanisms of action to broaden their use as anticancer drugs and advance to clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bouché
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM UMR 7053, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Cécilia Hognon
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Philippe C Gros
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM UMR 7053, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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