1
|
Schwarz P, Steinem C. The role of the transmembrane domain of silicanin-1: Reconstitution of the full-length protein in artificial membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183921. [PMID: 35367203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biosilica formation in diatoms is a membrane-confined process that occurs in so-called silica deposition vesicles (SDVs). As SDVs have as yet not been successfully isolated, the impact of the SDV membrane on silica morphogenesis is not well understood. However, recently the first SDV transmembrane protein, silicanin-1 (Sin1) has been identified that appears to be involved in biosilica formation. In this study, we recombinantly expressed and isolated full-length Sin1 from E. coli and investigated its reconstitution behavior in artificial membranes. A reconstitution efficiency in vesicles of up to 80% was achieved by a co-micellization method. By using a chymotrypsin digest, the orientation of Sin1 in unilamellar vesicles was analyzed indicating a positioning of the large N-terminal domain to the outside of the vesicles. These proteoliposomes were capable of precipitating silica in the presence of long-chain polyamines. Supported lipid bilayers were produced by proteoliposome spreading on lipid monolayers to form continuous lipid bilayers with Sin1 confined to the membrane. Successful Sin1 reconstitution into these planar membranes was shown by means of immunostaining with purified primary anti-Sin1 and secondary fluorescent antibodies. The established planar model membrane system, amenable for surface sensitive and microscopy techniques, will pave the way to investigate SDV-membrane interactions with other SDV associated biomolecules and its role in silica biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schwarz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB), Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bilbrough T, Piemontese E, Seitz O. Dissecting the role of protein phosphorylation: a chemical biology toolbox. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5691-5730. [PMID: 35726784 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a crucial regulator of protein and cellular function, yet, despite identifying an enormous number of phosphorylation sites, the role of most is still unclear. Each phosphoform, the particular combination of phosphorylations, of a protein has distinct and diverse biological consequences. Aberrant phosphorylation is implicated in the development of many diseases. To investigate their function, access to defined protein phosphoforms is essential. Materials obtained from cells often are complex mixtures. Recombinant methods can provide access to defined phosphoforms if site-specifically acting kinases are known, but the methods fail to provide homogenous material when several amino acid side chains compete for phosphorylation. Chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis has provided an invaluable toolbox to enable access to previously unreachable phosphoforms of proteins. In this review, we selected important tools that enable access to homogeneously phosphorylated protein and discuss examples that demonstrate how they can be applied. Firstly, we discuss the synthesis of phosphopeptides and proteins through chemical and enzymatic means and their advantages and limitations. Secondly, we showcase illustrative examples that applied these tools to answer biological questions pertaining to proteins involved in signal transduction, control of transcription, neurodegenerative diseases and aggregation, apoptosis and autophagy, and transmembrane proteins. We discuss the opportunities and challenges in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Bilbrough
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Emanuele Piemontese
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Daus F, Xie X, Geyer A. The silica mineralisation properties of synthetic Silaffin-1A 1 ( synSil-1A 1). Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3387-3396. [PMID: 35362502 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00390b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic monodisperse pentadecapeptide synSil-1A1 is a representative of the microdisperse mixture of the native silaffin natSil-1A1 produced by the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis. The octaphosphorylated zwitterionic synSil-1A1 is able to mineralise silica under slightly acidic conditions at pH 5.5, which is the physiologically relevant pH range assumed. Like the posttranslational modifications of the native silaffins, synSil-1A1 is functionalised on all four lysine and phosphorylated on all seven serine residues. We describe the synthesis of a trimethyl-δ-hydroxy-L-lysine building block, the incorporation of this choline-type amino acid in peptide synthesis and its phosphorylation, together with all further posttranslational modifications observed in the native silaffins. Quantitative structure-activity relationships from silicification experiments at high dilution reveal the unique mineralisation properties of the hyperphosphorylated peptide as a single substance and in interaction with long-chain polyamines (LCPA). Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments reveal the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) between synSil-1A1 and long-chain polyamines, which promotes the silicification process. The microdroplets have an overall balanced ratio of 100-150 cationic and the same number of anionic charges. The unique zwitterionic synSil-1A1 confirms the prevailing molecular model of biosilicification and validates it with quantitative data based on a single phosphopeptide species, avoiding the usual unphysiologically high concentrations of phosphate of many previous in vitro silicification experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Daus
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Armin Geyer
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hare SR, Pfaendtner J. Elucidating the role of catalytic amino acid residues in the peptide-mediated silica oligomerization reaction mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3664-3674. [PMID: 35080220 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04542c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the detailed mechanism by which the proteins of marine diatoms such as silaffins are able to control the morphology of silica oligomers has eluded synthetic chemists and materials scientists for decades. In this study, we use DFT calculations to determine how individual amino acid residues of silaffin catalyze silica dimerization. The reaction network for formation of a silica dimer was explored using several different small molecules, including water, guanidinium ions, and methylammonium ions, the latter two molecules representing analogs of arginine and lysine, both of which are known to play critical roles in enabling the catalytic function of naturally occurring protein and synthetic analogs of silaffin. It was found that the lysine analog selectively lowers the energy of a direct water removal pathway for silicate dimerization. Comparing the energy landscapes and mechanisms for various catalysts for this reaction provides direct evidence for the role of lysine side chains of silaffins in the oligmerization of silica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. .,Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richmond, Washington 99354, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cassarino L, Curnow P, Hendry KR. A biomimetic peptide has no effect on the isotopic fractionation during in vitro silica precipitation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9698. [PMID: 33958622 PMCID: PMC8102562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stable isotopic composition of diatom silica is used as a proxy for nutrient utilisation in natural waters. This approach provides essential insight into the current and historic links between biological production, carbon cycling and climate. However, estimates of isotopic fractionation during diatom silica production from both laboratory and field studies are variable, and the biochemical pathways responsible remain unknown. Here, we investigate silicon isotopic fractionation through a series of chemical precipitation experiments that are analogous to the first stages of intracellular silica formation within the diatom silicon deposition vesicle. The novelty of our experiment is the inclusion of the R5 peptide, which is closely related to a natural biomolecule known to play a role in diatom silicification. Our results suggest that the presence of R5 induces a systematic but non-significant difference in fractionation behaviour. It thus appears that silicon isotopic fractionation in vitro is largely driven by an early kinetic fractionation during rapid precipitation that correlates with the initial amount of dissolved silica in the system. Our findings raise the question of how environmental changes might impact silicon isotopic fractionation in diatoms, and whether frustule archives record information in addition to silica consumption in surface water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Cassarino
- University of Bristol, School of Earth Sciences, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Brsitol, BS8 1RJ, UK.
| | - Paul Curnow
- University of Bristol, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Katharine R Hendry
- University of Bristol, School of Earth Sciences, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Brsitol, BS8 1RJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdelhamid MAA, Pack SP. Biomimetic and bioinspired silicifications: Recent advances for biomaterial design and applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:38-56. [PMID: 32447061 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rational design and controllable synthesis of functional silica-based materials have gained increased interest in a variety of biomedical and biotechnological applications due to their unique properties. The current review shows that marine organisms, such as siliceous sponges and diatoms, could be the inspiration for the fabrication of advanced biohybrid materials. Several biomolecules were involved in the molecular mechanism of biosilicification in vivo. Mimicking their behavior, functional silica-based biomaterials have been generated via biomimetic and bioinspired silicification in vitro. Additionally, several advanced technologies were developed for in vitro and in vivo immobilization of biomolecules with potential applications in biocatalysis, biosensors, bioimaging, and immunoassays. A thin silica layer could coat a single living cell or virus as a protective shell offering new opportunities in biotechnology and nanomedicine fields. Promising nanotechnologies have been developed for drug encapsulation and delivery in a targeted and controlled manner, in particular for poorly soluble hydrophobic drugs. Moreover, biomimetic silica, as a morphogenetically active biocompatible material, has been utilized in the field of bone regeneration and in the development of biomedical implantable devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In nature, silica-based biomaterials, such as diatom frustules and sponge spicules, with high mechanical and physical properties were created under biocompatible conditions. The fundamental knowledge underlying the molecular mechanisms of biosilica formation could inspire engineers and chemists to design novel hybrid biomaterials using molecular biomimetic strategies. The production of such biohybrid materials brings the biosilicification field closer to practical applications. This review starts with the biosilicification process of sponges and diatoms with recently updated researches. Then, this article covers recent advances in the design of silica-based biomaterials and their potential applications in the fields of biotechnology and nanomedicine, highlighting several promising technologies for encapsulation of functional proteins and living cells, drug delivery and the preparation of scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Abdelhamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Magana JR, Gumí‐Audenis B, Tas RP, Gascoigne L, Atkins DL, Voets IK. Bioinspired Scaffolding by Supramolecular Amines Allows the Formation of One- and Two-Dimensional Silica Superstructures. Chemistry 2020; 26:15330-15336. [PMID: 32783243 PMCID: PMC7756888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silica materials attract an increasing amount of interest in (fundamental) research, and find applications in, for example, sensing, catalysis, and drug delivery. As the properties of these (nano)materials not only depend on their chemistry but also their size, shape, and surface area, the controllable synthesis of silica is essential for tailoring the materials to specific applications. Advantageously, bioinspired routes for silica production are environmentally friendly and straightforward since the formation process is spontaneous and proceeds under mild conditions. These strategies mostly employ amine-bearing phosphorylated (bio)polymers. In this work, we expand this principle to supramolecular polymers based on the water-soluble cationic cyanine dye Pinacyanol acetate. Upon assembly in water, these dye molecules form large, polyaminated, supramolecular fibers. The surfaces of these fibers can be used as a scaffold for the condensation of silicic acid. Control over the ionic strength, dye concentration, and silicic acid saturation yielded silica fibers with a diameter of 25 nm and a single, 4 nm pore. Unexpectedly, other unusual superstructures, namely, nummulites and spherulites, are also observed depending on the ionic strength and dye concentration. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) showed that these superstructures are formed by aligned silica fibers. Close examination of the dye scaffold prior silicification using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and UV/Vis spectroscopy revealed minor influence of the ionic strength and dye concentration on the morphology of the supramolecular scaffold. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) during silicification unraveled that if the reaction is kept under static conditions, only silica fibers are obtained. Experiments performed on the dye scaffold and silica superstructures evidenced that the marked structural diversity originates from the arrangement of silica/dye fibers. Under these mild conditions, external force fields can profoundly influence the morphology of the produced silica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R. Magana
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft MatterLaboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, andInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Berta Gumí‐Audenis
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft MatterLaboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, andInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Roderick P. Tas
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft MatterLaboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, andInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Levena Gascoigne
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft MatterLaboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, andInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Dylan L. Atkins
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft MatterLaboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, andInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft MatterLaboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, andInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Montagna M, Brückner SI, Dianat A, Gutierrez R, Daus F, Geyer A, Brunner E, Cuniberti G. Interactions of Long-Chain Polyamines with Silica Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:11600-11609. [PMID: 32924496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of molecular interactions between silica phases and organic components is crucial for elucidating the main steps involved in the biosilica mineralization process. In this respect, the structural characterization of the organic/inorganic interface is particularly useful for a deeper understanding of the dominant mechanisms of biomineralization. In this work, we have investigated the interaction of selectively 13C- and 15N-labeled atoms of organic long-chain polyamines (LCPAs) with 29Si-labeled atoms of a silica layer at the molecular level. In particular, silica/LCPA nanocomposites were analyzed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy in combination with all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Solid-state NMR experiments allow the determination of 29Si-15N and 29Si-13C internuclear distances, providing the parameters for direct verification of atomistic simulations. Our results elucidate the relevant molecular conformations as well as the nature of the interaction between the LCPA and a silica substrate. Specifically, distances and second moments suggest a picture compatible with (i) LCPA completely embedded in the silica phase and (ii) the charged amino groups located in close vicinity of silanol groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Montagna
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Ingmar Brückner
- Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Daus
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin Geyer
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kolbe F, Daus F, Geyer A, Brunner E. Phosphate-Silica Interactions in Diatom Biosilica and Synthetic Composites Studied by Rotational Echo Double Resonance (REDOR) NMR Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4332-4338. [PMID: 32233513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biosilica is a biogenic composite material produced by organisms like diatoms. Various biomolecules are tightly attached or incorporated into biosilica. Examples are special proteins termed silaffins and long-chain polyamines (LCPAs). Presumably, these biomolecules are involved in the biosilica formation process. Silaffins are highly phosphorylated zwitterions with LCPAs post-translationally attached to lysine residues. In the present work, we use distance-dependent solid-state NMR experiments, especially the 31P{29Si} Rotational Echo Double Resonance (REDOR) technique, to study the environment of phosphate moieties in biosilica and in vitro synthesized SiO2-based composites. In contrast to the heterogeneous mixtures of biomolecules found in native biosilica, the described in vitro silicification experiments make use of a single synthetic phosphopeptide and an LCPA of well-defined and uniform structure. The heteronuclear correlations measured from these silica composites provide reliable 31P-29Si dipolar second moments and information about the distribution of the phosphopeptide within the silica material. The calculated second moment indicates close contact between phosphopeptides and silica. The phosphopeptides are incorporated into the silica composite in a disperse manner. Moreover, the REDOR data acquired for diatom biosilica also imply that phosphate groups are part of the silica-organic interface in this material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Kolbe
- Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Daus
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Armin Geyer
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eike Brunner
- Chair of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|