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Colli C, Masi I, Jacchetti E, Santoni S, Sponchioni M, Colosimo BM, Rosanò L, Raimondi MT, Mauri E, Moscatelli D. Zwitterionic nanoparticles for thermally activated drug delivery in hyperthermia cancer treatment. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12635-12649. [PMID: 38884523 PMCID: PMC11223588 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Hyperthermia is considered a promising strategy to boost the curative outcome of traditional chemotherapeutic treatments. However, this thermally mediated drug delivery is still affected by important limitations. First, the poor accumulation of the conventional anticancer formulations in the target site limits the bioavailability of the active ingredient and induces off-site effects. In addition, some tumoral scenarios, such as ovarian carcinoma, are characterized by cell thermotolerance, which induces tumoral cells to activate self-protecting mechanisms against high temperatures. To overcome these constraints, we developed thermoresponsive nanoparticles (NPs) with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) to intracellularly deliver a therapeutic payload and release it on demand through hyperthermia stimulation. These NPs were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization and combine polyzwitterionic stabilizing segments and an oligoester-based biodegradable core. By leveraging the pseudo-living nature of RAFT polymerization, important physicochemical properties of the NPs were controlled and optimized, including their cloud point (Tcp) and size. We have tuned the Tcp of NPs to match the therapeutic needs of hyperthermia treatments at 43 °C and tested the nanocarriers in the controlled delivery of paclitaxel, a common anticancer drug. The NPs released almost entirely the encapsulated drug only following 1 h incubation at 43 °C, whereas they retained more than 95% of the payload in the physiological environment (37 °C), thus demonstrating their efficacy as on-demand drug delivery systems. The administration of drug-loaded NPs to ovarian cancer cells led to therapeutic effects outperforming the conventional administration of non-encapsulated paclitaxel, which highlights the potential of the zwitterionic UCST-type NPs as an innovative hyperthermia-responsive drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Colli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Masi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Santoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa, 1, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Bianca Maria Colosimo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa, 1, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Mauri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Lv W, Wang Y, Fu H, Liang Z, Huang B, Jiang R, Wu J, Zhao Y. Recent advances of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers for biomedical application. Acta Biomater 2024; 181:19-45. [PMID: 38729548 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polymers possess equal total positive and negative charges in the repeating units, making them electrically neutral overall. This unique property results in superhydrophilicity, which makes the zwitterionic polymers highly effective in resisting protein adsorption, thus endowing the drug carriers with long blood circulation time, inhibiting thrombus formation on biomedical devices in contact with blood, and ensuring the good sensitivity of sensors in biomedical application. Moreover, zwitterionic polymers have tumor-targeting ability and pH-responsiveness, rendering them ideal candidates for antitumor drug delivery. Additionally, the high ionic conductivity of zwitterionic polymers makes them an important raw material for ionic skin. Zwitterionic polymers exhibit remarkable resistance to bacterial adsorption and growth, proving their suitability in a wide range of biomedical applications such as ophthalmic applications, and wound dressings. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of the different structures and characteristics of zwitterionic polymers and highlight their unique qualities and suitability for biomedical applications. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and challenges that must be overcome to realize the full potential of zwitterionic polymers and present an optimistic perspective for zwitterionic polymers in the biomedical fields. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Zwitterionic polymers have a series of excellent properties such as super hydrophilicity, anti-protein adsorption, antibacterial ability and good ionic conductivity. However, biomedical applications of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers are still a major field to be explored. This review focuses on the design and application of zwitterionic polymers-based nanosystems for targeted and responsive delivery of antitumor drugs and cancer diagnostic agents. Moreover, the use of zwitterionic polymers in various biomedical applications such as biomedical devices in contact with blood, biosensors, ionic skin, ophthalmic applications and wound dressings is comprehensively described. We discuss current results and future challenges for a better understanding of multifunctional zwitterionic polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huayu Fu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Bangqi Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ruiqin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong, China; Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Lai J, Sun J, Li C, Lu J, Tian Y, Liu Y, Zhao C, Zhang M. H-bond-type thermo-responsive schizophrenic copolymers: The phase transition correlation with their parent polymers and the improved protein co-assembly ability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1881-1892. [PMID: 37517188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenic copolymers are one type of the popular smart polymers that show invertible colloidal structures in response to temperature stimulus. However, the lack of principles to predict the phase transition temperature of a schizophrenic copolymer from its corresponding parent thermo-responsive polymers limits their development. Additionally, studies on their applications remain scarce. Herein, a series of schizophrenic copolymers were synthesized by polymerization of a RAFT-made polymer precursor poly(acrylamide-co-N-acryloxysuccinimide-co-acrylic acid) (P(AAm-co-NAS-co-AAc)) with the mixture of N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylamide (AAm) in varying molar ratios. In aqueous solution, the block P(AAm-co-NAS-co-AAc) and the block poly(NIPAm-co-AAm) exhibited upper and lower critical solution temperature (UCST and LCST) behavior, respectively. The schizophrenic copolymers featured either UCST-LCST, LCST-UCST, or only LCST thermo-responsive transition. A preliminary correlation of phase transition between the schizophrenic copolymers and their parent polymers was summarized. Furthermore, the co-assembly of the schizophrenic copolymers and proteins were conducted and the kinetics of protein loading and protein activity were investigated, which showed that the schizophrenic copolymers were efficient platforms for protein co-assembly with ultra-high protein loading while preserving the protein bioactivities. Additionally, all the materials were non-toxic towards NIH 3T3 and MCF-7 cells. This work offers the prospects of the schizophrenic polymers in soft colloidal and assembly systems, particularly in guiding the design of new materials and their use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianlei Lu
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yueyi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chuanzhuang Zhao
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Paganini C, Capasso Palmiero U, Picciotto S, Molinelli A, Porello I, Adamo G, Manno M, Bongiovanni A, Arosio P. High-Yield Separation of Extracellular Vesicles Using Programmable Zwitterionic Coacervates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204736. [PMID: 36367966 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Programmable coacervates based on zwitterionic polymers are designed as dynamic materials for ion exchange bioseparation. These coacervates are proposed as promising materials for the purification of soft nanoparticles such as liposomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs). It is shown that the stimulus-responsiveness of the coacervates and the recruitment of desired molecules can be independently programmed by polymer design. Moreover, the polymeric coacervates can recruit and release intact liposomes, human EVs, and nanoalgosomes in high yields and separate vesicles from different types of impurities, including proteins and nucleic acids. This approach combines the speed and simplicity of precipitation methods and the programmability of chromatography with the gentleness of aqueous two-phase separation, thereby guaranteeing product stability. This material represents a promising alternative for providing a low-shear, gentle, and selective purification method for EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Paganini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Picciotto
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Alessandro Molinelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Porello
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Adamo
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Antonella Bongiovanni
- Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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5
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Xin F, Lyu Q. A Review on Thermal Properties of Hydrogels for Electronic Devices Applications. Gels 2022; 9:gels9010007. [PMID: 36661775 PMCID: PMC9858193 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, as a series of three-dimensional, crosslinked, hydrophilic network polymers, exhibit extraordinary properties in softness, mechanical robustness and biocompatibility, which have been extensively utilized in various fields, especially for electronic devices. However, since hydrogels contain plenty of water, the mechanical and electrochemical properties are susceptible to temperature. The thermal characteristics of hydrogels can significantly affect the performance of flexible electronic devices. In this review, recent research on the thermal characteristics of hydrogels and their applications in electronic devices is summarized. The focus of future work is also proposed. The thermal stability, thermoresponsiveness and thermal conductivity of hydrogels are discussed in detail. Anti-freezing and anti-drying properties are the critical points for the thermal stability of hydrogels. Methods such as introducing soluble ions and organic solvents into hydrogels, forming ionogels, modifying polymer chains and incorporating nanomaterials can improve the thermal stability of hydrogels under extreme environments. In addition, the critical solution temperature is crucial for thermoresponsive hydrogels. The thermoresponsive capacity of hydrogels is usually affected by the composition, concentration, crosslinking degree and hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics of copolymers. In addition, the thermal conductivity of hydrogels plays a vital role in the electronics applications. Adding nanocomposites into hydrogels is an effective way to enhance the thermal conductivity of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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6
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Pinelli F, Saadati M, Rossetti A, Rossi F, Sacchetti A. On the influence of polyethyleneimine modification in nanogel-driven drug delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Synthesis of a dual UCST-type thermosensitive and acid-degradable nanogel based on poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) and a ketal-containing crosslinker. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Qian H, Wang K, Lv M, Zhao C, Wang H, Wen S, Huang D, Chen W, Zhong Y. Recent advances on next generation of polyzwitterion-based nano-vectors for targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2022; 343:492-505. [PMID: 35149143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based nanomedicines are perplexed by the challenges of oxidation damage, immune responses after repeated injections, and limited excretion from the body. As an alternative to PEG, bioinspired zwitterions bearing an identical number of positive and negative ions, exhibit exceptional hydrophilicity, excellent biomimetic nature and chemical malleability, endowing zwitterionic nano-vectors with biocompatibility, non-fouling feature, extended blood circulation and multifunctionality. In this review, we innovatively classify zwitterionic nano-vectors into linear, hyperbranched, crosslinked, and hybrid nanoparticles according to different chemical architectures in rational design of zwitterionic nano-vectors for enhanced drug delivery with an emphasis on zwitterionic engineering innovations as alternatives of PEG-based nanomedicines. Through combination with other nanostratagies, the intelligent zwitterionic nano-vectors can orchestrate stealth and other biological functionalities together to improve the efficacy in the whole journey of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengtong Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changshun Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Suchen Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Engineering Research Center for Smart Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Engineering Research Center for Smart Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yinan Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Morimoto N, Ota K, Miura Y, Shin H, Yamamoto M. Sulfobetaine polymers for effective permeability into multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2649-2660. [PMID: 35024722 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02337c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) are attractive for drug screening before animal tests because they emulate an in vivo microenvironment. The permeability of the MCTSs and tumor tissues towards the candidate drugs is not sufficient even though the drugs can penetrate monolayer cultured cells; therefore, nanocarriers are required to enhance permeability and deliver drugs. In this study, we prepared zwitterionic polymers of sulfobetaine methacrylates and (meth)acrylamides with or without hydroxy groups between the zwitterions to serve as highly permeable nanocarriers. In the sulfobetaine polymers, poly(2-hydroxy-3-((3-methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)propane-1-sulfonate), P(OH-MAAmSB), the hydroxy group containing methacrylamide polymer exhibited little cytotoxicity and membrane translocation ability against monolayer cultured cells. Moreover, the excellent permeability of the hepatocyte MCTS enabled P(OH-MAAmSB) to permeate it and reach the center region (∼325 μm in diameter) at approximately 150 s, although poly(trimethyl-2-methacroyloxyethylammonium), a cationic polymer, penetrated just 1 to 2 layers from the periphery. The superior permeability of P(OH-MAAmSB) might be due to its good solubility and side chain conformation. P(OH-MAAmSB) is a promising nanocarrier with membrane translocation and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Morimoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Ota
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Yuki Miura
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-12 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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10
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Capasso Palmiero U, Paganini C, Kopp MRG, Linsenmeier M, Küffner AM, Arosio P. Programmable Zwitterionic Droplets as Biomolecular Sorters and Model of Membraneless Organelles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104837. [PMID: 34664748 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that cells can regulate biochemical functions in time and space by generating membraneless compartments with well-defined mesoscopic properties. One important mechanism underlying this control is simple coacervation driven by associative disordered proteins that encode multivalent interactions. Inspired by these observations, programmable droplets based on simple coacervation of responsive synthetic polymers that mimic the "stickers-and-spacers" architecture of biological disordered proteins are developed. Zwitterionic polymers that undergo an enthalpy-driven liquid-liquid phase separation process and form liquid droplets that remarkably exclude most molecules are developed. Starting from this reference material, different functional groups in the zwitterionic polymer are progressively added to encode an increasing number of different intermolecular interactions. This strategy allowed the multiple emerging properties of the droplets to be controlled independently, such as stimulus-responsiveness, polarity, selective uptake of client molecules, fusion times, and miscibility. By exploiting this high programmability, a model of cellular compartmentalization is reproduced and droplets capable of confining different molecules in space without physical barriers are generated. Moreover, these biomolecular sorters are demonstrated to be able to localize, separate, and enable the detection of target molecules even within complex mixtures, opening attractive applications in bioseparation, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Paganini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Marie R G Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Linsenmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Küffner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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Hu W, Su YW, Jiang YK, Fan WD, Cheng SY, Tong ZZ, Cen C, Jiang GH. Polymer Vesicles with Upper Critical Solution Temperature for Near-infrared Light-triggered Transdermal Delivery of Metformin in Diabetic Rats. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Semenyuk PI, Kurochkina LP, Mäkinen L, Muronetz VI, Hietala S. Thermocontrolled Reversible Enzyme Complexation-Inactivation-Protection by Poly( N-acryloyl glycinamide). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3601. [PMID: 34685360 PMCID: PMC8540930 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective technology for reversible enzyme complexation accompanied with its inactivation and protection followed by reactivation after a fast thermocontrolled release has been demonstrated. A thermoresponsive polymer with upper critical solution temperature, poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) (PNAGA), which is soluble in water at elevated temperatures but phase separates at low temperatures, has been shown to bind lysozyme, chosen as a model enzyme, at a low temperature (10 °C and lower) but not at room temperature (around 25 °C). The cooling of the mixture of PNAGA and lysozyme solutions from room temperature resulted in the capturing of the protein and the formation of stable complexes; heating it back up was accompanied by dissolving the complexes and the release of the bound lysozyme. Captured by the polymer, lysozyme was inactive, but a temperature-mediated release from the complexes was accompanied by its reactivation. Complexation also partially protected lysozyme from proteolytic degradation by proteinase K, which is useful for biotechnological applications. The obtained results are relevant for important medicinal tasks associated with drug delivery such as the delivery and controlled release of enzyme-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel I. Semenyuk
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (L.P.K.); (V.I.M.)
| | - Lidia P. Kurochkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (L.P.K.); (V.I.M.)
| | - Lauri Mäkinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (L.M.); (S.H.)
| | - Vladimir I. Muronetz
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (L.P.K.); (V.I.M.)
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (L.M.); (S.H.)
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13
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Drozdov AD, deClaville Christiansen J. A model for equilibrium swelling of the upper critical solution temperature type thermoresponsive hydrogels. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey D Drozdov
- Department of Materials and Production Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
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14
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Sun Z, Li Y, Zheng SY, Mao S, He X, Wang X, Yang J. Zwitterionic Nanocapsules with Salt- and Thermo-Responsiveness for Controlled Encapsulation and Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47090-47099. [PMID: 34559520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent polymer nanocapsules that can not only encapsulate substances efficiently but also release them in a controllable manner hold great potential in many applications. To date, although intensive efforts have been made to develop intelligent polymer nanocapsules, how to construct the well-defined core/shell structure with high stability via a straightforward method remains a considerable challenge. In this work, the target novel zwitterionic nanocapsules (ZNCs) with a stable hollow structure were synthesized by inverse reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion interfacial polymerization. The shell gradually grew from the water/oil interface due to the interfacial polymerization, accompanied by the cross-linking of the polyzwitterionic networks, where the core/shell structure could be well-tuned by adjusting the precursor compositions. The resultant ZNCs exhibited a salt-/thermo-induced swelling behavior through the phase transition of the external zwitterionic polymers. To further investigate the functions of ZNCs, different substances, such as methyl orange and bovine serum albumin (BSA), were encapsulated into the ZNCs with a high encapsulation efficiency of 89.3 and 93.6%, respectively. Interestingly, the loaded substances can be controllably released in aqueous solution triggered by salt or temperature variations, and such responsiveness also can be utilized to bounce off the bacteria adhered on target surfaces. We believe that these designed salt- and thermo-responsive intelligent polymer nanocapsules with well-defined core/shell structures and antifouling surfaces should be a promising platform for biomedical and saline related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Si Yu Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shihua Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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Auriemma R, Sponchioni M, Capasso Palmiero U, Manfredini N, Razavi Dinani FS, Moscatelli D. Synthesis of a Diapocynin Prodrug for Its Prolonged Release from Zwitterionic Biodegradable Nanoparticles. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Auriemma
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1‐5/10 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Razavi Dinani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano Via Mancinelli 7 Milano 20131 Italy
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16
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Auriemma R, Sponchioni M, Lotti S, Morosi L, Zucchetti M, Lupi M, Moscatelli D, Capasso Palmiero U. Preformed Biodegradable Zwitterionic Nanoparticles as Tunable Excipients for the Formulation of Therapeutics Directly at the Point of Care. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Auriemma
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Sophia Lotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Lavinia Morosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Monica Lupi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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17
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Auriemma R, Sponchioni M, Capasso Palmiero U, Rossino G, Rossetti A, Marsala A, Collina S, Sacchetti A, Moscatelli D, Peviani M. Synthesis and Characterization of a "Clickable" PBR28 TSPO-Selective Ligand Derivative Suitable for the Functionalization of Biodegradable Polymer Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071693. [PMID: 34203263 PMCID: PMC8308144 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive microgliosis is a pathological hallmark that accompanies neuronal demise in many neurodegenerative diseases, ranging from acute brain/spinal cord injuries to chronic diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and age-related dementia. One strategy to assess and monitor microgliosis is to use positron emission tomography (PET) by exploiting radioligands selective for the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) which is highly upregulated in the brain in pathological conditions. Several TSPO ligands have been developed and validated, so far. Among these, PBR28 has been widely adopted for PET imaging at both preclinical and clinical levels, thanks to its high brain penetration and high selectivity. For this reason, PBR28 represents a good candidate for functionalization strategies, where this ligand could be exploited to drive selective targeting of TSPO-expressing cells. Since the PBR28 structure lacks functional moieties that could be exploited for derivatization, in this work we explored a synthetic pathway for the synthesis of a PBR28 derivative carrying an alkyne group (PBR-alkyne), enabling the fast conjugation of the ligand through azide-alkyne cycloaddition, also known as click-chemistry. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated in silico that the derivatized PBR28 ligand maintains the capability to fit into the TSPO binding pocked, and we successfully exploited PBR-alkyne to decorate zwitterionic biodegradable polymer nanoparticles (NPs) resulting in efficient internalization in cultured microglia-like cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Auriemma
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Arianna Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Andrea Marsala
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (R.A.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Marco Peviani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Gene Therapy Program, Dana Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (M.P.)
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18
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Manfredini N, Merigo M, Ilare J, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Limonene-in-water Pickering emulsion and on-demand separation using thermo-responsive biodegradable nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8543-8554. [PMID: 33908992 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00694k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, Pickering emulsions have regained attention due to the possibility of forming stable oil-in-water emulsions with interesting interfacial properties. As an example, the more and more stringent regulations on the products for home and personal care are pushing the market towards the use of biodegradable materials in order to reduce their environmental impact. In this scenario, an appealing opportunity is offered by the use of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for the stabilization of fragrance oils in water. In this work, modular biodegradable NPs have been synthesized through a combination of ring opening polymerization and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization and used to produce limonene-in-water Pickering emulsions. This strategy allowed controlling independently the NP size, polymer molecular weight, and hydrophobicity acting on the microstructure of the constituting copolymers. Stable limonene-in-water Pickering emulsions could be obtained, with the size of the oil phase and the wetting by limonene that can be strictly controlled by tuning the NP physico-chemical properties. Finally, the adoption of thermo-responsive polymer chains within the shell of the Pickering emulsifiers enabled the on-demand destabilization of the emulsions and hence the selective dispensing of limonene by simply increasing the temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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Manfredini N, Tomasoni M, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Influence of the Polymer Microstructure over the Phase Separation of Thermo-Responsive Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1032. [PMID: 33810300 PMCID: PMC8037153 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermo-responsive nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., colloids with a sharp and often reversible phase separation in response to thermal stimuli, are coming to the forefront due to their dynamic behavior, useful in applications ranging from biomedicine to advanced separations and smart optics. What is guiding the macroscopic behavior of these systems above their critical temperature is mainly the microstructure of the polymer chains of which these NPs are comprised. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the influence of the polymer properties over the thermal response is highly required to reproducibly target a specific behavior. In this study, we synthesized thermo-responsive NPs with different size, polymeric microstructure and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and investigated the role of these properties over their phase separation. We first synthesized four different thermo-responsive oligomers via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate. Then, exploiting the RAFT living character, we chain-extended these oligomers with butyl methacrylate obtaining a library of NPs. Finally, we investigated the NP thermo-responsive behavior, their physical state above the cloud point (Tcp) as well as their reversibility once the stimulus is removed. We concluded that the solid content plays a minor role compared to the relative length of the two blocks forming the polymer chains. In particular, the longer the stabilizer, the more favored the formation of a gel. At the same time, the reversibility is mainly achieved at high HLB, independently from the absolute lengths of the block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (N.M.); (M.T.); (D.M.)
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20
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Küffner AM, Linsenmeier M, Grigolato F, Prodan M, Zuccarini R, Capasso Palmiero U, Faltova L, Arosio P. Sequestration within biomolecular condensates inhibits Aβ-42 amyloid formation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4373-4382. [PMID: 34163700 PMCID: PMC8179469 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04395h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are emerging as an efficient strategy developed by cells to control biochemical reactions in space and time by locally modifying composition and environment. Yet, local increase in protein concentration within these compartments could promote aberrant aggregation events, including the nucleation and growth of amyloid fibrils. Understanding protein stability within the crowded and heterogeneous environment of biological condensates is therefore crucial, not only when the aggregation-prone protein is the scaffold element of the condensates but also when proteins are recruited as client molecules within the compartments. Here, we investigate the partitioning and aggregation kinetics of the amyloidogenic peptide Abeta42 (Aβ-42), the peptide strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease, recruited into condensates based on low complexity domains (LCDs) derived from the DEAD-box proteins Laf1, Dbp1 and Ddx4, which are associated with biological membraneless organelles. We show that interactions between Aβ-42 and the scaffold proteins promote sequestration and local increase of the peptide concentration within the condensates. Yet, heterotypic interactions within the condensates inhibit the formation of amyloid fibrils. These results demonstrate that biomolecular condensates could sequester aggregation-prone proteins and prevent aberrant aggregation events, despite the local increase in their concentration. Biomolecular condensates could therefore work not only as hot-spots of protein aggregation but also as protective reservoirs, since the heterogenous composition of the condensates could prevent the formation of ordered fibrillar aggregates. Biomolecular condensates sequester an aggregation-prone peptide and prevent its aggregation, showing that heterotypic interactions within the condensates can prevent the formation of amyloid fibrils, despite the local increase in concentration.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Küffner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Miriam Linsenmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Marc Prodan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Remo Zuccarini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Lenka Faltova
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich Zurich 8093 Switzerland
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21
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Xia Y, Xu X, Yu H, Zhou C, Nie Z, Yang J, Qian J, Ni H. Preparation of zwitterionic microspheres of PDMAEMA-b-PMAA by RAFT dispersion polymerization in alcohol, their pH-sensitivity in water, and self-assembly in KCl solution. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Capasso Palmiero U, Sponchioni M, Margani F, Moscatelli D, Galimberti M, Barbera V. A Graphene-Based Supramolecular Nanoreactor for the Fast Synthesis of Imines in Water. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001207. [PMID: 32893464 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The confinement of organic synthesis within waterborne nanoreactors is regarded with increasing attention to improve its yield and reduce the environmental impact. However, many catalysts, such as graphene, are barely dispersible in aqueous media and many chemical reactions cannot be performed in the presence of water due to thermodynamic limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies to carry out these processes in more sustainable conditions. To pursue this goal, in this work, a waterborne supramolecular nanoreactor is developed. The system comprises a polymeric micelle obtained from the self-assembly of pyrrole-based amphiphilic block copolymers. The active catalytic component is represented by few graphene layers, functionalized with pyrrole to enhance their interaction with the micelle core and hence their nanoencapsulation. Using this nanoreactor, it is possible to synthesize imines starting from primary amines and aldehydes or ketones with high yield and in short time (Y = 90% after 5 min) at room temperature. Moreover, an efficient strategy to recycle the reactor is proposed, thus increasing the potential of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Fatima Margani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Maurizio Galimberti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
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Influence of the Core Formulation on Features and Drug Delivery Ability of Carbamate-Based Nanogels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186621. [PMID: 32927733 PMCID: PMC7555386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, nanogels have emerged as one of the most promising classes of novel drug delivery vehicles since they can be employed in multiple fields, such as various therapeutics or diagnostics, and with different classes of compounds and active molecules. Their features, such as a high volume to surface ratio, excellent drug loading and release ability, as well as biocompatibility and tunable behavior, are unique, and, nowadays, great efforts are made to develop new formulations that can be employed in a wider range of applications. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polyethylenimine (PEI) nanogels probably represent the baseline of this class of biomaterials and they are still largely employed and studied. In any way, the possibility to exploit new core formulations for nanogels is certainly very interesting in order to understand the influence of different polymer chains on the final properties of the system. In this research, we explore and make a comparison between PEG-PEI nanogels and two other different formulations: pluronic F127-PEI nanogels and PEG-Jeffamine nanogels. We propose nanogels synthesis methods, their chemical and physical characterization, as well as their stability analysis, and we focus on the different drug delivery ability that these structures exhibit working with different typologies of drug mimetics.
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Zanoni A, Gardoni G, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Valorisation of glycerol and CO2 to produce biodegradable polymer nanoparticles with a high percentage of bio-based components. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Sponchioni M, Manfredini N, Zanoni A, Scibona E, Morbidelli M, Moscatelli D. Readily Adsorbable Thermoresponsive Polymers for the Preparation of Smart Cell-Culturing Surfaces on Site. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5337-5345. [PMID: 33455282 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of several cell therapy products is directly impacted by trypsinization, which can diminish the engrafting capacity of transplanted cells by cleaving cell surface receptors. Thermoresponsive surfaces can alleviate this drawback, enabling temperature-driven and enzyme-free cell harvesting. However, the production of thermoresponsive surfaces relies on dedicated and complex equipment, often involving protocols dependent on high surface activation energies that prevent the development of scalable and universal platforms. In this work, we developed thermoresponsive copolymers incorporating styrene units that enable the copolymer adsorption on tissue culture polystyrene surfaces from an alcoholic solution in a short time, regardless of the vessel size and geometry, and without any particular equipment. In this way, the procedure can be performed with minimal effort by the end user on any surface. The thermoresponsive copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, providing high control over the polymer microstructure, a key parameter for tuning its cloud point and architecture. Block copolymers comprising a thermoresponsive segment and a polystyrene block exhibited optimal adhesion on conventional cell culture surfaces and permitted a more efficient temperature-mediated harvesting of adipose-derived stromal cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells compared to their statistical counterparts. To expand the application of this polymer deposition protocol to serum-free cell culture, we also considered the polymer modification with the tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, known to promote the cell adhesion to synthetic substrates. The incorporation of this peptide enabled the collection in serum-free conditions of intact cell sheets from surfaces prepared shortly before their usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Sponchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 2013 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Manfredini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 2013 Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 2013 Milano, Italy
| | - Ernesto Scibona
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 2013 Milano, Italy
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Concentration of Polymer Nanoparticles Through Dialysis: Efficacy and Comparison With Lyophilization for PEGylated and Zwitterionic Systems. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2607-2614. [PMID: 32422318 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention as carriers for drug delivery. However, one of the main factors limiting their transition to the market is their premature degradation and release of the payload during the storage. Therefore, for increasing the formulation shelf-life, the removal of water is of paramount importance. In this work, we synthesized both polyethylene glycol (PEG)-stabilized and zwitterionic NPs via Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization. We demonstrated that lyophilization leads the PEGylated NPs to irreversible aggregation, while the stability of the zwitterionic NPs was preserved only using a cryoprotectant. Therefore, we developed an alternative method for the NP concentration, based on the dialysis against a concentrated PEG solution. This method was optimized in terms of concentration factor (Fc), the ratio between the final and initial NP concentration, by acting on the PEG concentration in the dialysis medium, on its volume and on the initial NP concentration. With this approach, Fc up to 40 can be achieved in less than 10 h, preserving the possibility of redispersing the NPs to their original particle size distribution. Therefore, the dialysis proposed herein is a valuable alternative to lyophilization for the concentration of polymer NPs preserving their stability.
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