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Johann F, Wöll S, Gieseler H. "Negative" Impact: The Role of Payload Charge in the Physicochemical Stability of Auristatin Antibody-Drug Conjugates. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00150-3. [PMID: 38679233 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) tend to be less stable than their parent antibodies, which is often attributed to the hydrophobic nature of their drug payloads. This study investigated how the payload charge affects ADC stability by comparing two interchain cysteine ADCs that had matched drug-to-antibody ratios and identical linkers but differently charged auristatin payloads, vcMMAE (neutral) and vcMMAF (negative). Both ADCs exhibited higher aggregation than their parent antibody under shaking stress and thermal stress conditions. However, conjugation with vcMMAF increased the aggregation rates to a greater extent than conjugation with uncharged but more hydrophobic vcMMAE. Consistent with the payload logD values, ADC-vcMMAE showed the greatest increase in hydrophobicity but minor changes in charge compared with the parent antibody, as indicated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and capillary electrophoresis data. In contrast, ADC-vcMMAF showed a decrease in net charge and isoelectric point along with an increase in charge heterogeneity. This charge alteration likely contributed to a reduced electrostatic repulsion and increased surface activity in ADC-vcMMAF, thus affecting its aggregation propensity. These findings suggest that not only the hydrophobicity of the payload, but also its charge should be considered as a critical factor affecting the stability of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Johann
- Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Freeze Drying Focus Group (FDFG), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Merck KGaA, Global CMC Development, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen Wöll
- Merck KGaA, Global CMC Development, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Henning Gieseler
- Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Freeze Drying Focus Group (FDFG), Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; GILYOS GmbH, Friedrich-Bergius-Ring 15, 97076 Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Jia Z, Zhu X, Zhou Y, Wu J, Cao M, Hu C, Yu L, Xu R, Chen Z. Polypeptides from traditional Chinese medicine: Comprehensive review of perspective towards cancer management. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129423. [PMID: 38232868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has always been a focus of global attention, and the difficulty of treatment and poor prognosis have always plagued humanity. Conventional chemotherapeutics and treatment with synthetic disciplines will cause adverse side effects and drug resistance. Therefore, searching for a safe, valid, and clinically effective drug is necessary. At present, some natural compounds have proved to have the potential to fight cancer. Polypeptides obtained from traditional Chinese medicine are good anti-cancer ingredients. The anticancer activity has been fully demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. However, most of the functional studies on traditional Chinese medicine polypeptides are at the stage of basic experimental research, and fewer of them have been applied to clinical trials. Hence, this review mainly discusses the chemical structure, extraction, separation and purification methods, the anti-cancer mechanism, and structure-activity relationships of traditional Chinese medicine polypeptides. It provides theoretical support for strengthening the rapid separation and purification and the overall efficacy and mechanism of action, as well as the industrialization and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mayijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Li C, Jin K. Chemical Strategies towards the Development of Effective Anticancer Peptides. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1839-1873. [PMID: 37170992 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230426111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is increasingly recognized as one of the primary causes of death and has become a multifaceted global health issue. Modern medical science has made significant advancements in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer over the past decade. The detrimental side effects, lack of efficacy, and multidrug resistance of conventional cancer therapies have created an urgent need for novel anticancer therapeutics or treatments with low cytotoxicity and drug resistance. The pharmaceutical groups have recognized the crucial role that peptide therapeutic agents can play in addressing unsatisfied healthcare demands and how these become great supplements or even preferable alternatives to biological therapies and small molecules. Anticancer peptides, as a vibrant therapeutic strategy against various cancer cells, have demonstrated incredible anticancer potential due to high specificity and selectivity, low toxicity, and the ability to target the surface of traditional "undruggable" proteins. This review will provide the research progression of anticancer peptides, mainly focusing on the discovery and modifications along with the optimization and application of these peptides in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Kang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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4
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Hurwitz J, Haggstrom LR, Lim E. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Ushering in a New Era of Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2017. [PMID: 37631232 PMCID: PMC10458257 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have provided new therapeutic options and significant promise for patients with cancer, particularly where existing treatments are limited. Substantial effort in ADC development is underway globally, with 13 ADCs currently approved and many more in development. The therapeutic benefits of ADCs leverage the ability to selectively target cancer cells through antibody binding, resultant relative sparing of non-malignant tissues, and the targeted delivery of a cytotoxic payload. Consequently, this drug class has demonstrated activity in multiple malignancies refractory to standard therapeutic options. Despite this, limitations exist, including narrow therapeutic windows, unique toxicity profiles, development of therapeutic resistance, and appropriate biomarker selection. This review will describe the development of ADCs, their mechanisms of action, pivotal trials, and approved indications and identify common themes. Current challenges and opportunities will be discussed for this drug class in cancer therapeutics at a time when significant developments in antibody therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted agents are occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hurwitz
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2053, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | | - Elgene Lim
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2053, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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5
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Wu H, Ding X, Chen Y, Cai Y, Yang Z, Jin J. Constructed Tumor-Targeted and MMP-2 Biocleavable Antibody Conjugated Silica Nanoparticles for Efficient Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12752-12760. [PMID: 37065049 PMCID: PMC10099448 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are an inevitable trend in the development of modern "precision medicine". The goal of this work is to produce enzyme-responsive antibody nanoparticle-loaded medication (FMSN-Dox-H2-AE01) based on the EGFR antibody (AE01) and human serum albumin (HSA) shelled mesoporous silica nanoparticles. HSA and antibodies on the surface of the particlescan not only enhance the biocompatibility of the particle and avoid early drug leakage but also allow selective biodegradation triggered by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which are overexpressed enzymes in some tumor tissues. The cytotoxicity test confirmed favorable safety and efficacy of the ADC. The mortality rate of cancer cells is about 85-90%. Moreover, the antibody nanoparticle-loaded drug showed distinguishing controlled release efficiency toward cancer cells induced by different levels of MMP-2 and pH. This enzyme-responsive FMSN-Dox-H2-AE01 offers a promising option for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214000, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xuefeng Ding
- School
of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214000, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214000, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zhaoqi Yang
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214000, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jian Jin
- School
of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214000, People’s Republic
of China
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6
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Cheng-Sánchez I, Moya-Utrera F, Porras-Alcalá C, López-Romero JM, Sarabia F. Antibody-Drug Conjugates Containing Payloads from Marine Origin. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080494. [PMID: 36005497 PMCID: PMC9410405 DOI: 10.3390/md20080494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an important class of therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. Structurally, an ADC comprises an antibody, which serves as the delivery system, a payload drug that is a potent cytotoxin that kills cancer cells, and a chemical linker that connects the payload with the antibody. Unlike conventional chemotherapy methods, an ADC couples the selective targeting and pharmacokinetic characteristics related to the antibody with the potent cytotoxicity of the payload. This results in high specificity and potency by reducing off-target toxicities in patients by limiting the exposure of healthy tissues to the cytotoxic drug. As a consequence of these outstanding features, significant research efforts have been devoted to the design, synthesis, and development of ADCs, and several ADCs have been approved for clinical use. The ADC field not only relies upon biology and biochemistry (antibody) but also upon organic chemistry (linker and payload). In the latter, total synthesis of natural and designed cytotoxic compounds, together with the development of novel synthetic strategies, have been key aspects of the consecution of clinical ADCs. In the case of payloads from marine origin, impressive structural architectures and biological properties are observed, thus making them prime targets for chemical synthesis and the development of ADCs. In this review, we explore the molecular and biological diversity of ADCs, with particular emphasis on those containing marine cytotoxic drugs as the payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Cheng-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Moya-Utrera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (J.M.L.-R.); (F.S.)
| | - Cristina Porras-Alcalá
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (J.M.L.-R.); (F.S.)
| | - Juan M. López-Romero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (J.M.L.-R.); (F.S.)
| | - Francisco Sarabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (J.M.L.-R.); (F.S.)
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7
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Evans N, Grygorash R, Williams P, Kyle A, Kantner T, Pathak R, Sheng X, Simoes F, Makwana H, Resende R, de Juan E, Jenkins A, Morris D, Michelet A, Jewitt F, Rudge F, Camper N, Manin A, McDowell W, Pabst M, Godwin A, Frigerio M, Bird M. Incorporation of Hydrophilic Macrocycles Into Drug-Linker Reagents Produces Antibody-Drug Conjugates With Enhanced in vivo Performance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:764540. [PMID: 35784686 PMCID: PMC9247464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.764540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have begun to fulfil their promise as targeted cancer therapeutics with ten clinical approvals to date. As the field matures, much attention has focused upon the key factors required to produce safe and efficacious ADCs. Recently the role that linker-payload reagent design has on the properties of ADCs has been highlighted as an important consideration for developers. We have investigated the effect of incorporating hydrophilic macrocycles into reagent structures on the in vitro and in vivo behavior of ADCs. Bis-sulfone based disulfide rebridging reagents bearing Val-Cit-PABC-MMAE linker-payloads were synthesized with a panel of cyclodextrins and crown ethers integrated into their structures via a glutamic acid branching point. Brentuximab was selected as a model antibody and ten ADCs with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 4 were prepared for biological evaluation. In vitro, the ADCs prepared showed broadly similar potency (range: 16–34 pM) and were comparable to Adcetris® (16 pM). In vivo, the cyclodextrin containing ADCs showed greater efficacy than Adcetris® and the most efficacious variant (incorporating a 3′-amino-α-cyclodextrin component) matched a 24-unit poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) containing comparator. The ADCs bearing crown ethers also displayed enhanced in vivo efficacy compared to Adcetris®, the most active variant (containing a 1-aza-42-crown-14 macrocycle) was superior to an analogous ADC with a larger 24-unit PEG chain. In summary, we have demonstrated that hydrophilic macrocycles can be effectively incorporated into ADC reagent design and offer the potential for enhanced alternatives to established drug-linker architectures.
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8
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Cegłowska M, Szubert K, Grygier B, Lenart M, Plewka J, Milewska A, Lis K, Szczepański A, Chykunova Y, Barreto-Duran E, Pyrć K, Kosakowska A, Mazur-Marzec H. Pseudanabaena galeata CCNP1313—Biological Activity and Peptides Production. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050330. [PMID: 35622577 PMCID: PMC9146944 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Even cyanobacteria from ecosystems of low biodiversity, such as the Baltic Sea, can constitute a rich source of bioactive metabolites. Potent toxins, enzyme inhibitors, and anticancer and antifungal agents were detected in both bloom-forming species and less commonly occurring cyanobacteria. In previous work on the Baltic Pseudanabaena galeata CCNP1313, the induction of apoptosis in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was documented. Here, the activity of the strain was further explored using human dermal fibroblasts, African green monkey kidney, cancer cell lines (T47D, HCT-8, and A549ACE2/TMPRSS2) and viruses (SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, and WNV). In the tests, extracts, chromatographic fractions, and the main components of the P. galeata CCNP1313 fractions were used. The LC-MS/MS analyses of the tested samples led to the detection of forty-five peptides. For fourteen of the new peptides, putative structures were proposed based on MS/MS spectra. Although the complex samples (i.e., extracts and chromatographic fractions) showed potent cytotoxic and antiviral activities, the effects of the isolated compounds were minor. The study confirmed the significance of P. galeata CCNP1313 as a source of metabolites with potent activity. It also illustrated the difficulties in assigning the observed biological effects to specific metabolites, especially when they are produced in minute amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cegłowska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (H.M.-M.)
| | - Karolina Szubert
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, M. J. Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Beata Grygier
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland; (B.G.); (M.L.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (Y.C.); (E.B.-D.); (K.P.)
| | - Marzena Lenart
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland; (B.G.); (M.L.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (Y.C.); (E.B.-D.); (K.P.)
| | - Jacek Plewka
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland; (B.G.); (M.L.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (Y.C.); (E.B.-D.); (K.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Milewska
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland; (B.G.); (M.L.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (Y.C.); (E.B.-D.); (K.P.)
| | - Kinga Lis
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland; (B.G.); (M.L.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (Y.C.); (E.B.-D.); (K.P.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, PL-31155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Artur Szczepański
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland; (B.G.); (M.L.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (Y.C.); (E.B.-D.); (K.P.)
| | - Yuliya Chykunova
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland; (B.G.); (M.L.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (Y.C.); (E.B.-D.); (K.P.)
| | - Emilia Barreto-Duran
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland; (B.G.); (M.L.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (Y.C.); (E.B.-D.); (K.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Pyrć
- Virogenetics Laboratory of Virology, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, PL-30387 Cracow, Poland; (B.G.); (M.L.); (J.P.); (A.M.); (K.L.); (A.S.); (Y.C.); (E.B.-D.); (K.P.)
| | - Alicja Kosakowska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland;
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, M. J. Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (H.M.-M.)
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9
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Singh SB. Discovery and Development of Dolastatin 10-Derived Antibody Drug Conjugate Anticancer Drugs. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:666-687. [PMID: 35072477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dolastatin 10 is an extremely potent broad-spectrum antitubulin anticancer pentapeptide isolated from Dolabella auricularia. The two-dimensional structure was elucidated by NMR and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute configuration was determined by a convergent total synthesis. SAR studies established that modifications at C- and N-terminals were tolerated for cytotoxic activity. Human clinical trials of dolastatin 10 and auristatin PE (a C-terminal analog) showed occasional signs of efficacy but failed due to lack of separation of toxicity and efficacy. Nanomolar cytotoxicity helped transition this class of pentapeptides to the next phase of development as antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) by reducing systemic toxicity. Four ADC drugs (Adcetris, Padcev, Polivy, and Blenrep) carrying monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE, vedotin) and monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF, mafodotin) payloads have been approved for treatment of a number of cancers expressing antibody-specific antigens. More than 36 ADCs carrying a variety of pentapeptide analogues are undergoing preclinical and clinical developments. They are being evaluated in more than 200 human trials. A comprehensive review of the discovery, total synthesis of dolastatin 10 and new amino acids, SAR studies of dolastatin 10 and auristatins, conjugations to antibodies, and preclinical and clinical development of ADCs have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo B Singh
- SBS Pharma Consulting LLC, Edison, New Jersey 08820, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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10
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Matsuda Y. Current approaches for the purification of antibody-drug conjugates. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:27-37. [PMID: 34473399 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, antibody-drug conjugates have gained increasing attention because they expand the therapeutic index when compared with that of traditional chemotherapies. Antibody-drug conjugates are highly complex structures consisting of antibodies covalently conjugated with small-molecule cytotoxic drugs. The complex structure of antibody-drug conjugates makes chemistry, manufacturing, and control difficult. In contrast to antibody production, distinct purification methods following conjugation of antibodies with drug-linkers are required for the manufacturing. For process development of antibody drug conjugates, the drug-to-antibody ratio, free drug-linkers, and aggregates are critical quality attributes that must be strictly controlled and removed by appropriate purification techniques. In this review, features of various purification methods used to purify antibody drug conjugates are described and evaluated. The future landscape of the antibody-conjugates field is also discussed briefly.
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11
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Gao G, Wang Y, Hua H, Li D, Tang C. Marine Antitumor Peptide Dolastatin 10: Biological Activity, Structural Modification and Synthetic Chemistry. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:363. [PMID: 34202685 PMCID: PMC8303260 DOI: 10.3390/md19070363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolastatin 10 (Dol-10), a leading marine pentapeptide isolated from the Indian Ocean mollusk Dolabella auricularia, contains three unique amino acid residues. Dol-10 can effectively induce apoptosis of lung cancer cells and other tumor cells at nanomolar concentration, and it has been developed into commercial drugs for treating some specific lymphomas, so it has received wide attention in recent years. In vitro experiments showed that Dol-10 and its derivatives were highly lethal to common tumor cells, such as L1210 leukemia cells (IC50 = 0.03 nM), small cell lung cancer NCI-H69 cells (IC50 = 0.059 nM), and human prostate cancer DU-145 cells (IC50 = 0.5 nM), etc. With the rise of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), milestone progress was made in clinical research based on Dol-10. A variety of ADCs constructed by combining MMAE or MMAF (Dol-10 derivatives) with a specific antibody not only ensured the antitumor activity of the drugs themself but also improved their tumor targeting and reduced the systemic toxicity. They are currently undergoing clinical trials or have been approved for marketing, such as Adcetris®, which had been approved for the treatment of anaplastic large T-cell systemic malignant lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Dol-10, as one of the most medically valuable natural compounds discovered up to now, has brought unprecedented hope for tumor treatment. It is particularly noteworthy that, by modifying the chemical structure of Dol-10 and combining with the application of ADCs technology, Dol-10 as a new drug candidate still has great potential for development. In this review, the biological activity and chemical work of Dol-10 in the advance of antitumor drugs in the last 35 years will be summarized, which will provide the support for pharmaceutical researchers interested in leading exploration of antitumor marine peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Gao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China;
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.H.); (D.L.)
| | - Yanbing Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.H.); (D.L.)
| | - Dahong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, and School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (H.H.); (D.L.)
| | - Chunlan Tang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China;
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Qamar H, Hussain K, Soni A, Khan A, Hussain T, Chénais B. Cyanobacteria as Natural Therapeutics and Pharmaceutical Potential: Role in Antitumor Activity and as Nanovectors. Molecules 2021; 26:E247. [PMID: 33466486 PMCID: PMC7796498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria (blue-green microalgae) are ubiquitous, Gram-negative photoautotrophic prokaryotes. They are considered as one of the most efficient sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. More than 50% of cyanobacteria are cultivated on commercial platforms to extract bioactive compounds, which have bene shown to possess anticancer activity. The chemically diverse natural compounds or their analogues induce cytotoxicity and potentially kill a variety of cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis, or altering the activation of cell signaling, involving especially the protein kinase-C family members, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative damage. These therapeutic properties enable their use in the pharma and healthcare sectors for the betterment of future generations. This review provides a baseline overview of the anti-cancerous cyanobacterial bioactive compounds, along with recently introduced nanomaterials that could be used for the development of new anticancer drugs to build a healthy future for mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qamar
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Kashif Hussain
- Pharmacy Section, Gyani Inder Singh Institute of Professional Studies, Dehradun 248003, India;
- School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India
| | - Aishwarya Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat 124001, India;
| | - Anish Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Touseef Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Benoît Chénais
- EA 2160 Mer Molécules Santé, Le Mans Université, F-72085 Le Mans, France
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Matsuda Y, Mendelsohn BA. An overview of process development for antibody-drug conjugates produced by chemical conjugation technology. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:963-975. [PMID: 33141625 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1846714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We discuss chemical conjugation strategies for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) from an industrial perspective and compare three promising chemical conjugation technologies to produce site-specific ADCs.Areas covered: Currently, nine ADCs are commercially approved and all are produced by chemical conjugation technology. However, seven of these ADCs contain a relatively broad drug distribution, potentially limiting their therapeutic indices. In 2019, the first site-specific ADC was launched on the market by Daiichi-Sankyo. This achievement, and an analysis of clinical trials over the last decade, indicates that current industrial interest in the ADC field is shifting toward site-specific conjugation technologies. From an industrial point of view, we aim to provide guidance regarding established conjugation methodologies that have already been applied to scale-up stages. With an emphasis on highly productive, scalable, and synthetic process robustness, conjugation methodologies for ADC production is discussed herein.Expert opinion: All three chemical conjugation technologies described in this review have various advantages and disadvantages, therefore drug developers can utilize these depending on their biological and/or protein targets. The future landscape of the ADC field is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuda
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Brian A Mendelsohn
- Process Development & Tech Transfer, Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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Luan X, Wu Y, Shen YW, Zhang H, Zhou YD, Chen HZ, Nagle DG, Zhang WD. Cytotoxic and antitumor peptides as novel chemotherapeutics. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:7-17. [PMID: 32776055 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Treatment resistance and drug-induced refractory malignancies pose significant challenges for current chemotherapy drugs. There have been increasing research efforts aimed at developing novel chemotherapeutics, especially from natural products and related derivatives. Natural cytotoxic peptides, an emerging source of chemotherapeutics, have exhibited the advantage of overcoming drug resistance and displayed broad-spectrum antitumor activities in the clinic. This highlight examines the increasingly popular cytotoxic peptides from isolated natural products. In-depth review of several peptides provides examples for how this novel strategy can lead to the improved anti-tumor effects. The mechanisms and current application of representative natural cytotoxic peptides (NCPs) have also been discussed, with a particular focus on future directions for interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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