1
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Wang H, Ding P, Xia GJ, Zhao X, E W, Yu M, Ma Z, Wang YG, Wang LS, Li J, Yang X. Formation of Supernarrow Borophene Nanoribbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406535. [PMID: 38652809 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Borophenes have sparked considerable interest owing to their fascinating physical characteristics and diverse polymorphism. However, borophene nanoribbons (BNRs) with widths less than 2 nm have not been achieved. Herein, we report the experimental realization of supernarrow BNRs. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy imaging with density functional theory modeling and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that, under the applied growth conditions, boron atoms can penetrate the outermost layer of Au(111) and form BNRs composed of a pair of zigzag (2,2) boron rows. The BNRs have a width self-contained to ∼1 nm and dipoles at the edges to keep them separated. They are embedded in the outermost Au layer and shielded on top by the evacuated Au atoms, free of the need for post-passivation. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals distinct edge states, primarily attributed to the localized spin at the BNRs' zigzag edges. This work adds a new member to the boron material family and introduces a new physical feature to borophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Pengcheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Guang-Jie Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Wenlong E
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology, 610000, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 02912, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Theoretical Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
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Wang K, Choyal S, Schultz JF, McKenzie J, Li L, Liu X, Jiang N. Borophene: Synthesis, Chemistry, and Electronic Properties. Chempluschem 2024:e202400333. [PMID: 39031807 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
As a neighbor of carbon in the periodic table, boron exhibits versatile structural and electronic configurations, with its allotropes predicted to possess intriguing structures and properties. Since the experimental realization of two-dimensional (2D) boron sheets (borophene) on Ag(111) substrates in 2015, the experimental study of the realization and characteristics of borophene has drawn increasing interest. In this review, we summarize the synthesis and properties of borophene, which are mainly based on experimental results. First, the synthesis of borophene on different substrates, as well as borophane and bilayer borophene, featuring unique phases and properties, are discussed. Next, the chemistry of borophene, such as oxidation, hydrogenation, and its integration into heterostructures with other materials, is summarized. We also mention a few works focused on the physical properties of borophene, specifically its electronic properties. Lastly, the brief outlook addresses challenges toward practical applications of borophene and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Shilpa Choyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jeremy F Schultz
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - James McKenzie
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Li H, Yang J, Ma Y, Liu G, Xu X, Huo Z, Chen J, Li J, Zhang W, Wang K, Chen L, Xiao X. Monolayer Borophene Formation on Cu(111) Surface Triggered by ⟨ 1 1 ¯ 0 ⟩ $\langle {1\bar{1}0} \rangle $ Step Edge. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303502. [PMID: 37840447 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Borophene, a promising material with potential applications in electronics, energy storage, and sensors, is successfully grown as a monolayer on Ag(111), Cu(111), and Au(111) surfaces using molecular beam epitaxy. The growth of two-dimensional borophene on Ag(111) and Au(111) is proposed to occur via surface adsorption and boron segregation, respectively. However, the growth mode of borophene on Cu(111) remains unclear. To elucidate this, scanning tunneling microscopy in conjunction with theoretical calculations is used to study the phase transformation of boron nanostructures under post-annealing treatments. Results show that by elevating the substrate temperature, boron nanostructures undergo an evolution from amorphous boron to striped-phase borophene (η = 1/6) adhering to the Cu⟨ 1 1 ¯ 0 ⟩ $\langle {1\bar{1}0} \rangle $ step edge, and finally to irregularly shaped β-type borophene (η = 5/36) either on the substrate surface or embedded in the topmost Cu layer. dI/dV spectra recorded near the borophene/Cu lateral interfaces indicate that the striped-phase borophene is a metastable phase, requiring more buckling and electron transfer to stabilize the crystal structure. These findings offer not only an in-depth comprehension of the β-type borophene formation on Cu(111), but also hold potential for enabling borophene synthesis on weakly-binding semiconducting or insulating substrates with 1D active defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Liu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Huo
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- School of Future Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Kedong Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Xiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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Lei L, Dai J, Dong H, Geng Y, Cao F, Wang C, Xu R, Pang F, Liu ZX, Li F, Cheng Z, Wang G, Ji W. Electronic Janus lattice and kagome-like bands in coloring-triangular MoTe 2 monolayers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6320. [PMID: 37813844 PMCID: PMC10562484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphic structures of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) host exotic electronic states, like charge density wave and superconductivity. However, the number of these structures is limited by crystal symmetries, which poses a challenge to achieving tailored lattices and properties both theoretically and experimentally. Here, we report a coloring-triangle (CT) latticed MoTe2 monolayer, termed CT-MoTe2, constructed by controllably introducing uniform and ordered mirror-twin-boundaries into a pristine monolayer via molecular beam epitaxy. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) together with theoretical calculations reveal that the monolayer has an electronic Janus lattice, i.e., an energy-dependent atomic-lattice and a Te pseudo-sublattice, and shares the identical geometry with the Mo5Te8 layer. Dirac-like and flat electronic bands inherently existing in the CT lattice are identified by two broad and two prominent peaks in STS spectra, respectively, and verified with density-functional-theory calculations. Two types of intrinsic domain boundaries were observed, one of which maintains the electronic-Janus-lattice feature, implying potential applications as an energy-tunable electron-tunneling barrier in future functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Haoyu Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yanyan Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Feiyue Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Fei Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Zheng-Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Fangsen Li
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Wei Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
- Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
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Hu PJ, Ding JT, Liang ZR, Fang TF, Guo AM, Sun QF. Enhanced electron transport and self-similarity in quasiperiodic borophene nanoribbons with line defects. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37323016 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01658g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have revealed multiple borophene phases of distinct lattice structures, suggesting that the unit cells of ν1/6 and ν1/5 boron sheets, namely α and β chains, serve as building blocks to assemble into novel borophene phases. Motivated by these experiments, we present a theoretical study of electron transport along two-terminal quasiperiodic borophene nanoribbons (BNRs), with the arrangement of the α and β chains following the generalized Fibonacci sequence. Our results indicate that the energy spectrum of these quasiperiodic BNRs is multifractal and characterized by numerous transmission peaks. In contrast to the Fibonacci model that all the electronic states should be critical, both delocalized and critical states appear in the quasiperiodic BNRs, where the averaged resistance saturates at the inverse of one conductance quantum for the delocalized states in the large length limit and contrarily exhibits a power-law dependence on the nanoribbon length for the critical states. Besides, the self-similarity is observed from the transmission spectrum, where the conductance curves overlap at different energy regions of two quasiperiodic BNRs of different Fibonacci indices and the resistance curves are analogous to each other at different energy scales of a single quasiperiodic BNR. These results complement previous studies on quasiperiodic systems where the multifractal energy spectrum and the self-similarity are observed by generating quasiperiodic potential energies, suggesting that borophene may provide an intriguing platform for understanding the structure-property relationships and exploring the physical properties of quasiperiodic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jia Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Jin-Ting Ding
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Zeng-Ren Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Tie-Feng Fang
- School of Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Research Center for Quantum Physics and Materials, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ai-Min Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Sun
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Chen J, Wang C, Li H, Xu X, Yang J, Huo Z, Wang L, Zhang W, Xiao X, Ma Y. Recent Advances in Surface Modifications of Elemental Two-Dimensional Materials: Structures, Properties, and Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010200. [PMID: 36615394 PMCID: PMC9822514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The advent of graphene opens up the research into two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are considered revolutionary materials. Due to its unique geometric structure, graphene exhibits a series of exotic physical and chemical properties. In addition, single-element-based 2D materials (Xenes) have garnered tremendous interest. At present, 16 kinds of Xenes (silicene, borophene, germanene, phosphorene, tellurene, etc.) have been explored, mainly distributed in the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth main groups. The current methods to prepare monolayers or few-layer 2D materials include epitaxy growth, mechanical exfoliation, and liquid phase exfoliation. Although two Xenes (aluminene and indiene) have not been synthesized due to the limitations of synthetic methods and the stability of Xenes, other Xenes have been successfully created via elaborate artificial design and synthesis. Focusing on elemental 2D materials, this review mainly summarizes the recently reported work about tuning the electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties of Xenes via surface modifications, achieved using controllable approaches (doping, adsorption, strain, intercalation, phase transition, etc.) to broaden their applications in various fields, including spintronics, electronics, optoelectronics, superconducting, photovoltaics, sensors, catalysis, and biomedicines. These advances in the surface modification of Xenes have laid a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of 2D materials and their practical applications in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhe Huo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xudong Xiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yaping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Matt Science, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.M.)
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Nangare SN, Khan ZG, Patil AG, Patil PO. Design of monoelemental based two dimensional nanoarchitectures for therapeutic, chemical sensing and in vitro diagnosis applications: A case of borophene. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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8
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Fu Y, Liao Y, Li P, Li H, Jiang S, Huang H, Sun W, Li T, Yu H, Li K, Li H, Jia B, Ma T. Layer structured materials for ambient nitrogen fixation. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Chen C, Lv H, Zhang P, Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Ma C, Li W, Wang X, Feng B, Cheng P, Wu X, Wu K, Chen L. Synthesis of bilayer borophene. Nat Chem 2022; 14:25-31. [PMID: 34764470 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As the nearest-neighbour element to carbon, boron is theoretically predicted to have a planar two-dimensional form, named borophene, with novel properties, such as Dirac fermions and superconductivity. Several polymorphs of monolayer borophene have been grown on metal surfaces, yet thicker bilayer and few-layer nanosheets remain elusive. Here we report the synthesis of large-size, single-crystalline bilayer borophene on the Cu(111) surface by molecular beam epitaxy. Combining scanning tunnelling microscopy and first-principles calculations, we show that bilayer borophene consists of two stacked monolayers that are held together by covalent interlayer boron-boron bonding, and each monolayer has β12-like structures with zigzag rows. The formation of a bilayer is associated with a large transfer and redistribution of charge in the first boron layer on Cu(111), which provides additional electrons for the bonding of additional boron atoms, enabling the growth of the second layer. The bilayer borophene is shown to possess metallic character, and be less prone to being oxidized than its monolayer counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhuo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuguang Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation of Quantum Information and Quantum Technology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
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10
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Screening in Graphene: Response to External Static Electric Field and an Image-Potential Problem. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061561. [PMID: 34199308 PMCID: PMC8232008 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed first-principles investigation of the response of a free-standing graphene sheet to an external perpendicular static electric field E. The charge density distribution in the vicinity of the graphene monolayer that is caused by E was determined using the pseudopotential density-functional theory approach. Different geometries were considered. The centroid of this extra density induced by an external electric field was determined as zim = 1.048 Å at vanishing E, and its dependence on E has been obtained. The thus determined zim was employed to construct the hybrid one-electron potential which generates a new set of energies for the image-potential states.
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11
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Ou M, Wang X, Yu L, Liu C, Tao W, Ji X, Mei L. The Emergence and Evolution of Borophene. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001801. [PMID: 34194924 PMCID: PMC8224432 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Neighboring carbon and sandwiched between non-metals and metals in the periodic table of the elements, boron is one of the most chemically and physically versatile elements, and can be manipulated to form dimensionally low planar structures (borophene) with intriguing properties. Herein, the theoretical research and experimental developments in the synthesis of borophene, as well as its excellent properties and application in many fields, are reviewed. The decade-long effort toward understanding the size-dependent structures of boron clusters and the theory-directed synthesis of borophene, including bottom-up approaches based on different foundations, as well as up-down approaches with different exfoliation modes, and the key factors influencing the synthetic effects, are comprehensively summarized. Owing to its excellent chemical, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, borophene has shown great promise in supercapacitor, battery, hydrogen-storage, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, borophene nanoplatforms used in various biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and photonic therapy, are highlighted. Finally, research progress, challenges, and perspectives for the future development of borophene in large-scale production and other prospective applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitong Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational MedicineTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
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Li M, Du EW, Liang YY, Shen YH, Chen J, Ju W, An Y, Gong SJ. Electric control of nearly free electron states and ferromagnetism in the transition-metal dichalcogenides monolayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:205702. [PMID: 33690184 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abed1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using the first-principles calculations, we explore the nearly free electron (NFE) states in the transition-metal dichalcogenidesMX2(M= Mo, W;X= S, Se, Te) monolayers. It is found that both the external electric field and electron (not hole) injection can flexibly tune the energy levels of the NFE states, which can shift down to the Fermi level and result in novel transport properties. In addition, we find that the valley polarization can be induced by both electron and hole doping in MoTe2monolayer due to the ferromagnetism induced by the charge injection, which, however, is not observed in other five kinds ofMX2monolayers. We carefully check band structures of all theMX2monolayers, and find that the exchange splitting in the top of the valence band and the bottom of conduction band plays the key role in the ferromagnetism. Our researches enrich the electronic, spintronic, and valleytronic properties ofMX2monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Wei Du
- Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ye Liang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hao Shen
- Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Ju
- College of Physics and Engineering and Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng An
- School of Physics and Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jing Gong
- Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Kong L, Chen C, Cheng P, Feng B, Wu K, Chen L. Realization of Regular-Mixed Quasi-1D Borophene Chains with Long-Range Order. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005128. [PMID: 33118245 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism of borophene makes it a promising system to realize tunable physical or chemical properties. Various pure borophene phases consisting of quasi-1D boron chains with different widths have been commonly obtained in experimental studies. Here, it is shown that, due to a substrate mediation effect, artificial long-range ordered phases of borophene consisting of different combinations of boron chains seamlessly joined together can be achieved on Ag(100). Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that mixed-chain phases are more stable than the pure phase, and interact only weakly with the substrate. The mixed-chain phases with various proportions of different chains can be well separated based on the crystal direction of the substrate. The successful growth of mixed-chain phases is expected to deepen the impact of substrate tailored synthesis of borophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Longjuan Kong
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Caiyun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
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Haldar A, Cortes CL, Darancet P, Sharifzadeh S. Microscopic Theory of Plasmons in Substrate-Supported Borophene. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2986-2992. [PMID: 32208703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We compute the dielectric properties of freestanding and metal-supported borophene from first-principles time-dependent density functional theory. We find that both the low- and high-energy plasmons of borophene are fully quenched by the presence of a metallic substrate at borophene-metal distances smaller than ≃9 Å. Based on these findings, we derive an electrodynamic model of the interacting, momentum-dependent polarizability for a two-dimensional metal on a model metallic substrate, which quantitatively captures the evolution of the dielectric properties of borophene as a function of metal-borophene distance. Applying this model to a series of metallic substrates, we show that maximizing the plasmon energy detuning between borophene and substrate is the key material descriptor for plasmonic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhab Haldar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Cristian L Cortes
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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Zheng B, Xie Y, Deng Y, Wang Z, Lou Y, Qian Y, He J, Yu H. Highly Effective Work Function Reduction of α‐Borophene via Caesium Decoration: A First‐Principles Investigation. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐yi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Zhao‐qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
- College of Physics Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐qing Lou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Yin‐yin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Hai‐tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 P. R. China
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Xie Z, Meng X, Li X, Liang W, Huang W, Chen K, Chen J, Xing C, Qiu M, Zhang B, Nie G, Xie N, Yan X, Zhang H. Two-Dimensional Borophene: Properties, Fabrication, and Promising Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:2624617. [PMID: 32607497 PMCID: PMC7312787 DOI: 10.34133/2020/2624617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Monoelemental two-dimensional (2D) materials (Xenes) aroused a tremendous attention in 2D science owing to their unique properties and extensive applications. Borophene, one emerging and typical Xene, has been regarded as a promising agent for energy, sensor, and biomedical applications. However, the production of borophene is still a challenge because bulk boron has rather intricate spatial structures and multiple chemical properties. In this review, we describe its excellent properties including the optical, electronic, metallic, semiconducting, photoacoustic, and photothermal properties. The fabrication methods of borophene are also presented including the bottom-up fabrication and the top-down fabrication. In the end, the challenges of borophene in the latest applications are presented and perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518116 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518116 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photovoltaic Devices, Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, College of Electron and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Weiyuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weichun Huang
- Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019 Jiangsu, China
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenyang Xing
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and Nanoscale Systems, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guohui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaobing Yan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photovoltaic Devices, Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, College of Electron and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and Otolaryngology Department and Biobank of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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