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Lim S, Nguyen KV, Lee WH. Enhancing Sensitivity in Gas Detection: Porous Structures in Organic Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2862. [PMID: 38732968 PMCID: PMC11086080 DOI: 10.3390/s24092862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Gas detection is crucial for detecting environmentally harmful gases. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based gas sensors have attracted attention due to their promising performance and potential for integration into flexible and wearable devices. This review examines the operating mechanisms of OFET-based gas sensors and explores methods for improving sensitivity, with a focus on porous structures. Researchers have achieved significant enhancements in sensor performance by controlling the thickness and free volume of the organic semiconductor layer. Additionally, innovative fabrication techniques like self-assembly and etching have been used to create porous structures, facilitating the diffusion of target gas molecules, and improving sensor response and recovery. These advancements in porous structure fabrication suggest a promising future for OFET-based gas sensors, offering increased sensitivity and selectivity across various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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2
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Intramolecular cyclization in hyperbranched star copolymers via one-pot Am+Bn+C1 step-growth polymerization resulting in decreased cyclic defect. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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3
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Song Z, Ma Y, Morrin A, Ding C, Luo X. Preparation and electrochemical sensing application of porous conducting polymers. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Yan Y, Yang G, Xu JL, Zhang M, Kuo CC, Wang SD. Conducting polymer-inorganic nanocomposite-based gas sensors: a review. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 21:768-786. [PMID: 33488297 PMCID: PMC7801028 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1820845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of conductive polymers, they have shown great potential in room-temperature chemical gas detection, as their electrical conductivity can be changed upon exposure to oxidative or reductive gas molecules at room temperature. However, due to their relatively low conductivity and high affinity toward volatile organic compounds and water molecules, they always exhibit low sensitivity, poor stability, and gas selectivity, which hinder their practical gas sensor applications. In addition, inorganic sensitive materials show totally different advantages in gas sensors, such as high sensitivity, fast response to low concentration analytes, high surface area, and versatile surface chemistry, which could complement the conducting polymers in terms of the sensing characteristics. It seems to be a win-win choice to combine inorganic sensitive materials with polymers for gas detection due to their synergistic effects, which has attracted extensive interests in gas-sensing applications. In this review, we summarize the recent development in polymer-inorganic nanocomposite based gas sensors. The roles of inorganic nanomaterials in improving the gas-sensing performances of conducting polymers are introduced and the progress of conducting polymer-inorganic nanocomposites including metal oxides, metal, carbon (carbon nanotube, graphene), and ternary composites are presented. Finally, a conclusion and a perspective in the field of gas sensors incorporating conducting polymer-inorganic nanocomposite are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R.China
| | - Guiqin Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Long Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics (IMO), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Liang J, Song Z, Wang S, Zhao X, Tong Y, Ren H, Guo S, Tang Q, Liu Y. Cobweb-like, Ultrathin Porous Polymer Films for Ultrasensitive NO 2 Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52992-53002. [PMID: 33170620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors based on polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) have drawn much attention owing to the inherent merits of specific selectivity, low cost, and room temperature operation. Ultrathin (<10 nm) and porous polymer semiconductor films offer a golden opportunity for achieving high-performance gas sensors. However, wafer-scale fabrication of such high-quality polymer films is of great challenge and has rarely been realized before. Herein, the first demonstration of 4 in. wafer-scale, cobweb-like, and ultrathin porous polymer films is reported via a one-step phase-inversion process. This approach is extremely simple and universal for constructing various ultrathin porous polymer semiconductor films. Thanks to the abundant pores, ultrathin size, and high charge-transfer efficiency of the prepared polymer films, our gas sensors exhibit many superior advantages, including ultrahigh response (2.46 × 106%), low limit of detection (LOD) (<1 ppm), and excellent selectivity. Thus, the proposed fabrication strategy is exceptionally promising for mass manufacturing of low-cost high-performance polymer FET-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hang Ren
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shanlei Guo
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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Meng L, Turner APF, Mak WC. Tunable 3D nanofibrous and bio-functionalised PEDOT network explored as a conducting polymer-based biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 159:112181. [PMID: 32364937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers that possess good electrochemical properties, nanostructured morphology and functionality for bioconjugation are essential to realise the concept of all-polymer-based biosensors that do not depend on traditional nanocatalysts such as carbon materials, metal, metal oxides or dyes. In this research, we demonstrated a facile approach for the simultaneous preparation of a bi-functional PEDOT interface with a tunable 3D nanofibrous network and carboxylic acid groups (i.e. Nano-PEDOT-COOH) via controlled co-polymerisation of EDOT and EDOT-COOH monomers, using tetrabutylammonium perchlorate as a soft-template. By tuning the ratio between EDOT and EDOT-COOH monomer, the nanofibrous structure and carboxylic acid functionalisation of Nano-PEDOT-COOH were varied over a fibre diameter range of 15.6 ± 3.7 to 70.0 ± 9.5 nm and a carboxylic acid group density from 0.03 to 0.18 μmol cm-2. The nanofibres assembled into a three-dimensional network with a high specific surface area, which contributed to low charge transfer resistance and high transduction activity towards the co-enzyme NADH, delivering a wide linear range of 20-960 μM and a high sensitivity of 0.224 μA μM-1 cm-2 at the Nano-PEDOT-COOH50% interface. Furthermore, the carboxylic acid groups provide an anchoring site for the stable immobilisation of an NADH-dependent dehydrogenase (i.e. lactate dehydrogenase), via EDC/S-NHS chemistry, for the fabrication of a Bio-Nano-PEDOT-based biosensor for lactate detection which had a response time of less than 10 s over the range of 0.05-1.8 mM. Our developed bio-Nano-PEDOT interface shows future potential for coupling with multi-biorecognition molecules via carboxylic acid groups for the development of a range of advanced all-polymer biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyin Meng
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anthony P F Turner
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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Wang R, Xue Y, Jiang F, Zhou W, Xu J, Duan X, Zhu D, Xu L, Cai Y, Liang A. Trifluoromethyl functionalized polyindoles: electrosynthesis, characterization, and improved capacitive performance. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl functionalized polyindoles, comb-like 5-PFMIn and flower-like 6-PFMIn, are prepared and they exhibit high specific capacitance and good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings
| | - Yu Xue
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Fengxing Jiang
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Xuemin Duan
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Liming Xu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Cai
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
| | - Aiqin Liang
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII)
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
- Nanchang 330013
- P. R. China
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